FRM S-4/A
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
October 14, 2008
Registration No. 333-152974
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Amendment No. 2
to
Form S-4
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC
(Exact Name of Registrant as
Specified in Its Charter)
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Ohio
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation or Organization)
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1000
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
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34-1464672
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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1100 Superior Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2544
(216) 694-5700
(Address, Including Zip Code,
and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrants
Principal Executive Offices)
George W. Hawk, Jr., Esq.
General Counsel and Secretary
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc
1100 Superior Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2544
(216) 694-5700
(Name, Address, Including Zip
Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for
Service)
Copies to:
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Lyle G. Ganske, Esq.
James P. Dougherty, Esq.
Jones Day
901 Lakeside Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
(216) 586-3939
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Vaughn R. Groves, Esq.
Vice President and General Counsel
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
P.O. Box 2345
Abingdon, Virginia 24212
(276) 628-3116
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Ethan A. Klingsberg, Esq.
Jeffrey S. Lewis, Esq.
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP
One Liberty Plaza
New York, New York 10006
(212) 225-3999
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to
public: As soon as practicable following the
effective date of this registration statement and the date on
which all other conditions to the merger of Alpha Merger Sub,
Inc. with and into Alpha Natural Resources, Inc., or under
certain circumstances, the merger of Alpha Natural Resources,
Inc. with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, pursuant to the merger
agreement described in the enclosed document have been satisfied
or waived.
If the securities being registered on this form are being
offered in connection with the formation of a holding company
and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the
following
box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in Rule
12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated
filer þ
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Accelerated
filer o
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Non-accelerated
filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting
company o
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The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is not
complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities
until the registration statement filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission is effective. This joint proxy
statement/prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities
and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any
state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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PRELIMINARY COPY
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED
OCTOBER 14, 2008
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS
OF
CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC.
AND STOCKHOLDERS OF
ALPHA NATURAL RESOURCES,
INC.
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (formerly known as
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc), which is referred to as Cliffs, and Alpha
Natural Resources, Inc., which is referred to as Alpha, have
entered into an agreement and plan of merger pursuant to which
Alpha Merger Sub, Inc., a
wholly-owned
subsidiary of Cliffs, which is referred to as merger sub, will
merge with and into Alpha, or, under certain circumstances, as
described in Annex G, merger sub will be converted
from a Delaware corporation to a Delaware limited liability
company, Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, and Alpha will merge with and
into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC. Upon successful completion of the
merger, Alpha stockholders will be entitled to receive a
combination of cash and Cliffs common shares in exchange for
their shares of Alpha common stock. Pursuant to the merger, each
share of Alpha common stock (other than shares of Alpha common
stock held by any dissenting Alpha stockholder that has properly
exercised appraisal rights in accordance with Delaware law, held
in treasury by Alpha or owned by Cliffs) will be converted into
the right to receive 0.95 of a common share of Cliffs and $22.23
in cash, without interest. Upon completion of the merger, we
estimate that Alphas former stockholders will own
approximately 37% of the then-outstanding common shares of
Cliffs, based on the number of shares of Alpha common stock and
Cliffs common shares outstanding on October 6, 2008. Cliffs
shareholders will continue to own their existing shares, which
will not be affected by the merger. Common shares of Cliffs are
listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
CLF. Upon completion of the merger, Alpha common
stock, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol ANR, will be delisted. When the merger is
completed, Cliffs common shares will continue to be listed on
the New York Stock Exchange.
We expect the merger to be nontaxable for federal income tax
purposes for Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders, except
for the receipt by Alpha stockholders of cash in exchange for
their Alpha common stock or cash instead of fractional common
shares of Cliffs.
We are each holding our special meeting of shareholders in order
to obtain those approvals necessary to consummate the merger. At
the Cliffs special meeting, Cliffs will ask its shareholders to
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of common
shares of Cliffs in connection with the merger. At the Alpha
special meeting, Alpha will ask its stockholders to adopt the
merger agreement. The obligations of Cliffs and Alpha to
complete the merger are also subject to the satisfaction or
waiver of several other conditions to the merger. More
information about Cliffs, Alpha and the proposed merger is
contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. We urge
you to read this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and the
documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, carefully and in their entirety, in
particular, see Risk Factors beginning on
page 27.
After careful consideration, each of our boards of directors has
approved the merger agreement and has determined that the merger
agreement and the merger are advisable and in the best interests
of the shareholders of Cliffs and stockholders of Alpha,
respectively. Accordingly, the Alpha board of directors
recommends that the Alpha stockholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement. The Cliffs board of
directors recommends that the Cliffs shareholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the issuance of Cliffs
common shares to be issued in connection with the merger.
We are very excited about the opportunities the proposed merger
brings to both Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders, and
we thank you for your consideration and continued support.
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Joseph A. Carrabba
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
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Michael J. Quillen
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this joint
proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary
is a criminal offense.
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is
dated ,
2008, and is first being mailed to Alpha stockholders and Cliffs
shareholders on or
about ,
2008.
REFERENCES
TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Except where we indicate otherwise, as used in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, Cliffs refers to Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc. (formerly known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc)
and its consolidated subsidiaries and Alpha refers
to Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. and its consolidated
subsidiaries. This joint proxy statement/prospectus incorporates
important business and financial information about Cliffs and
Alpha from documents that each company has filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the
SEC, but that have not been included in or delivered with this
joint proxy statement/prospectus. For a list of documents
incorporated by reference into this joint proxy
statement/prospectus and how you may obtain them, see
Where You Can Find More Information beginning on
page 239.
This information is available to you without charge upon your
written or oral request. You can also obtain the documents
incorporated by reference into this joint proxy
statement/prospectus by accessing the SECs website
maintained at
http://www.sec.gov.
In addition, Cliffs filings with the SEC are available to
the public on Cliffs website,
http://www.cliffsnaturalresources.com,
and Alphas filings with the SEC are available to the
public on Alphas website,
http://www.alphanr.com.
Information contained on Cliffs website, Alphas
website or the website of any other person is not incorporated
by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and you
should not consider information contained on those websites as
part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Cliffs will provide you with copies of this information relating
to Cliffs, without charge, if you request them in writing or by
telephone from:
Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc.
1100 Superior Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio
44114-2544
Attention: Investor Relations
(216) 694-5700
Alpha will provide you with copies of this information relating
to Alpha, without charge, if you request them in writing or by
telephone from:
Alpha
Natural Resources, Inc.
One Alpha Place, P.O. Box 2345
Abingdon, Virginia 24212
Attention: Investor Relations
(276) 619-4410
If you would like to request documents, please do so
by ,
2008, in order to receive them before the special meetings.
Cliffs has supplied all information contained in or incorporated
by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus relating
to Cliffs, and Alpha has supplied all information contained in
or incorporated by reference in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus relating to Alpha.
ALPHA NATURAL RESOURCES,
INC.
One Alpha Place, P.O. Box 2345
Abingdon, Virginia 24212
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF
STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD
ON ,
2008
To our fellow Stockholders of Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.:
We will hold our special meeting of stockholders at our offices
located at One Alpha Place, Abingdon, Virginia 24212,
on ,
2008,
at ,
unless adjourned to a later date. This special meeting will be
held for the following purposes:
1. To adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
July 15, 2008, as it may be amended from time to time, by
and among Cleveland-Cliffs Inc (now known as Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc.), Alpha Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., and Alpha Natural
Resources, Inc., pursuant to which Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. will
merge with and into Alpha Natural Resources, Inc., or, under
certain circumstances, as described in Annex G,
Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. will be converted from a Delaware
corporation to a Delaware limited liability company, Alpha
Merger Sub, LLC, and Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. will merge
with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, on the terms and subject to
the conditions contained in the merger agreement, and each
outstanding share of common stock of Alpha Natural Resources,
Inc. (other than shares held by any of its dissenting
stockholders that have properly exercised appraisal rights in
accordance with Delaware law, held in its treasury or owned by
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.) will be converted into the right
to receive $22.23 in cash, without interest, and 0.95 of a
common share of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. A copy of the
merger agreement is attached as Annex A to the
accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus; and
2. To approve adjournments of the Alpha Natural Resources,
Inc. special meeting, if necessary, to permit further
solicitation of proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the
time of the Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. special meeting to
approve the above proposal.
These items of business are described in the accompanying joint
proxy statement/prospectus. Only stockholders of record at the
close of business on October 10, 2008, are entitled to
notice of the Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. special meeting and
to vote at the Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. special meeting and
any adjournments of the Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. special
meeting.
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.s board of directors has
approved the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated
by the merger agreement, including the merger, and has
determined that the merger agreement and the transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and fair to,
and in the best interests of, Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. and
its stockholders. Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.s board of
directors recommends that you vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement.
In deciding to approve the merger agreement and the transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger,
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.s board of directors
considered the fairness opinion of its financial advisor
delivered on July 15, 2008 and attached as
Annex B to the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus. The fairness opinion speaks only as of its
date and does not address the fairness of the merger
consideration from a financial point of view at the time the
merger is completed. We urge you to read Risk
Factors Risks Relating to the Merger The
fairness opinions obtained by Cliffs and Alpha from their
respective financial advisors will not reflect changes in
circumstances between signing the merger agreement and the
completion of the merger on page 29.
Under Delaware law, appraisal rights will be available to Alpha
Natural Resources, Inc. stockholders of record who do not vote
in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement. To exercise
your appraisal rights, you must strictly follow the procedures
prescribed by Delaware law, submit a timely written demand for
appraisal prior to the
vote on the adoption of the merger agreement and otherwise
comply with the requirements for exercising appraisal rights.
These procedures are summarized in the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
Your vote is very important. Whether or not
you plan to attend the Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. special
meeting in person, please complete, sign and date the enclosed
proxy card(s) as soon as possible and return it in the
postage-prepaid envelope provided, or vote your shares by
telephone or over the Internet as described in the accompanying
joint proxy statement/prospectus. Submitting a proxy now will
not prevent you from being able to vote at the special meeting
by attending in person and casting a vote. However, if you do
not return or submit the proxy or vote your shares by telephone
or over the Internet or vote in person at the special meeting,
the effect will be the same as a vote against the proposal to
adopt the merger agreement.
By order of the board of directors,
Vaughn Groves
Vice President, Secretary and General
Counsel
Please vote your shares promptly. You can find instructions
for voting on the enclosed proxy card.
If you have questions, contact:
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
One Alpha Place, P.O. Box 2345
Abingdon, Virginia 24212
Attention: Investor Relations
(276) 619-4410
or
D.F. King & Co., Inc.
48 Wall Street,
22nd Floor
New York, New York 10005
Banks and Brokers call collect: (212) 269-5550
All others call toll-free: (888) 887-0082
Abingdon,
Virginia, ,
2008
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT.
Please complete, date, sign and return your proxy card(s), or
vote your shares by telephone or over the Internet at your
earliest convenience so that your shares are represented at the
meeting.
CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES
INC.
1100 Superior Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio
44114-2544
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF
SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD
ON , 2008
To our fellow Shareholders of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.:
The special meeting of shareholders of Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. will be held
at
on ,
2008,
at ,
unless postponed or adjourned to a later date. The Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc. special meeting will be held for the
following purposes:
1. To adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
July 15, 2008, as it may be amended from time to time, by
and among Cleveland-Cliffs Inc (now known as Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc.), Alpha Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., and Alpha Natural
Resources, Inc., pursuant to which Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. will
merge with and into Alpha Natural Resources, Inc., or, under
certain circumstances, as described in Annex G,
Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. will be converted from a Delaware
corporation to a Delaware limited liability company, Alpha
Merger Sub, LLC, and Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. will merge
with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, on the terms and subject to
the conditions contained in the merger agreement, and approve
the issuance of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares in
connection with the merger. A copy of the merger agreement is
attached as Annex A to the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus;
2. To approve adjournments or postponements of the Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc. special meeting, if necessary, to permit
further solicitation of proxies if there are not sufficient
votes at the time of the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. special
meeting to adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance
of the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares on the terms
and subject to the conditions contained in the merger
agreement; and
3. To consider and take action upon any other business that
may properly come before the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
special meeting or any reconvened meeting following an
adjournment or postponement of the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
special meeting.
These items of business are described in the accompanying joint
proxy statement/prospectus. Only shareholders of record at the
close of business on October 6, 2008, are entitled to
notice of the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. special meeting and
to vote at the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. special meeting and
any adjournments or postponements of the Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. special meeting.
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.s board of directors has
approved the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated
by the merger agreement, including the merger and the issuance
of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares in connection
with the merger, and has determined that the transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and fair to,
and in the best interests of, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and
its shareholders. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.s board of
directors recommends that you vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares pursuant
to the merger agreement.
In deciding to approve the merger agreement and the transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger and
the issuance of the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares
in connection with the merger, Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc.s board of directors considered the fairness opinion
of its financial advisor delivered on July 15, 2008 and
attached as Annex C to the accompanying joint proxy
statement/prospectus. The fairness opinion speaks only as of its
date and does not address the fairness of the merger
consideration from a financial point of view at the time the
merger is completed. We urge you to read Risk
Factors Risks Relating to the Merger The
fairness opinions obtained by Cliffs and Alpha from their
respective financial advisors will not reflect changes in
circumstances between signing the merger agreement and the
completion of the merger on page 29.
Under Chapter 1701 of the Ohio Revised Code,
dissenters rights will be available to Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. shareholders of record who do not vote in favor
of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. common shares. To
exercise your dissenters rights, you must strictly follow
the procedures prescribed by Chapter 1701 of the Ohio
Revised Code. These procedures are summarized in the
accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Your vote is very important. Whether or not
you plan to attend the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. special
meeting in person, please complete, sign and date the enclosed
proxy card(s) as soon as possible and return it in the
postage-prepaid envelope provided, or vote your shares by
telephone or over the Internet as described in the accompanying
joint proxy statement/prospectus. Submitting a proxy now will
not prevent you from being able to vote at the special meeting
by attending in person and casting a vote. However, if you do
not return or submit the proxy or vote your shares by telephone
or over the Internet or vote in person at the special meeting,
the effect will be the same as a vote against the proposal to
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc. common shares in the merger.
By order of the board of directors,
George W. Hawk, Jr.
General Counsel and Secretary
Please vote your shares promptly. You can find instructions
for voting on the enclosed proxy card.
If you have questions, contact:
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
1100 Superior Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio
44114-2544
Attention: Investor Relations
(216) 694-5700
or
Innisfree M&A Incorporated
501 Madison Avenue,
20th Floor
New York, New York 10022
Shareholders may call toll-free: (877) 456-3507
Banks and Brokers call collect: (212) 750-5833
Cleveland,
Ohio, ,
2008
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT.
Please complete, date, sign and return your proxy card(s) or
vote your shares by telephone or over the Internet at your
earliest convenience so that your shares are represented at the
meeting.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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ANNEXES
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Agreement and Plan of Merger
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A-1
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Opinion of Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
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B-1
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Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
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C-1
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Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware
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D-1
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Section 1701.85 of Chapter 1701 of the Ohio Revised
Code
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E-1
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Effects of Merger if Restructured
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G-1
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EX-3(E) |
EX-5(A) |
EX-8(A) |
EX-8(B) |
EX-23(A) |
EX-23(B) |
EX-99(D) |
EX-99(H) |
iv
QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPECIAL MEETINGS AND THE MERGER
The following questions and answers briefly address some
commonly asked questions about the special meetings and the
merger. They may not include all the information that is
important to you. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (formerly,
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc), which we refer to as Cliffs, and Alpha
Natural Resources, Inc., which we refer to as Alpha, urge you to
read carefully this entire joint proxy statement/prospectus,
including the annexes and the other documents to which we have
referred you. We have included page references in certain parts
of this section to direct you to a more detailed description of
each topic presented elsewhere in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
The
Merger
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Why am I receiving this joint proxy statement/prospectus? |
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The boards of directors of each of Alpha and Cliffs have agreed
to the acquisition of Alpha by Cliffs pursuant to the terms of a
merger agreement that is described in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus. A copy of the merger agreement is attached
to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. |
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In order to complete the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement, including the merger, Cliffs shareholders and Alpha
stockholders must vote on and approve proposals described in
this joint proxy statement/prospectus and all other conditions
to the merger must be satisfied or waived. Alpha and Cliffs will
hold separate special meetings of their respective shareholders
to seek to obtain these approvals. |
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This joint proxy statement/prospectus contains important
information about the merger agreement, the transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, and
the respective special meetings of the stockholders of Alpha and
shareholders of Cliffs, which you should read carefully. The
enclosed proxy materials allow you to grant a proxy to vote your
shares without attending your respective companys special
meeting in person. |
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Your vote is very
important. We encourage you to submit your proxy as soon as
possible. |
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What is the proposed transaction for which I am being asked
to vote? |
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Alpha stockholders are being asked to adopt the merger agreement
at the Alpha special meeting. A copy of the merger agreement is
attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as
Annex A. The approval of the proposal to adopt the
merger agreement by Alpha stockholders is a condition to the
obligation of the parties to the merger agreement to complete
the merger. See The Merger Conditions to
Completion of the Merger on page 93 and
Summary Conditions to Completion of the
Merger beginning on page 12. |
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Cliffs shareholders are being asked to adopt the merger
agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common shares
pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement at the Cliffs
special meeting. The approval of this proposal by the Cliffs
shareholders is a condition to the obligation of the parties to
the merger agreement to complete the merger. See The
Merger Conditions to Completion of the Merger
on page 93 and Summary Conditions to
Completion of the Merger beginning on page 12. |
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Why are Alpha and Cliffs proposing the merger? |
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Alpha and Cliffs both believe that the merger will provide
substantial strategic and financial benefits to the stockholders
of both companies. The combined company, which we refer to as
the combined company, will become one of the largest U.S. mining
companies and be positioned as a leading diversified mining and
natural resources company. In addition, Alpha is also proposing
the merger to provide its stockholders with the opportunity to
receive the merger consideration and to offer Alpha stockholders
the opportunity to participate in the growth and opportunities
of the combined company by receiving Cliffs common shares
pursuant to the merger. To review the reasons for the merger in
greater detail, see The Merger Alphas
Reasons for the Merger and Recommendation of Alphas Board
of Directors beginning on page 59 and The
Merger Cliffs Reasons for the Merger and
Recommendation of Cliffs Board of Directors
beginning on page 62. |
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What are the positions of the Alpha and Cliffs boards of
directors regarding the merger and the proposals relating to the
adoption of the merger agreement and the issuance of Cliffs
common shares? |
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Both boards of directors have approved the merger agreement and
the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including
the merger, and determined that the transactions contemplated by
the merger agreement are advisable and fair to, and in the best
interests of, their respective companies and stockholders. The
Alpha board of directors recommends that the Alpha stockholders
vote
for
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement at the
Alpha special meeting. The Cliffs board of directors recommends
that the Cliffs shareholders vote
for
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and
approve the issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the
terms of the merger agreement at the Cliffs special meeting. See
The Merger Alphas Reasons for the Merger
and Recommendation of Alphas Board of Directors
beginning on page 59, The Merger
Cliffs Reasons for the Merger and Recommendation of
Cliffs Board of Directors beginning on page 62,
Summary The Merger Alphas
Reasons for the Merger on page 9 and
Summary The Merger Cliffs
Reasons for the Merger on page 9. |
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What vote is needed by Alpha stockholders to adopt the merger
agreement? |
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The adoption of the merger agreement requires the affirmative
vote of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Alpha
common stock entitled to vote. If you are an Alpha stockholder
and you abstain from voting, that will have the same effect as a
vote against the adoption of the merger agreement. See The
Alpha Special Meeting Quorum and Vote Required
beginning on page 40. |
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What vote is needed by Cliffs shareholders to adopt the
merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common
shares pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement? |
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The adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the terms of the
merger agreement requires the affirmative vote of at least
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of
outstanding common shares of Cliffs and 3.25% Redeemable
Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock of Cliffs,
which we refer to as
Series A-2
preferred stock, voting together as a class. If you are a Cliffs
shareholder and you abstain from voting, that will have the same
effect as a vote against the adoption of the merger agreement
and the issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the merger
agreement. See The Cliffs Special Meeting
Quorum and Vote Required beginning on page 44. |
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The former owners of PinnOak Resources, LLC, or PinnOak, which,
held, collectively, as of the record date, 4,000,000 common
shares of Cliffs, or approximately 3.5% of all of the common
shares of Cliffs issued and outstanding as of the record date,
and United Mining Co., Ltd., or United Mining, which held as of
the record date 4,311,471 common shares of Cliffs, or
approximately 3.8% of the then issued and outstanding common
shares of Cliffs, each entered into separate voting agreements
with Cliffs, pursuant to which they have agreed, among other
things, to vote their respective common shares of Cliffs in
favor of the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval
of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger. |
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What will happen in the proposed merger? |
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In the proposed merger, Alpha Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Cliffs, which we refer to as merger sub, will
merge with and into Alpha, with Alpha as the surviving company.
Under certain circumstances, the merger may be restructured so
that merger sub will be converted from a Delaware corporation to
a Delaware limited liability company, Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, and
Alpha will merge with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, with Alpha
Merger Sub, LLC as the surviving company. The effects of the
merger, if it is restructured in this way, are described in
Annex G. After the merger, Alpha will no longer be a
public company and will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Cliffs. See The Merger Agreement The Merger;
Closing beginning on page 97. |
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What will Alpha stockholders receive in the merger? |
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In the merger, holders of Alpha common stock (other than shares
of Alpha common stock held by any dissenting Alpha stockholder
that has properly exercised appraisal rights in accordance with
Delaware law, held in |
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treasury by Alpha or owned by Cliffs) will be entitled to
receive for each share of Alpha common stock (which will be
cancelled in the merger): |
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$22.23 in cash, without interest; and
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0.95 of a fully paid, nonassessable common share of
Cliffs.
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Although both the cash portion and the share portion of the
merger consideration are fixed, due to the fluctuations in the
market value of the Cliffs common shares, the value of the
Cliffs common shares to be issued in the merger will fluctuate
with movements in the price of Cliffs common shares. See
Risk Factors Risks Relating to the
Merger Because the market price of Cliffs common
shares will fluctuate, Alpha stockholders cannot be sure of the
value of the merger consideration they will receive on
page 27. |
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Alpha stockholders will be entitled to receive cash for any
fractional common shares of Cliffs that they would otherwise be
entitled to receive in the merger. |
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What are the potential principal adverse consequences of the
merger to the Cliffs shareholders? |
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Following the consummation of the merger, Cliffs shareholders
will participate in one of the largest U.S. mining
companies with a mine portfolio including nine iron ore
facilities and more than 60 coal mines located across North
America, South America and Australia. Although the combined
company will have a significantly increased size and scope, if
the combined company is unable to realize the strategic and
financial benefits currently anticipated to result from the
merger, then Cliffs shareholders could experience dilution of
their economic interest in Cliffs without receiving a
commensurate benefit. In addition, it is possible that the
merger could result in dilution to Cliffs earnings per
share. Further, any adverse changes to the financial condition,
results of operations, business, competitive position,
reputation and business prospects of Alpha could potentially
adversely affect the value of the combined company, thereby
decreasing the value of the Cliffs common shares after the
merger. Please see Risk Factors Risks Relating
to the Merger beginning on page 27 and Risk
Factors Risks Relating to the Combined
Companys Operations After Consummation of the Merger
beginning on page 38 for a further discussion of the material
risks associated with the merger. |
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Do Alpha stockholders have appraisal rights? |
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Yes. Alpha stockholders who do not vote in favor of adopting the
merger agreement and who otherwise comply with the requirements
of Delaware law will be entitled to appraisal rights to receive
the statutorily determined fair value of their
shares of Alpha common stock as determined by the Delaware
Chancery Court, rather than the merger consideration. For a full
description of the appraisal rights available to Alpha
stockholders, see Summary Appraisal Rights of
Alpha Stockholders beginning on page 11 and The
Merger Appraisal Rights of Alpha Stockholders
beginning on page 88. |
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Do Cliffs shareholders have dissenters rights? |
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Yes. Cliffs shareholders are entitled to exercise
dissenters rights in connection with the merger, provided
they comply with the requirements of Chapter 1701 of the
Ohio Revised Code, which we refer to as the Ohio General
Corporation Law. For a full description of the dissenters
rights of Cliffs shareholders, see Summary
Dissenters Rights of Cliffs Shareholders on
page 12 and The Merger Dissenters
Rights of Cliffs Shareholders beginning on page 91. |
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Will the rights of Alpha stockholders change as a result of
the merger? |
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Yes. Alpha stockholders will become Cliffs shareholders and
their rights as Cliffs shareholders will be governed by the Ohio
General Corporation Law and Cliffs amended articles of
incorporation, as amended, which we refer to as the amended
articles of incorporation, and regulations, which we refer to as
the regulations. For a summary description of those rights, see
Comparison of Rights of Shareholders beginning on
page 217. For a copy of Cliffs amended articles of
incorporation or regulations, see Where You Can Find More
Information beginning on page 239. |
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Will the rights of Cliffs shareholders change as a result of
the merger? |
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No. Cliffs shareholders will retain their shares of Cliffs
and their rights will continue to be governed by the Ohio
General Corporation Law and Cliffs amended articles of
incorporation and regulations. |
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Where do Cliffs common shares trade? |
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Common shares of Cliffs trade on the New York Stock Exchange, or
NYSE, under the symbol CLF. |
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When do you expect to complete the merger? |
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If the merger agreement is adopted at the Alpha special meeting
and the merger agreement is adopted and the issuance of Cliffs
common shares is approved at the Cliffs special meeting, we
expect to complete the merger as soon as possible after the
satisfaction of the other conditions to the merger. There may be
a substantial period of time between the approval of the
proposals by stockholders at the special meetings of
Alphas stockholders and Cliffs shareholders and the
effectiveness of the merger. We currently anticipate that, if
the necessary approvals of Alphas stockholders and
Cliffs shareholders are obtained, the merger will be
completed prior to the end of 2008. See The Merger
Agreement The Merger; Closing beginning on
page 97. |
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Who will be the directors of Cliffs after the merger? |
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The directors of Cliffs immediately prior to the merger will
continue as directors after the effective time of the merger. In
addition, Cliffs has agreed to take all actions required to
appoint two members of Alphas board of directors, Michael
J. Quillen and Glenn A. Eisenberg, to Cliffs board after
the merger. |
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Should I send in my stock certificates now? |
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NO, PLEASE DO NOT SEND YOUR STOCK CERTIFICATE(S) WITH YOUR
PROXY CARD(S). If the merger is completed, Cliffs will send
Alpha stockholders written instructions for sending in their
stock certificates or, in the case of book-entry shares, for
surrendering their book-entry shares. See The Alpha
Special Meeting Proxy Solicitations on
page 43 and The Merger Agreement Exchange
of Shares beginning on page 99. Cliffs shareholders
will not need to send in their share certificates or surrender
their book-entry shares. |
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Who can answer my questions about the merger? |
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If you have any questions about the merger or your special
meeting, need assistance in voting your shares, or need
additional copies of this joint proxy statement/prospectus or
the enclosed proxy card(s), you should contact: |
If you are a Cliffs shareholder:
Innisfree M&A Incorporated
501 Madison Avenue,
20th
Floor
New York, NY 10022
Shareholders may call toll-free:
(877) 456-3507
Banks and Brokers call collect:
(212) 750-5833
If you are an Alpha stockholder:
D.F. King & Co., Inc.
48 Wall Street,
22nd
Floor
New York, NY 10005
Banks and Brokers call collect:
(212) 269-5550
All others call toll-free:
(888) 887-0082
Procedures
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When and where are the special meetings? |
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The Alpha special meeting will be held at the offices of Alpha
located at One Alpha Place, Abingdon, Virginia 24212,
at
on ,
2008. |
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The Cliffs special meeting will be held
at ,
at
on ,
2008. |
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Who is eligible to vote at the Alpha and Cliffs special
meetings? |
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Owners of Alpha common stock are eligible to vote at the Alpha
special meeting if they were stockholders of record at the close
of business on October 10, 2008. See The Alpha
Special Meeting Record Date; Outstanding Shares;
Shares Entitled to Vote on page 40. |
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Owners of Cliffs common shares and shares of
Series A-2
preferred stock are eligible to vote at the Cliffs special
meeting if they were shareholders of record at the close of
business on October 6, 2008. See The Cliffs Special
Meeting Record Date; Outstanding Shares; Shares
Entitled to Vote on page 44. |
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You should read this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully,
including the annexes, and return your completed, signed and
dated proxy card(s) by mail in the enclosed postage-paid
envelope or by submitting your proxy by telephone or over the
Internet as soon as possible so that your shares will be
represented and voted at your special meeting. You may vote your
shares by signing, dating and mailing the enclosed proxy
card(s), or by voting by telephone or over the Internet. A
number of banks and brokerage firms participate in a program
that also permits shareholders whose shares are held in
street name to direct their vote by telephone or
over the Internet. This option, if available, will be reflected
in the voting instructions from the bank or brokerage firm that
accompany this joint proxy statement/prospectus. If your shares
are held in an account at a bank or brokerage firm that
participates in such a program, you may direct the vote of these
shares by telephone or over the Internet by following the voting
instructions enclosed with the proxy form from the bank or
brokerage firm. See The Alpha Special Meeting
How to Vote beginning on page 41 and The Cliffs
Special Meeting How to Vote beginning on
page 46. |
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If I am going to attend my special meeting, should I return
my proxy card(s)? |
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Yes. Returning your signed and dated proxy card(s) or voting by
telephone or over the Internet ensures that your shares will be
represented and voted at your special meeting. See The
Alpha Special Meeting How to Vote beginning on
page 41 and The Cliffs Special Meeting
How to Vote beginning on page 46. |
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How will my proxy be voted? |
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If you complete, sign and date your proxy card(s) or vote by
telephone or over the Internet, your proxy will be voted in
accordance with your instructions. If you sign and date your
proxy card(s) but do not indicate how you want to vote at your
special meeting: |
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for Alpha stockholders, your shares will be voted
for
the adoption of the merger agreement. If you vote for the
adoption of the merger agreement at the Alpha special meeting,
you will lose the appraisal rights to which you would otherwise
be entitled. See Summary Appraisal Rights of
Alpha Stockholders beginning on page 11, The
Merger Appraisal Rights of Alpha Stockholders
beginning on page 88 and The Alpha Special
Meeting How to Vote beginning on
page 41; and
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for Cliffs shareholders, your shares will be voted
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the issuance
of Cliffs common shares. If you vote for the adoption of the
merger agreement and the issuance of the Cliffs common shares at
the Cliffs special meeting, you will lose the dissenters
rights to which you would otherwise be entitled. See
Summary Dissenters Rights of Cliffs
Shareholders on page 12, The Merger
Dissenters Rights of Cliffs Shareholders beginning
on page 91 and The Cliffs Special Meeting
How to Vote beginning on page 46.
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Can I change my vote after I mail my proxy card(s) or vote by
telephone or over the Internet? |
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Yes. If you are a record holder of Alpha common stock or Cliffs
common shares or shares of
Series A-2
preferred stock, you can change your vote by: |
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sending a written notice to the corporate secretary
of the company in which you hold shares that is received prior
to your special meeting and states that you revoke your proxy;
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signing and delivering a new proxy card(s) bearing a
later date;
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voting again by telephone or over the Internet and
submitting your proxy so that it is received prior to your
special meeting; or
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attending your special meeting and voting in person,
although your attendance alone will not revoke your proxy.
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If your shares are held in a street name account,
you must contact your broker, bank or other nominee to change
your vote. |
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What if my shares are held in street name by my
broker? |
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If a broker holds your shares for your benefit but not in your
own name, your shares are in street name. In that
case, your broker will send you a voting instruction form to use
in voting your shares. The availability of telephone and
Internet voting depends on your brokers voting procedures.
Please follow the instructions on the voting instruction form
they send you. If your shares are held in your brokers
name and you wish to vote in person at your special meeting, you
must contact your broker and request a document called a
legal proxy. You must bring this legal proxy to your
respective special meeting in order to vote in person. |
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What if I dont provide my broker with instructions on
how to vote? |
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Generally, a broker may only vote the shares that it holds for
you in accordance with your instructions. However, if your
broker has not received your instructions, your broker has the
discretion to vote on certain matters that are considered
routine. A broker non-vote occurs if your broker
cannot vote on a particular matter because your broker has not
received instructions from you and because the proposal is not
routine. Broker non-votes could be counted in determining
whether a quorum is present at the respective special meetings
of Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders. Nevertheless,
since we do not anticipate that there will be any routine
matters on the agenda for the respective special meetings
of Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders, we expect that
there will be practical impediments that will prevent us from
counting broker non-votes for purposes of a quorum at those
special meetings. |
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Alpha Stockholders |
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If you wish to vote on the proposal to adopt the merger
agreement, you must provide instructions to your broker because
this proposal is not routine. If you do not provide your broker
with instructions, your broker will not be authorized to vote
with respect to adopting the merger agreement, and a broker
non-vote will occur. This will have the same effect as a vote
against
the adoption of the merger agreement. |
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If you wish to vote on the proposal to adopt the merger
agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common shares
pursuant to the merger agreement, you must provide instructions
to your broker because this proposal is not routine. If you do
not provide your broker with instructions, your broker will not
be authorized to vote with respect to the adoption of the merger
agreement and the issuance of Cliffs common shares, and a broker
non-vote will occur. This will have the same effect as a vote
against
the adoption of the merger agreement and the issuance of Cliffs
common shares. |
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What if I abstain from voting? |
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Your abstention from voting will have the following effect: |
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If you are an Alpha stockholder: |
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Abstentions will be counted in determining whether a quorum is
present at the special meeting. With respect to the proposal to
adopt the merger agreement, abstentions will have the same
effect as a vote
againstthe
proposal to adopt the merger agreement. With respect to the
proposal to adjourn the special meeting, if necessary, to
solicit further proxies in connection with the merger agreement
adoption proposal, abstentions will have the same effect as a
vote
against
the proposal to adjourn the Alpha special meeting. |
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If you are a Cliffs shareholder: |
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Abstentions will be counted in determining whether a quorum is
present at the special meeting. With respect to the proposal to
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs
common shares pursuant to the merger agreement, abstentions will
have the same effect as a vote
against
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the merger.
With respect to the proposal to adjourn or postpone the special
meeting, if necessary, to solicit further proxies in connection
with the merger agreement adoption and share issuance proposal,
abstentions will have the same effect as a vote
againstthe
proposal to adjourn or postpone the Cliffs special meeting,
whether a quorum is present or not. |
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Q: |
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What does it mean if I receive multiple proxy cards? |
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Your shares may be registered in more than one account, such as
brokerage accounts and 401(k) accounts. It is important that you
complete, sign, date and return each proxy card or voting
instruction card you receive or vote using the telephone or the
Internet as described in the instructions included with your
proxy card(s) or voting instruction card(s). |
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Where can I find more information about Cliffs and Alpha? |
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You can find more information about Cliffs and Alpha from
various sources described under Where You Can Find More
Information beginning on page 239. |
7
SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information from this joint
proxy statement/prospectus and may not contain all of the
information that is important to you. You should carefully read
this entire document and the other documents to which this
document refers to fully understand the merger and the related
transactions. See Where You Can Find More
Information beginning on page 239. Most items in this
summary include a page reference directing you to a more
complete description of those items.
Information
about Cliffs
Founded in 1847, Cliffs is an international mining company, the
largest producer of iron ore pellets in North America and a
supplier of metallurgical coal to the global steelmaking
industry. Cliffs operates six iron ore mines in Michigan,
Minnesota and Eastern Canada, and three coking coal mines in
West Virginia and Alabama. Cliffs also owns a majority control
interest in Portman Limited, or Portman, a large iron ore mining
company in Australia, serving the Asian iron ore markets with
direct-shipping fines and lump ore. In addition, Cliffs has a
30 percent interest in MMX Amapá Mineração
Limitada, a Brazilian iron ore project, which is referred to as
Amapá, and a 45 percent economic interest in the
Sonoma Coal Project, an Australian coking and thermal coal
project, which is referred to as Sonoma. Cliffs principal
executive offices are located at: 1100 Superior Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio 44114, and its telephone number is:
(216) 694-5700.
Information
about Alpha
Alpha is a leading Appalachian coal supplier. Alpha produces,
processes and sells steam and metallurgical coal from eight
regional business units, which, as of June 30, 2008, were
supported by 32 active underground mines, 26 active surface
mines and 11 preparation plants located throughout Virginia,
West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, as well as a road
construction business in West Virginia and Virginia that
recovers coal. Alpha also sells coal produced by others, the
majority of which Alpha processes
and/or
blends with coal produced from its mines prior to resale,
providing Alpha with a higher overall margin for the blended
product than if Alpha had sold the coals separately.
Alphas principal executive offices are located at: One
Alpha Place, P.O. Box 2345, Abingdon, Virginia 24212,
and its telephone number is:
(276) 619-4410.
The
Merger
On July 15, 2008, each of the boards of directors of Cliffs
and Alpha approved the merger of merger sub, a newly formed and
wholly-owned subsidiary of Cliffs, with and into Alpha, upon the
terms and subject to the conditions contained in the merger
agreement. Alpha will be the surviving company after the merger
and will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cliffs. Under
certain circumstances, the merger may be restructured so that
merger sub will be converted from a Delaware corporation into a
Delaware limited liability company, Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, and
Alpha will merge with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, with Alpha
Merger Sub, LLC as the surviving company. The effects of the
merger, if it is restructured in this way, are described in
Annex G. Any such restructuring will not affect the
merger consideration to be received by holders of Alpha common
stock.
We encourage you to read the merger agreement, which governs the
merger and is attached as Annex A to this joint
proxy statement/prospectus, because it sets forth the terms of
the merger.
Merger
Consideration
(page 83)
In the merger, holders of Alpha common stock (other than shares
of Alpha common stock held by any dissenting Alpha stockholder
that has properly exercised appraisal rights in accordance with
Delaware law, held in treasury by Alpha or owned by Cliffs) will
be entitled to receive for each share of Alpha common stock
(which will be cancelled in the merger):
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$22.23 in cash, without interest; and
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0.95 of a fully paid, nonassessable common share of Cliffs.
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8
As a result, Cliffs will issue approximately 70,000,000 common
shares of Cliffs and pay approximately $1.7 billion in cash
in the merger, based upon the number of shares of Alpha common
stock outstanding on the record date for the Alpha special
meeting. We refer to the share and cash consideration to be paid
to Alpha stockholders by Cliffs as the merger consideration.
The total value of the merger consideration that an Alpha
stockholder receives in the merger may vary. The value of the
cash portion of the merger consideration is fixed at $22.23 for
each share of Alpha common stock. The share portion of the
merger consideration is similarly fixed at 0.95 of a common
share of Cliffs to be exchanged for each share of Alpha common
stock, but its value may vary due to changes in the market value
of Cliffs common shares.
No fractional common shares of Cliffs will be issued in the
merger. Any holder of Alpha common stock that would otherwise be
entitled to receive fractional common shares of Cliffs as a
result of the exchange of Alpha common stock for Cliffs common
shares will receive, in lieu of any fractional shares, an amount
in cash, without interest, equal to the fractional share
interest multiplied by the closing price for a common share of
Cliffs as reported on the NYSE Composite Transactions Reports as
of the closing date of the merger or, if such date is not a
trading day, the trading day immediately preceding the closing
date of the merger.
Financing
of the
Merger
(page 94)
Cliffs will fund the cash portion of the merger consideration
with cash from committed debt financing in the form of a senior
unsecured term loan facility for up to $1.9 billion and
cash from operations.
Alphas
Reasons for the
Merger
(beginning on page 59)
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and
recommend the merger to its stockholders, the Alpha board of
directors consulted with Alphas management, as well as
Alphas legal and financial advisors, and considered a
number of factors, including those listed in The
Merger Alphas Reasons for the Merger and
Recommendation of Alphas Board of Directors
beginning on page 59.
Cliffs
Reasons for the
Merger
(beginning on page 62)
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and the
transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and to
recommend that Cliffs shareholders adopt the merger agreement
and approve the issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection
with the merger, the Cliffs board of directors consulted with
Cliffs management, as well as Cliffs legal and
financial advisors, and considered a number of factors,
including those listed in The Merger
Cliffs Reasons for the Merger and Recommendation of
Cliffs Board of Directors beginning on page 62.
Effect
of the Merger on Alpha Equity
Awards
(page 108)
In general, upon completion of the merger, options to purchase
shares of Alpha common stock will be converted into options to
purchase common shares of Cliffs. Cliffs has agreed to assume
each of Alphas stock option plans at the effective time of
the merger. Each unvested Alpha stock option outstanding under
any Alpha stock option plan will become fully vested and
exercisable in connection with the merger.
Restricted shares of Alpha common stock granted by Alpha to its
employees and directors will become fully vested in connection
with the merger and the holders thereof will be entitled to
receive the merger consideration with respect to such vested
shares upon completion of the merger.
Performance shares of Alpha common stock granted by Alpha to its
employees will vest according to the terms of the applicable
performance share agreement, and the holder of each performance
share agreement will be entitled to receive an amount in cash
equal to the product of (i) the sum of (A) $22.23 plus
(B) the product of 0.95 multiplied by the closing price for
a common share of Cliffs as reported on the NYSE Composite
Transactions Reports on the closing date of the merger or, if
such date is not a trading day, the trading day immediately
preceding the closing date of the merger, multiplied by
(ii) the number of shares of Alpha common stock that would
be issuable under such performance share agreement.
9
For a full description of the treatment of Alpha equity awards,
see The Merger Agreement Covenants and
Agreements Effect of the Merger on Alpha Equity
Awards on page 108.
Recommendations
of the Boards of Directors to Alpha Stockholders and Cliffs
Shareholders
Alpha Stockholders. The Alpha board of
directors believes that the merger agreement and the
transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the
merger, are advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of,
Alpha and its stockholders and has approved the merger agreement
and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement,
including the merger. The Alpha board of directors has resolved
to recommend that Alpha stockholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement.
Cliffs Shareholders. The Cliffs board of
directors believes that the merger agreement and the
transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the
merger, are advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of,
Cliffs and its shareholders and has approved the merger
agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement, including the merger. The Cliffs board of directors
has resolved to recommend that Cliffs shareholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the
approval of the issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the
merger agreement.
Opinions
of Financial Advisors (beginning on page 64 for
Alphas financial advisor and page 76 for Cliffs
financial advisor)
Opinion of Alphas Financial Advisor. In
deciding to approve the merger agreement, the Alpha board of
directors considered the oral opinion of Citigroup Global
Markets Inc., which is referred to as Citi, financial advisor to
the Alpha board of directors, delivered on July 15, 2008,
which was subsequently confirmed in writing on the same date, to
the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon
and subject to the considerations and limitations set forth in
the opinion, its work described below and other factors it
deemed relevant, the merger consideration was fair, from a
financial point of view, to the holders of Alpha common stock.
The full text of Citis opinion, which sets forth the
assumptions made, general procedures followed, matters
considered and limits on the review undertaken, is included as
Annex B to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Holders of Alpha common stock are urged to read the Citi opinion
carefully and in its entirety, as well as the information set
forth under Risk Factors beginning on page 27.
Citi provided its opinion for the information and assistance of
the Alpha board of directors in connection with its
consideration of the merger. Neither Citis opinion nor the
related analyses constituted a recommendation of the proposed
merger to the Alpha board of directors. Citi makes no
recommendation to any stockholder regarding how such stockholder
should vote with respect to the merger. For its services to
date, Citi has been paid a customary fee, and will be entitled
to receive a transaction fee upon the completion of the merger.
In addition, in the event that the merger is not completed and
Alpha receives termination or
break-up
fees, Citi will be entitled to a portion of such fees.
Opinion of Cliffs Financial Advisor. In
connection with the merger, the Cliffs board of directors
retained J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., which is referred to
as J.P. Morgan, as its financial advisor. In deciding to
approve the merger, the Cliffs board of directors considered the
oral opinion of J.P. Morgan provided to the Cliffs board of
directors on July 15, 2008, subsequently confirmed in
writing on the same date, that, as of the date of the opinion
and based upon and subject to the various factors and
assumptions set forth in the written opinion, the consideration
to be paid by Cliffs to Alpha stockholders in the proposed
merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to Cliffs. The
full text of J.P. Morgans written opinion, dated
July 15, 2008, is attached to this joint proxy
statement/prospectus as Annex C. Cliffs shareholders
are urged to read the J.P. Morgan opinion carefully in its
entirety for a description of, among other things, the
assumptions made, general procedures followed, matters
considered and limitations on the scope of the review undertaken
by J.P. Morgan in conducting its financial analysis and
rendering its opinion. J.P. Morgans opinion is
addressed to the Cliffs board of directors and is one of many
factors considered by the Cliffs board of directors in deciding
to approve the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement. J.P. Morgan provided its opinion for the
information and assistance of the Cliffs board of directors in
connection with its consideration of the merger, and the opinion
does not constitute a recommendation to any holder of Alpha
common stock or Cliffs common shares as to how that holder
should vote or act on any matter relating to the merger. For its
services, J.P. Morgan will be entitled to receive a
transaction fee, the principal portion of which is payable upon
the completion of the merger. In addition, in the event Alpha
pays a
break-up fee
or other payment to Cliffs
10
following or in connection with the termination, abandonment or
failure to consummate the merger, J.P. Morgan will be
entitled to a portion of such fee or other payment.
Record
Date; Outstanding Shares; Shares Entitled to Vote (page 40
for Alpha and page 44 for Cliffs)
Alpha Stockholders. The record date for the
meeting of Alpha stockholders is October 10, 2008. This
means that you must have been a stockholder of record of
Alphas common stock at the close of business on
October 10, 2008, in order to vote at the special meeting.
You are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock you
own. On Alphas record date, there were
70,495,814 shares of common stock (no shares of treasury
stock) outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting.
Cliffs Shareholders. The record date for the
meeting of Cliffs shareholders is October 6, 2008. This
means that you must have been a shareholder of record of
Cliffs common shares or
Series A-2
preferred stock at the close of business on October 6,
2008, in order to vote at the special meeting. You are entitled
to one vote for each common share or share of
Series A-2
preferred stock you own. On Cliffs record date,
Cliffs voting securities carried 113,502,668 votes, which
consisted of 113,502,463 common shares (excluding
21,121,065 shares of treasury stock) and 205 shares of
Series A-2
preferred stock.
Stock
Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers (page 83 for
Alpha and Cliffs)
Alpha. At the close of business on the record
date for the Alpha special meeting, directors and executive
officers of Alpha beneficially owned and were entitled to vote
approximately 651,036 shares of Alpha common stock,
collectively representing 0.92% of the shares of Alpha common
stock outstanding on that date.
Cliffs. At the close of business on the record
date for the Cliffs special meeting, directors and executive
officers of Cliffs beneficially owned and were entitled to vote
approximately 1,574,181 common shares of Cliffs, collectively
representing approximately 1.39% of the common shares of Cliffs
outstanding on that date. Directors and executive officers of
Cliffs did not hold any shares of
Series A-2
preferred stock as of the close of business on the record date.
Ownership
of the Combined Company After the Merger (beginning on
page 83)
Based on the number of common shares of Cliffs and shares of
Alpha common stock outstanding on their respective record dates,
and assuming that Cliffs will issue approximately
70,000,000 common shares of Cliffs in the merger, after the
merger, former Alpha stockholders are expected to own
approximately 37% of the then-outstanding common shares of
Cliffs.
Interests
of Alpha Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger
(beginning on page 84)
Alphas executive officers and members of the Alpha board
of directors, in their capacities as such, may have financial
interests in the merger that are in addition to or different
from their interests as stockholders of Alpha generally.
Alphas board of directors was aware of these interests and
considered them, among other matters, in approving the merger
agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.
Listing
of Cliffs Common Shares and Delisting of Alpha Common Stock
(page 87)
Application will be made to have the common shares of Cliffs
issued in the merger approved for listing on the NYSE, where
Cliffs common shares currently are traded under the symbol
CLF. If the merger is completed, Alpha common stock
will no longer be listed on the NYSE and will be deregistered
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which is
referred to as the Exchange Act, and Alpha may no longer file
periodic reports with the SEC.
Appraisal
Rights of Alpha Stockholders (beginning on
page 88)
Holders of Alpha common stock who do not wish to accept the
consideration payable pursuant to the merger may seek, under
Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware, which we refer to as the DGCL, judicial appraisal of
the fair value of their shares by the Delaware Court of
Chancery. This value could be
11
more than, less than or the same as the merger consideration for
the Alpha common stock. Failure to strictly comply with all the
procedures required by Section 262 of the DGCL will result
in a loss of the right to appraisal.
Merely voting against adoption of the merger agreement will not
preserve the right of Alpha stockholders to appraisal under
Delaware law. Also, because a submitted proxy not marked
against or abstain will be voted
for the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, the
submission of a proxy not marked against or
abstain will result in the waiver of appraisal
rights. Alpha stockholders who hold shares in the name of a
broker or other nominee must instruct their nominee to take the
steps necessary to enable them to demand appraisal for their
shares.
Annex D to this joint proxy statement/prospectus
contains the full text of Section 262 of the DGCL, which
relates to the rights of appraisal. We encourage you to read
these provisions carefully and in their entirety.
Dissenters
Rights of Cliffs Shareholders (beginning on
page 91)
Cliffs shareholders who (1) are record holders of the
Cliffs shares as of the record date; (2) do not vote to
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs
common shares in the merger, and (3) deliver a written
demand for payment of the fair cash value of their Cliffs shares
not later than ten days after the Cliffs special meeting, will
be entitled, if and when the merger is completed, to receive the
fair cash value of their Cliffs shares. The right as a Cliffs
shareholder to receive the fair cash value of Cliffs shares,
however, is contingent upon strict compliance by the dissenting
Cliffs shareholder with the procedures set forth in
Section 1701.85 of the Ohio General Corporation Law. If you
wish to submit a written demand for payment of the fair cash
value of your Cliffs shares, you should deliver your demand no
later
than ,
2008.
Annex E to this joint proxy statement/prospectus
contains the full text of Section 1701.85 of the Ohio
General Corporation Law, which relates to the dissenters
rights of Cliffs shareholders. We encourage you to read these
provisions carefully and in their entirety.
Conditions
to Completion of the Merger (page 93)
Completion of the merger depends on a number of conditions being
satisfied or waived. These conditions include the following:
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adoption of the merger agreement by the Alpha stockholders at
the Alpha special meeting;
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adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the issuance of
Cliffs common shares pursuant to the terms of the merger
agreement by the Cliffs shareholders at the Cliffs special
meeting;
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the waiting period (including any extension thereof) applicable
to the consummation of the merger under the
Hart-Scott-Rodino
Act, which is referred to as the HSR Act, must have expired or
been terminated, and antitrust clearance in Turkey must have
been obtained;
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making or obtaining consents, approvals, and actions of, filings
with and notices to, the governmental entities required to
consummate the merger and the other transactions contemplated by
the merger agreement, the failure of which to be made or
obtained is reasonably expected to have or result in a material
adverse effect on Cliffs or Alpha;
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absence of any order or law of any governmental authority
preventing the consummation of the merger;
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approval for listing on the NYSE, upon official notice of
issuance, of Cliffs common shares to be issued in connection
with the merger;
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continued effectiveness of the registration statement of which
this joint proxy statement/prospectus is a part and the absence
of any stop order or proceeding seeking a stop order by the SEC
suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement;
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accuracy of each partys representations and warranties in
the merger agreement, except as would not reasonably be expected
to have or result in a material adverse effect on the party
making the representations;
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12
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performance in all material respects of each partys
covenants set forth in the merger agreement required to be
performed by it at or prior to the closing date of the
merger; and
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delivery by both parties of customary officers
certificates and tax opinions.
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Antitrust
Clearances (page 93)
The completion of the merger is subject to compliance with the
HSR Act. The notifications required under the HSR Act to the
U.S. Federal Trade Commission, which is referred to as the
FTC, and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of
Justice, which is referred to as the Antitrust Division, were
filed on July 25, 2008. On August 22, 2008, the FTC
granted an early termination of the waiting period under the HSR
Act without the imposition of any conditions or restrictions on
the consummation of the merger.
In addition, Cliffs and Alpha were required to submit a
pre-merger notification in Turkey and obtain antitrust clearance
from the Turkish Competition Authority. The pre-merger
notification in Turkey was submitted on August 19, 2008,
and the antitrust clearance was granted by the Turkish
Competition Authority effective as of September 11, 2008.
Termination
of the Merger Agreement (beginning on page 111)
Cliffs and Alpha may agree in writing to terminate the merger
agreement at any time without completing the merger, even after
the Alpha stockholders have approved the adoption of the merger
agreement and the Cliffs shareholders have adopted the merger
agreement and approved the issuance of Cliffs common shares in
connection with the merger.
The merger agreement may also be terminated at any time before
the effective time of the merger under the following
circumstances, among others:
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by either Cliffs or Alpha if:
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the merger is not consummated by January 15, 2009, which
date can be extended under certain circumstances to
April 15, 2009 (we refer to such date, as possibly
extended, as the outside date), unless the failure to consummate
the merger by the outside date is the result of a breach of the
merger agreement by the party seeking the termination or if such
party has not yet held its special meeting of shareholders;
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the shareholders of Cliffs have voted and failed to adopt the
merger agreement and approve the issuance of common shares of
Cliffs pursuant to the merger agreement;
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the Alpha stockholders have voted and failed to adopt the merger
agreement; or
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the other party breaches its representations or warranties or
breaches or fails to perform its covenants set forth in the
merger agreement, which breach or failure to perform results in
a failure of certain of the conditions to the completion of the
merger being satisfied and such breach or failure to perform is
not cured within 30 days after the receipt of written
notice thereof or is incapable of being cured by the outside
date; or
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prior to the receipt of its stockholders approval of the
proposal to adopt the merger agreement, Alpha (i) receives
an unsolicited written proposal after the date of the merger
agreement concerning a business combination or acquisition of
Alpha that the Alpha board of directors determines in its good
faith judgment constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to
lead to, a proposal that is more favorable to the Alpha
stockholders than the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement, (ii) the Alpha board of directors determines in
good faith that failure to take such action would be reasonably
likely to be a violation of its fiduciary duties to Alpha
stockholders under applicable Delaware law, (iii) provides
Cliffs with a written notice that it intends to take such
action, (iv) satisfies the conditions for withdrawing (or
modifying in a manner adverse to Cliffs) the recommendation by
its board of directors of the merger or recommending such
superior proposal, and (v) concurrently with the
termination of the merger
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agreement, enters into an acquisition agreement with a third
party providing for the implementation of the transactions
contemplated by such superior proposal; provided that Alpha pays
a $350 million termination fee to Cliffs and such superior
proposal did not result from Alphas breach of its
non-solicitation obligations under the merger agreement;
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Cliffs materially breaches its covenants to convene the Cliffs
special meeting or breaches its obligations to recommend that
the Cliffs shareholders vote in favor of the adoption of the
merger agreement and the issuance of common shares in connection
with the merger; or
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the Cliffs board of directors or any committee thereof
(i) withdraws or modifies, or publicly proposes to withdraw
or modify, its recommendation that Cliffs shareholders
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs
common shares in connection with the merger, or
(ii) recommends, adopts or approves, or proposes publicly
to recommend, adopt or approve certain transactions involving
Cliffs; or
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Alpha materially breaches its obligations not to solicit
alternative takeover proposals or materially breaches its
covenants to convene the Alpha special meeting or breaches its
obligations to recommend that the Alpha stockholders vote in
favor of the adoption of the merger agreement; or
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the Alpha board of directors or any committee thereof
(i) withdraws or adversely modifies or publicly proposes to
withdraw or adversely modify, its recommendation of the merger
agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement, including the merger, or (ii) recommends, adopts
or approves, or proposes publicly to recommend, adopt or approve
a takeover proposal other than the merger agreement.
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Termination
Fees (beginning on page 113)
In connection with the termination of the merger agreement in
certain circumstances involving a takeover proposal by a third
party for Alpha, a change of the Alpha board of directors
recommendation to the Alpha stockholders in favor of the
adoption of the merger agreement, or certain breaches of the
merger agreement by Alpha, Alpha will be required to pay Cliffs
a termination fee of $350 million. Similarly, in connection
with the termination of the merger agreement in certain
circumstances involving certain alternative transactions for
Cliffs, a change of the Cliffs board of directors
recommendation to the Cliffs shareholders in favor of the
adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the merger,
or certain breaches of the merger agreement by Cliffs, Cliffs
will be required to pay Alpha a termination fee of
$350 million.
Furthermore, each party will have to pay a termination fee of
$100 million to the other party if its stockholders or
shareholders, as applicable, voting at their respective special
meetings, fail to approve the adoption of the merger agreement
(in the case of Alpha) or the adoption of the merger agreement
and the approval of the issuance of common shares of Cliffs in
connection with the merger (in the case of Cliffs), but no such
fee will be payable by such party if the shareholders of both
parties, voting at their respective special meetings, fail to
make such approvals.
Material
United States Federal Income Tax Consequences (beginning on
page 94)
Cliffs and Alpha intend for the merger to qualify as a
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. If the
merger qualifies as a reorganization, the U.S. federal
income tax consequences to Alpha stockholders generally will be
as follows: Alpha stockholders will generally recognize gain
only to the extent of the cash consideration that they receive,
and will not recognize any loss.
Tax matters are complicated, and the tax consequences of the
merger to each Alpha stockholder will depend on the facts of
each shareholders situation. Alpha stockholders are urged
to read carefully the discussion in the section titled
Material United States Federal Income Tax
Consequences beginning on page 94 and to consult
their own tax advisors for a full understanding of the tax
consequences of their participation in the merger.
14
Accounting
Treatment (page 94)
The merger will be accounted for as a business combination using
the purchase method of accounting. Cliffs will be
the acquirer for financial accounting purposes.
Risks
In evaluating the merger, the merger agreement or the issuance
of Cliffs common shares in the merger, you should carefully read
this joint proxy statement/prospectus and especially consider
the factors discussed in the section titled Risk
Factors beginning on page 27.
Comparison
of Rights of Shareholders (beginning on page 217)
As a result of the merger, the holders of Alpha common stock
will become holders of Cliffs common shares and their rights
will be governed by the Ohio General Corporation Law and by
Cliffs amended articles of incorporation and regulations.
Following the merger, Alpha stockholders will have different
rights as shareholders of Cliffs than as stockholders of Alpha.
Some of the material differences in the rights of Alpha
stockholders and Cliffs shareholders include, but are not
limited to, the following:
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subject to certain exceptions, amendments to Alphas
certificate of incorporation require approval by Alphas
board of directors and holders of a majority of the voting power
of the corporation (or, in cases in which class voting is
required, by holders of a majority of the voting power of such
class), while amendments to the Cliffs articles of
incorporation require approval by holders of two-thirds of the
voting power of the corporation (or, in cases in which class
voting is required, by holders of two-thirds of the voting power
of such class);
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the Alpha bylaws may be amended and repealed by the Alpha board
of directors, while the Cliffs board of directors does not have
the power to amend or repeal the Cliffs regulations;
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while the Alpha stockholders do not have the right to vote
cumulatively in the election of Alphas directors, the
Cliffs shareholders, in contrast, may vote cumulatively in the
election of Cliffs directors; and
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while any action by Alpha stockholders without a meeting
requires written consent of holders of not less than the minimum
number of votes otherwise required to authorize or take such
action at a meeting of the Alpha stockholders, generally, the
Cliffs shareholders may take action without a meeting only by
unanimous written consent of all shareholders entitled to vote
at such meeting.
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The foregoing list is not intended to be exhaustive, but, rather
serves as an illustration of some of the material differences in
the rights of Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders. For
further discussion of the material differences between the
rights of Alpha stockholders and Cliffs shareholders, please see
Comparison of Rights of Shareholders beginning on
page 217.
15
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
Cliffs
Market Price Data and Dividends
Cliffs common shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol
CLF. The following table shows the high and low
sales prices at any time during the period indicated for Cliffs
common shares as reported on the NYSE. For current price
information, you are urged to consult publicly available sources.
On May 9, 2006, the board of directors of Cliffs approved a
two-for-one stock split of its common shares. The record date
for the stock split was June 15, 2006 with a distribution
date of June 30, 2006. On March 11, 2008, the board of
directors of Cliffs declared a two-for-one stock split of its
common shares. The record date for the stock split was
May 1, 2008 with a distribution date of May 15, 2008.
Accordingly, unless indicated otherwise, all Cliffs common share
and per share amounts in this joint proxy statement/prospectus
that relate to dates prior to the stock splits have been
adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock splits.
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Price Range of Common shares
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Fiscal Year Ended
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High
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Low
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Dividends Paid
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December 31, 2006:
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First Quarter
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$
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27.59
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$
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20.13
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$
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0.05
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Second Quarter
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25.22
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15.70
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0.0625
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Third Quarter
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20.05
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|
16.58
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
24.74
|
|
|
|
18.42
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
32.42
|
|
|
|
23.00
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
46.03
|
|
|
|
32.10
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
45.00
|
|
|
|
28.20
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
53.15
|
|
|
|
36.75
|
|
|
|
0.0625
|
|
December 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
63.89
|
|
|
|
38.63
|
|
|
|
0.0875
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
121.95
|
|
|
|
57.32
|
|
|
|
0.0875
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
118.10
|
|
|
|
42.16
|
|
|
|
0.0875
|
|
Fourth Quarter (through October 14, 2008)
|
|
|
53.30
|
|
|
|
25.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
In addition, on September 9, 2008, Cliffs declared a
regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.0875 per Cliffs common
share that will be payable on December 1, 2008 to Cliffs
shareholders of record as of the close of business on
November 14, 2008.
The last reported sales prices of Cliffs common shares on the
NYSE on July 15, 2008 and October 14, 2008 were
$111.46 and $32.67, respectively. July 15, 2008 was the
last full trading day prior to the public announcement of the
merger. October 14, 2008 was the last full trading day
prior to the filing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus
with the SEC.
The Cliffs board of directors has the power to determine the
amount and frequency of the payment of dividends. Decisions
regarding whether or not to pay dividends and the amount of any
dividends are based on compliance with the Ohio General
Corporation Law, compliance with agreements governing
Cliffs indebtedness, earnings, cash requirements, results
of operations, cash flows, financial condition and other factors
that the board of directors considers important. While Cliffs
intends to maintain dividends at this level for the foreseeable
future, it cannot assure that it will continue to pay dividends
at this level, or at all.
Under the merger agreement, Cliffs has agreed that, until the
effective time of the merger, it will not declare, set aside or
pay any dividends on, or make any other distributions in respect
of, any of its capital stock, other than regular quarterly cash
dividends with respect to Cliffs common shares not in excess of
$0.25 per share and
Series A-2
preferred stock in accordance with the terms thereof.
16
Alpha
Market Price Data and Dividends
Alpha common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol
ANR. The following table shows the high and low
sales prices at any time during the period indicated for Alpha
common stock on the NYSE. For current price information, you are
urged to consult publicly available sources.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price Range of Common Stock
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
December 31, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$
|
23.60
|
|
|
$
|
19.25
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
27.46
|
|
|
|
17.88
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
20.18
|
|
|
|
14.41
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
17.07
|
|
|
|
14.09
|
|
December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
15.85
|
|
|
|
12.32
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
21.07
|
|
|
|
15.43
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
23.50
|
|
|
|
15.92
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
35.20
|
|
|
|
22.78
|
|
December 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
44.58
|
|
|
|
21.92
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
108.73
|
|
|
|
40.05
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
119.30
|
|
|
|
42.68
|
|
Fourth Quarter (through October 14, 2008)
|
|
|
50.69
|
|
|
|
28.05
|
|
The last reported sales prices Alpha common stock on the NYSE on
July 15, 2008, and October 14, 2008 were $94.92 and
$38.41, respectively. July 15, 2008 was the last full
trading day prior to the public announcement of the merger.
October 14, 2008 was the last full trading day prior to the
filing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus with the SEC.
The Alpha board of directors has the power to determine the
amount and frequency of the payment of dividends. Decisions
regarding whether or not to pay dividends and the amount of any
dividends are based on compliance with the DGCL, compliance with
agreements governing Alphas indebtedness, earnings, cash
requirements, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and other factors that the board of directors
considers important. Alpha does not currently pay dividends.
While Alpha anticipates that if the merger were not consummated
it would continue not to pay dividends, it cannot assure that is
the case. Under the merger agreement, until the closing of the
merger Alpha is not permitted to declare, set aside or pay any
dividends on, or make any other distributions in respect of, any
of its capital stock.
17
Selected
Historical Consolidated Financial Data of Cliffs
The following table shows selected historical financial data for
Cliffs. The selected financial data as of December 31,
2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2003 and for each of the five years
then ended were derived from the audited historical consolidated
financial statements and related footnotes of Cliffs. The data
as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
were derived from Cliffs unaudited condensed consolidated
financial statements. In the opinion of management, the
unaudited financial information as of and for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 includes all adjustments,
consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary to
present fairly the data for such periods. The operating results
for the six months ended June 30, 2008 are not necessarily
indicative of results for the full year ending December 31,
2008.
Detailed historical financial information is included in the
audited consolidated statements of financial position as of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated
statements of operations, shareholders equity and cash
flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2007 and the unaudited condensed consolidated
statements of financial position as of June 30, 2008 and
the related unaudited condensed consolidated statements of
operations and cash flows for the six-month periods ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007 included elsewhere in this joint
proxy statement/prospectus. You should read the following
selected financial data together with Cliffs historical
consolidated financial statements, including the related notes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008(b)
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007(a)
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005(b)
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
Financial Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue from product sales and services
|
|
$
|
1,503.1
|
|
|
$
|
873.1
|
|
|
$
|
2,275.2
|
|
|
$
|
1,921.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,739.5
|
|
|
$
|
1,203.1
|
|
|
$
|
825.1
|
|
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
|
|
|
(994.3
|
)
|
|
|
(681.7
|
)
|
|
|
(1,813.2
|
)
|
|
|
(1,507.7
|
)
|
|
|
(1,350.5
|
)
|
|
|
(1,053.6
|
)
|
|
|
(835.0
|
)
|
Other operating income (expense)
|
|
|
(56.6
|
)
|
|
|
(30.6
|
)
|
|
|
(80.4
|
)
|
|
|
(48.3
|
)
|
|
|
(32.5
|
)
|
|
|
(31.9
|
)
|
|
|
(38.4
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
452.2
|
|
|
|
160.8
|
|
|
|
381.6
|
|
|
|
365.7
|
|
|
|
356.5
|
|
|
|
117.6
|
|
|
|
(48.3
|
)
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
287.2
|
|
|
|
119.4
|
|
|
|
269.8
|
|
|
|
279.8
|
|
|
|
273.2
|
|
|
|
320.2
|
|
|
|
(34.9
|
)
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before extraordinary gain and cumulative effect of
accounting change
|
|
|
287.2
|
|
|
|
119.4
|
|
|
|
270.0
|
|
|
|
280.1
|
|
|
|
272.4
|
|
|
|
323.6
|
|
|
|
(34.9
|
)
|
Extraordinary gain(g)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
Cumulative effect of accounting changes(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
287.2
|
|
|
|
119.4
|
|
|
|
270.0
|
|
|
|
280.1
|
|
|
|
277.6
|
|
|
|
323.6
|
|
|
|
(32.7
|
)
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
(1.3
|
)
|
|
|
(2.8
|
)
|
|
|
(5.2
|
)
|
|
|
(5.6
|
)
|
|
|
(5.6
|
)
|
|
|
(5.3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) applicable to common shares
|
|
|
285.9
|
|
|
|
116.6
|
|
|
|
264.8
|
|
|
|
274.5
|
|
|
|
272.0
|
|
|
|
318.3
|
|
|
|
(32.7
|
)
|
Earnings (loss) per common share basic(d)(e)(f)
Continuing operations
|
|
|
3.04
|
|
|
|
1.43
|
|
|
|
3.19
|
|
|
|
3.26
|
|
|
|
3.08
|
|
|
|
3.70
|
|
|
|
(.43
|
)
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.01
|
)
|
|
|
.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of accounting changes and extraordinary gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.06
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per common share
|
|
|
3.04
|
|
|
|
1.43
|
|
|
|
3.19
|
|
|
|
3.26
|
|
|
|
3.13
|
|
|
|
3.74
|
|
|
|
(.40
|
)
|
Earnings (loss) per common share diluted(d)(e)(f)
Continuing operations
|
|
|
2.73
|
|
|
|
1.14
|
|
|
|
2.57
|
|
|
|
2.60
|
|
|
|
2.46
|
|
|
|
2.92
|
|
|
|
(.43
|
)
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.01
|
)
|
|
|
.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of accounting changes and extraordinary gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.05
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per common share diluted(d)(e)(f)
|
|
|
2.73
|
|
|
|
1.14
|
|
|
|
2.57
|
|
|
|
2.60
|
|
|
|
2.50
|
|
|
|
2.95
|
|
|
|
(.40
|
)
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
4,046.9
|
|
|
$
|
2,221.0
|
|
|
$
|
3,075.8
|
|
|
$
|
1,939.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,746.7
|
|
|
$
|
1,232.3
|
|
|
$
|
881.6
|
|
Debt obligations effectively serviced
|
|
|
774.8
|
|
|
|
158.6
|
|
|
|
505.8
|
|
|
|
47.2
|
|
|
|
49.6
|
|
|
|
9.1
|
|
|
|
34.6
|
|
Net cash from (used by) operating activities
|
|
|
82.9
|
|
|
|
(37.7
|
)
|
|
|
288.9
|
|
|
|
428.5
|
|
|
|
514.6
|
|
|
|
(141.4
|
)
|
|
|
42.7
|
|
Series A-2
preferred stock
|
|
|
19.6
|
|
|
|
172.3
|
|
|
|
134.7
|
|
|
|
172.3
|
|
|
|
172.5
|
|
|
|
172.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to preferred shareholders cash dividends
|
|
|
1.3
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
|
|
|
5.5
|
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to common shareholders cash dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per share(d)(e)(f)
|
|
|
.18
|
|
|
|
.13
|
|
|
|
.25
|
|
|
|
.24
|
|
|
|
.15
|
|
|
|
.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
20.9
|
|
|
|
20.2
|
|
|
|
13.1
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchases of common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
121.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008(b)
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007(a)
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005(b)
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
Iron ore and coal production and sales statistics (tons in
millions North America; tonnes in
millions Asia-Pacific)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production tonnage North American iron ore
|
|
|
18.0
|
|
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
|
34.6
|
|
|
|
33.6
|
|
|
|
35.9
|
|
|
|
34.4
|
|
|
|
30.3
|
|
North American coal
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia-Pacific iron ore
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
7.7
|
|
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production tonnage North American iron ore
(Cliffs share)
|
|
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
21.8
|
|
|
|
20.8
|
|
|
|
22.1
|
|
|
|
21.7
|
|
|
|
18.1
|
|
Sales tonnage North American iron ore
|
|
|
8.2
|
|
|
|
7.9
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
|
|
20.4
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
|
|
19.2
|
|
North American coal
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia-Pacific iron ore
|
|
|
3.9
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
|
|
7.4
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares outstanding (millions)(d)(e)(f)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average for period
|
|
|
94.0
|
|
|
|
81.4
|
|
|
|
83.0
|
|
|
|
84.1
|
|
|
|
86.9
|
|
|
|
85.2
|
|
|
|
82.0
|
|
At period end
|
|
|
102.6
|
|
|
|
82.0
|
|
|
|
87.2
|
|
|
|
81.8
|
|
|
|
87.6
|
|
|
|
86.4
|
|
|
|
84.0
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
On July 31, 2007, Cliffs completed the acquisition of
Cliffs North American Coal LLC (formerly PinnOak), a producer of
high-quality, low-volatile metallurgical coal. Results for 2007
include PinnOaks results since the acquisition. |
|
|
|
(b) |
|
On April 19, 2005, Cliffs completed the acquisition of
80.4 percent of Portman, an iron ore mining company in
Australia. The acquisition was initiated on March 31, 2005
by the purchase of approximately 68.7 percent of
Portmans outstanding shares. Results for 2005 include
Portmans results since the acquisition. On May 21,
2008, Portman authorized a tender offer to repurchase up to
16.5 million shares, or 9.39 percent of its common
stock, and as a result of the repurchase of shares pursuant to
the tender offer, Cliffs ownership interest in Portman
increased from 80.4 percent to 85.2 percent on
June 24, 2008. See Information about
Cliffs Business Strategic
Transformation on page 116. |
|
|
|
(c) |
|
Effective January 1, 2005, Cliffs adopted Emerging Issues
Task Force, or EITF,
04-6,
Accounting for Stripping Costs Incurred during Production
in the Mining Industry. |
|
|
|
(d) |
|
On March 11, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors declared a
two-for-one stock split of Cliffs common shares. The record date
for the stock split was May 1, 2008 with a distribution
date of May 15, 2008. Accordingly, all common shares and
per share amounts for all periods presented have been adjusted
retroactively to reflect the stock split. |
|
|
|
(e) |
|
On May 9, 2006, the board of directors of Cliffs approved a
two-for-one stock split of its common shares. The record date
for the stock split was June 15, 2006 with a distribution
date of June 30, 2006. Accordingly, all common shares and
per share amounts for all periods presented have been adjusted
retroactively to reflect the stock split. |
|
|
|
(f) |
|
On November 9, 2004, the board of directors of Cliffs
approved a two-for-one stock split of its common shares. The
record date for the stock split was December 15, 2004, with
a distribution date of December 31, 2004. Accordingly, all
common shares and per share amounts for all periods presented
have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split. |
|
|
|
(g) |
|
In 2003, Cliffs recognized a $2.2 million extraordinary
gain in conjunction with the acquisition of the assets of
Eveleth Mines; $3.3 million acquisition and startup costs
for this same mine, renamed United Taconite LLC, which is
referred to as United Taconite, and $8.7 million of
restructuring charges related to a salaried employee reduction
program. |
19
Selected
Historical Consolidated Financial Data of Alpha
The following table shows selected historical financial and
other data for Alpha. The selected financial data as of
December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, and for the years then
ended has been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements and related footnotes of Alpha. The selected
historical financial data as of December 31, 2004 and for
the year then ended has been derived from the combined financial
statements of ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P. and Alpha NR
Holding, Inc. and subsidiaries (the owners of a majority of the
membership interests of ANR Holdings, LLC prior to the
February 11, 2005 restructuring) and the related notes,
which are not included or incorporated by reference in this
joint proxy statement/prospectus. The selected historical
financial data as of December 31, 2003 and for the year
then ended has been derived from the audited combined balance
sheet of ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P. and Alpha NR Holding,
Inc. and subsidiaries, which are not included or incorporated by
reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The data as
of and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 has
been derived from Alphas unaudited condensed consolidated
financial statements included in Alphas quarterly report
on
Form 10-Q
for the period ended June 30, 2008 incorporated by
reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and, in the
opinion of Alphas management, includes all adjustments,
consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary to
present fairly the data for such periods. The operating results
for the six months ended June 30, 2008 are not necessarily
indicative of results for the full year ending December 31,
2008.
Detailed historical financial information included in the
audited consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2007
and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income,
stockholders equity and partners capital and
comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in
the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, are included
in Alphas Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and
incorporated by reference in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus. You should read the following selected
financial data together with Alphas historical
consolidated financial statements, including the related notes,
and the other information contained or incorporated by reference
in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. See Where You
Can Find More Information beginning on page 239.
Prior period coal revenues and cost of coal sales have been
reclassified to exclude changes in the fair value of coal and
diesel fuel derivatives contracts to conform to current year
presentation. These reclassification adjustments had no effect
on previously reported income from operations or net income.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANR Fund IX Holdings,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.P. and Alpha NR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
|
|
|
Holding, Inc. and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share and per ton data)
|
|
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal revenues
|
|
$
|
1,077,555
|
|
|
$
|
767,362
|
|
|
$
|
1,647,505
|
|
|
$
|
1,681,434
|
|
|
$
|
1,413,174
|
|
|
$
|
1,079,981
|
|
|
$
|
694,596
|
|
Freight and handling revenues
|
|
|
145,187
|
|
|
|
84,799
|
|
|
|
205,086
|
|
|
|
188,366
|
|
|
|
185,555
|
|
|
|
141,100
|
|
|
|
73,800
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
26,385
|
|
|
|
13,778
|
|
|
|
33,241
|
|
|
|
34,743
|
|
|
|
27,926
|
|
|
|
28,347
|
|
|
|
13,453
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,249,127
|
|
|
|
865,939
|
|
|
|
1,885,832
|
|
|
|
1,904,543
|
|
|
|
1,626,655
|
|
|
|
1,249,428
|
|
|
|
781,849
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs and expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of coal sales (exclusive of items shown separately)
|
|
|
824,635
|
|
|
|
635,204
|
|
|
|
1,371,519
|
|
|
|
1,346,733
|
|
|
|
1,184,092
|
|
|
|
920,359
|
|
|
|
626,265
|
|
Increase in fair value of derivative instruments, net
|
|
|
(23,200
|
)
|
|
|
(840
|
)
|
|
|
(8,926
|
)
|
|
|
(402
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Freight and handling costs
|
|
|
145,187
|
|
|
|
84,799
|
|
|
|
205,086
|
|
|
|
188,366
|
|
|
|
185,555
|
|
|
|
141,100
|
|
|
|
73,800
|
|
Cost of other revenues
|
|
|
23,125
|
|
|
|
10,396
|
|
|
|
25,817
|
|
|
|
22,982
|
|
|
|
23,675
|
|
|
|
22,994
|
|
|
|
12,488
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
89,170
|
|
|
|
73,644
|
|
|
|
159,579
|
|
|
|
140,851
|
|
|
|
73,122
|
|
|
|
55,261
|
|
|
|
35,385
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of
depreciation and amortization shown separately above)
|
|
|
36,086
|
|
|
|
27,221
|
|
|
|
58,605
|
|
|
|
67,952
|
|
|
|
88,132
|
|
|
|
40,607
|
|
|
|
21,926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total costs and expenses
|
|
|
1,095,003
|
|
|
|
830,424
|
|
|
|
1,811,680
|
|
|
|
1,766,482
|
|
|
|
1,554,576
|
|
|
|
1,180,321
|
|
|
|
769,864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from operations
|
|
|
154,124
|
|
|
|
35,515
|
|
|
|
74,152
|
|
|
|
138,061
|
|
|
|
72,079
|
|
|
|
69,107
|
|
|
|
11,985
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANR Fund IX Holdings,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.P. and Alpha NR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
|
|
|
Holding, Inc. and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share and per ton data)
|
|
|
Other income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(27,184
|
)
|
|
|
(20,023
|
)
|
|
|
(40,215
|
)
|
|
|
(41,774
|
)
|
|
|
(29,937
|
)
|
|
|
(20,041
|
)
|
|
|
(7,848
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
3,023
|
|
|
|
1,094
|
|
|
|
2,340
|
|
|
|
839
|
|
|
|
1,064
|
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
|
103
|
|
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
|
|
(14,669
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous income (expense)
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
554
|
|
|
|
(93
|
)
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income (expense), net
|
|
|
(38,828
|
)
|
|
|
(18,375
|
)
|
|
|
(37,968
|
)
|
|
|
(40,412
|
)
|
|
|
(28,782
|
)
|
|
|
(18,788
|
)
|
|
|
(7,171
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interest
|
|
|
115,296
|
|
|
|
17,140
|
|
|
|
36,184
|
|
|
|
97,649
|
|
|
|
43,297
|
|
|
|
50,319
|
|
|
|
4,814
|
|
Income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
15,630
|
|
|
|
4,131
|
|
|
|
8,629
|
|
|
|
(30,519
|
)
|
|
|
18,953
|
|
|
|
5,150
|
|
|
|
898
|
|
Minority interest
|
|
|
(201
|
)
|
|
|
(87
|
)
|
|
|
(179
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,918
|
|
|
|
22,781
|
|
|
|
1,164
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
99,867
|
|
|
|
13,096
|
|
|
|
27,734
|
|
|
|
128,168
|
|
|
|
21,426
|
|
|
|
22,388
|
|
|
|
2,752
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(213
|
)
|
|
|
(2,373
|
)
|
|
|
(490
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
99,867
|
|
|
$
|
13,096
|
|
|
$
|
27,734
|
|
|
$
|
128,168
|
|
|
$
|
21,213
|
|
|
$
|
20,015
|
|
|
$
|
2,262
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share, as adjusted(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
1.48
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
|
$
|
2.00
|
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|
$
|
1.52
|
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per basic share
|
|
$
|
1.48
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
|
$
|
2.00
|
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per diluted share
|
|
$
|
1.46
|
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
|
$
|
2.00
|
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net income (loss) per share(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.35
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.07
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per basic and diluted share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.35
|
|
|
$
|
0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet data (at period end):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
406,494
|
|
|
$
|
8,655
|
|
|
$
|
54,365
|
|
|
$
|
33,256
|
|
|
$
|
39,622
|
|
|
$
|
7,391
|
|
|
$
|
11,246
|
|
Operating and working capital
|
|
|
311,857
|
|
|
|
109,926
|
|
|
|
157,147
|
|
|
|
116,464
|
|
|
|
35,074
|
|
|
|
56,257
|
|
|
|
32,714
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
1,678,936
|
|
|
|
1,146,198
|
|
|
|
1,210,914
|
|
|
|
1,145,793
|
|
|
|
1,013,658
|
|
|
|
477,121
|
|
|
|
379,336
|
|
Notes payable and long-term debt, including current portion
|
|
|
545,596
|
|
|
|
445,134
|
|
|
|
446,913
|
|
|
|
445,651
|
|
|
|
485,803
|
|
|
|
201,705
|
|
|
|
84,964
|
|
Stockholders equity and partners capital
|
|
|
666,744
|
|
|
|
364,889
|
|
|
|
380,836
|
|
|
|
344,049
|
|
|
|
212,765
|
|
|
|
45,933
|
|
|
|
86,367
|
|
Statement of cash flows data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
179,437
|
|
|
$
|
102,308
|
|
|
$
|
225,741
|
|
|
$
|
210,081
|
|
|
$
|
149,643
|
|
|
$
|
106,776
|
|
|
$
|
54,104
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
(73,851
|
)
|
|
|
(113,763
|
)
|
|
|
(165,203
|
)
|
|
|
(160,046
|
)
|
|
|
(339,387
|
)
|
|
|
(86,202
|
)
|
|
|
(100,072
|
)
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
246,543
|
|
|
|
(13,146
|
)
|
|
|
(39,429
|
)
|
|
|
(56,401
|
)
|
|
|
221,975
|
|
|
|
(24,429
|
)
|
|
|
48,770
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
(74,207
|
)
|
|
|
(71,655
|
)
|
|
|
(126,381
|
)
|
|
|
(131,943
|
)
|
|
|
(122,342
|
)
|
|
|
(72,046
|
)
|
|
|
(27,719
|
)
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANR Fund IX Holdings,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.P. and Alpha NR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alpha Natural Resources, Inc.
|
|
|
Holding, Inc. and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share and per ton data)
|
|
|
Other data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Produced/processed
|
|
|
12,264
|
|
|
|
12,323
|
|
|
|
24,203
|
|
|
|
24,827
|
|
|
|
20,602
|
|
|
|
19,069
|
|
|
|
17,199
|
|
Purchased
|
|
|
2,521
|
|
|
|
1,584
|
|
|
|
4,189
|
|
|
|
4,090
|
|
|
|
6,284
|
|
|
|
6,543
|
|
|
|
3,938
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
14,785
|
|
|
|
13,907
|
|
|
|
28,392
|
|
|
|
28,917
|
|
|
|
26,886
|
|
|
|
25,612
|
|
|
|
21,137
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons Sold:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steam
|
|
|
8,337
|
|
|
|
8,586
|
|
|
|
17,565
|
|
|
|
19,050
|
|
|
|
16,674
|
|
|
|
15,836
|
|
|
|
14,809
|
|
Met
|
|
|
6,270
|
|
|
|
4,882
|
|
|
|
10,980
|
|
|
|
10,029
|
|
|
|
10,023
|
|
|
|
9,490
|
|
|
|
6,804
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
14,607
|
|
|
|
13,468
|
|
|
|
28,545
|
|
|
|
29,079
|
|
|
|
26,697
|
|
|
|
25,326
|
|
|
|
21,613
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal sales realization/ton:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steam
|
|
$
|
50.83
|
|
|
$
|
48.42
|
|
|
$
|
48.75
|
|
|
$
|
48.73
|
|
|
$
|
41.33
|
|
|
$
|
32.66
|
|
|
$
|
27.14
|
|
Met
|
|
$
|
104.27
|
|
|
$
|
72.02
|
|
|
$
|
72.07
|
|
|
$
|
75.09
|
|
|
$
|
72.24
|
|
|
$
|
59.31
|
|
|
$
|
37.35
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
73.77
|
|
|
$
|
56.98
|
|
|
$
|
57.72
|
|
|
$
|
57.82
|
|
|
$
|
52.93
|
|
|
$
|
42.64
|
|
|
$
|
32.14
|
|
Cost of coal sales/ton
|
|
$
|
56.45
|
|
|
$
|
47.16
|
|
|
$
|
48.05
|
|
|
$
|
46.31
|
|
|
$
|
44.35
|
|
|
$
|
36.34
|
|
|
$
|
28.98
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal margin/ton
|
|
$
|
17.32
|
|
|
$
|
9.82
|
|
|
$
|
9.67
|
|
|
$
|
11.51
|
|
|
$
|
8.58
|
|
|
$
|
6.30
|
|
|
$
|
3.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income or
loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock
outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share is
computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average
number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock
equivalents outstanding during the periods. Common stock
equivalents include the number of shares issuable on exercise of
outstanding options less the number of shares that could have
been purchased with the proceeds from the exercise of the
options based on the average price of common stock during the
period. Due to the internal restructuring on February 11,
2005 and initial public offering of common stock completed on
February 18, 2005, the calculation of earnings per share
for 2005, 2004, and 2003 reflects certain adjustments, as
described below. |
|
|
|
The numerator for purposes of computing basic and diluted net
income (loss) per share, as adjusted, includes the reported net
income (loss) and a pro forma adjustment for income taxes to
reflect the pro forma income taxes for ANR Fund IX
Holdings, L.P.s portion of reported pre-tax income (loss),
which would have been recorded if the issuance of the shares of
common stock received by ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P. and
Alpha NR Holding, Inc. in exchange for their ownership in ANR
Holdings in connection with the February 11, 2005
restructuring had occurred as of January 1, 2003. For
purposes of the computation of basic and diluted net income
(loss) per share, as adjusted, the pro forma adjustment for
income taxes only applies to the percentage interest owned by
ANR Fund IX Holding, L.P, the nontaxable affiliate. No pro
forma adjustment for income taxes is required for the percentage
interest owned by Alpha NR Holding, Inc., because income taxes
have already been recorded in the historical results of
operations. Furthermore, no pro forma adjustment to reported net
income (loss) is necessary subsequent to February 11, 2005
because Alpha is subject to income taxes. |
|
|
|
The denominator for purposes of computing basic net income
(loss) per share, as adjusted, reflects the retroactive impact
of the common shares received by ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P.
and Alpha NR Holding, Inc. in exchange for their ownership in
ANR Holdings in connection with the internal restructuring on a
weighted-average outstanding share basis as being outstanding as
of January 1, 2003. The common shares issued to the
minority interest owners of ANR Holdings in connection with the
internal restructuring, including the immediately vested shares
granted to management, have been reflected as being outstanding
as of February 11, 2005 for purposes of computing the basic
net income (loss) per share, as adjusted. The unvested shares
granted to management on February 11, 2005 that vest
monthly over the two-year period from January 1, 2005 to
December 31, 2006 are included in the basic net income
(loss) per share, as adjusted, computation as they vest on a
weighted-average outstanding share basis starting on
February 11, 2005. The 33,925,000 new shares issued in
connection with the initial public offering have been reflected
as being outstanding since February 14, 2005, |
22
|
|
|
|
|
the date of the initial public offering, for purposes of
computing the basic net income (loss) per share, as adjusted. |
|
|
|
The unvested shares issued to management are considered options
for purposes of computing diluted net income (loss) per share,
as adjusted. Therefore, for diluted purposes, all remaining
unvested shares granted to management are added to the
denominator subsequent to February 11, 2005 using the
treasury stock method, if the effect is dilutive. In addition,
the treasury stock method is used for outstanding stock options,
if dilutive, beginning with the November 10, 2004 grant of
options to management to purchase units in Alpha Coal
Management, LLC that were automatically converted into options
to purchase up to 596,985 shares of Alpha common stock at
an exercise price of $12.73 per share. |
|
|
|
The computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per
share, as adjusted for 2005, 2004, and 2003 are set forth below: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
21,426
|
|
|
$
|
22,388
|
|
|
$
|
2,752
|
|
Deduct: Income tax effect of ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P.
income from continuing operations prior to internal restructuring
|
|
|
(91
|
)
|
|
|
(1,149
|
)
|
|
|
(138
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, as adjusted
|
|
|
21,335
|
|
|
|
21,239
|
|
|
|
2,614
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(213
|
)
|
|
|
(2,373
|
)
|
|
|
(490
|
)
|
Add: Income tax effect of ANR Fund IX Holdings, L.P. loss
from discontinued operations prior to internal restructuring
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
149
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations, as adjusted
|
|
|
(211
|
)
|
|
|
(2,224
|
)
|
|
|
(463
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income, as adjusted
|
|
$
|
21,124
|
|
|
$
|
19,015
|
|
|
$
|
2,151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares basic
|
|
|
55,664,081
|
|
|
|
13,998,911
|
|
|
|
13,998,911
|
|
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock grants
|
|
|
385,465
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares diluted
|
|
|
56,049,546
|
|
|
|
13,998,911
|
|
|
|
13,998,911
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share, as adjusted basic and
diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, as adjusted
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|
$
|
1.52
|
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations, as adjusted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
(0.04
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share, as adjusted
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Pro forma net income (loss) per share gives effect to the
following transactions as if each of these transactions had
occurred on January 1, 2004: the Nicewonder acquisition and
related debt refinancing in October 2005, the February 11,
2005 restructuring and initial public offering in February 2005,
the issuance in May 2004 of $175.0 million principal amount
of 10% senior notes due 2012, and the entry into a
$175.0 million revolving credit facility in May 2004. |
23
Selected
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Data
The following selected unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated financial data of Cliffs and Alpha give effect to
the merger as if the merger had been completed as of
January 1, 2007, with respect to the pro forma results of
operations data, and as of June 30, 2008, with respect to
the pro forma balance sheet data.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial data should be read in conjunction with the historical
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Cliffs,
which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, and Alpha, which are incorporated by
reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and the
other information contained or incorporated by reference in this
joint proxy statement/prospectus. See Where You Can Find
More Information beginning on page 239 and Financial
Statements and Information beginning on page F-i.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial data reflect the purchase method of accounting, with
Cliffs treated as the acquirer. The following unaudited pro
forma condensed consolidated financial data reflect adjustments,
which are based upon preliminary estimates, to allocate the
purchase price to Alphas net assets. The purchase price
allocation reflected herein is preliminary, and final allocation
of the purchase price will be based upon the actual purchase
price and the actual assets and liabilities of Alpha as of the
date of the completion of the merger. Accordingly, the actual
purchase accounting adjustments may differ materially from the
pro forma adjustments reflected herein.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial data is presented for illustrative purposes only and
is not necessarily indicative of what the combined
companys actual financial position or results of
operations would have been had the merger been completed on the
dates indicated above. The following unaudited pro forma
condensed consolidated financial data does not give effect to
(1) Cliffs or Alphas results of operations or
other transactions or developments since June 30, 2008,
(2) the synergies, cost savings and one-time charges
expected to result from the merger, or (3) the effects of
transactions or developments, including sales or purchases of
assets, which may occur subsequent to the merger. The foregoing
matters could cause both Cliffs pro forma historical
financial position and results of operations, and the combined
companys actual future financial position and results of
operations, to differ materially from those presented in the
following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial
data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except
|
|
|
(In millions, except
|
|
|
|
per share data)
|
|
|
per share data)
|
|
|
Results of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
$
|
3,099.5
|
|
|
$
|
4,910.1
|
|
Earnings from operations
|
|
|
382.1
|
|
|
|
358.9
|
|
Diluted earnings per share from operations
|
|
|
2.18
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
18,343.6
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
1,537.3
|
|
Notes and non-current obligations
|
|
|
7,556.2
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
9,042.2
|
|
24
COMPARATIVE
PER SHARE INFORMATION
The following tables set forth for the periods presented certain
per share data separately for Cliffs and Alpha on a historical
basis, on an unaudited pro forma combined basis per Cliffs
common share and on an unaudited pro forma combined basis per
equivalent share of common stock of Alpha. The following
unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data should
be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated
financial statements and notes thereto of Cliffs, which are
included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and
Alpha, which are incorporated by reference in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, and the other information contained or
incorporated by reference in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus. See Where You Can Find More
Information beginning on page 239 and Financial
Statements and Information beginning on page F-i.
The unaudited pro forma combined data per Cliffs common share
are based upon the historical weighted average number of Cliffs
common shares outstanding, adjusted to include the estimated
number of Cliffs common shares to be issued in the merger. See
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Information beginning on page 226. We have based the
unaudited pro forma combined data per Alpha equivalent common
share on the unaudited pro forma combined per Cliffs common
share amounts, multiplied by the exchange ratio of 0.95. The
exchange ratio does not include the $22.23 per share cash
portion of the merger consideration. This data shows how each
share of Alpha common stock would have participated in the
income from continuing operations and book value of Cliffs if
the companies had always been consolidated for accounting and
financial reporting purposes for all periods presented. These
amounts, however, are not intended to reflect future per share
levels of income from continuing operations and book value of
the combined company.
The following unaudited pro forma data reflect the purchase
method of accounting, with Cliffs treated as the acquirer. The
following unaudited pro forma data reflect adjustments, which
are based upon preliminary estimates, to allocate the purchase
price to Alphas net assets. The purchase price allocation
reflected herein is preliminary, and final allocation of the
purchase price will be based upon the actual purchase price and
the actual assets and liabilities of Alpha as of the date of the
completion of the merger. Accordingly, the actual purchase
accounting adjustments may differ from the pro forma adjustments
reflected herein.
The following unaudited pro forma data are presented for
illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of
what the combined companys actual financial position or
results of operations would have been had the merger been
completed on the dates indicated above. The following unaudited
pro forma data do not give effect to (1) Cliffs or
Alphas results of operations or other transactions or
developments since December 31, 2007, (2) the
synergies, cost savings and one-time charges expected to result
from the merger, or (3) the effects of transactions or
developments, including sales of assets, which may occur
subsequent to the merger. The foregoing matters could cause both
Cliffs pro forma historical financial position and results
of operations, and Cliffs actual future financial position
and results of operations, to differ materially from those
presented in the following unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated financial data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cliffs
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical per
|
|
|
Historical per
|
|
|
Cliffs
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
Share Data
|
|
|
Share Data
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
At or for the Year Ended December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
3.19
|
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
|
$
|
2.05
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
2.57
|
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
|
$
|
2.04
|
|
|
$
|
1.81
|
|
Cash dividends declared per common share
|
|
$
|
.25
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
.25
|
|
|
$
|
.24
|
|
Book value per common share
|
|
$
|
13.35
|
|
|
$
|
5.79
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cliffs
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical per
|
|
|
Historical per
|
|
|
Cliffs
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
Share Data
|
|
|
Share Data
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
At or for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
3.04
|
|
|
$
|
1.48
|
|
|
$
|
2.32
|
|
|
$
|
2.20
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
2.73
|
|
|
$
|
1.46
|
|
|
$
|
2.18
|
|
|
$
|
2.07
|
|
Cash dividends declared per common share
|
|
$
|
.0875
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
.0875
|
|
|
$
|
.0831
|
|
Book value per common share
|
|
$
|
16.02
|
|
|
$
|
9.46
|
|
|
$
|
52.39
|
|
|
$
|
49.77
|
|
COMPARATIVE
MARKET VALUE INFORMATION
The following table presents:
|
|
|
|
|
the closing prices per share and aggregate market value of
Cliffs common shares and Alpha common stock, in each case based
on the last reported sales prices as reported by the NYSE
Composite Transactions Tape, on July 15, 2008, the last
trading day prior to the public announcement of the proposed
merger, and October 14, 2008, the last trading day for
which this information could be calculated prior to the date of
this joint proxy statement/prospectus; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
the equivalent price per share and equivalent market value of
shares of Alpha common stock.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cliffs
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
Alpha
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
Equivalent(1)
|
|
|
July 15, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing price per common share
|
|
$
|
111.46
|
|
|
$
|
94.92
|
|
|
$
|
128.12
|
|
Market value of common shares (in billions)(2)
|
|
$
|
11.6
|
|
|
$
|
6.69
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
October 14, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing price per common share
|
|
$
|
32.67
|
|
|
$
|
38.41
|
|
|
$
|
53.27
|
|
Market value of common shares (in billions)(3)
|
|
$
|
3.49
|
|
|
$
|
2.71
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The Alpha equivalent price per share reflects the fluctuating
value of Cliffs common shares that Alpha stockholders would
receive for each share of Alpha common stock if the merger were
completed on either July 15, 2008 or October 14, 2008.
The Alpha equivalent price per share is equal to the sum of
(i) the closing price of a Cliffs common share on the
applicable date multiplied by 0.95 and (ii) $22.23. |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Based on 104,145,300 Cliffs common shares and
70,495,814 shares of Alpha common stock outstanding as of
July 15, 2008 (excluding outstanding shares held in
treasury). |
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Based on 113,502,463 Cliffs common shares and
70,495,814 shares of Alpha common stock outstanding as of
October 14, 2008 (excluding outstanding shares held in
treasury). |
26
RISK
FACTORS
In deciding whether to vote for the adoption of the merger
agreement, in the case of Alpha stockholders, or for adoption of
the merger agreement and approval of the issuance of Cliffs
common shares, in the case of Cliffs shareholders, we urge you
to carefully consider all of the information included or
incorporated by reference in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
See Where You Can Find More Information beginning on
page 239. You should also read and consider the risks
associated with each of the businesses of Cliffs and Alpha
because these risks will also affect the combined company. The
risks associated with the business of Alpha can be found in the
Alpha Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007, which is incorporated
by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. In
addition, we urge you to carefully consider the following
material risks relating to the merger, the business of Cliffs
and the business of the combined company.
Risks
Relating to the Merger
Cliffs
may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the
merger, which could reduce Cliffs
profitability.
Cliffs expects that the acquisition of Alpha will result in
certain synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects.
Cliffs, however, may never realize these expected synergies,
business opportunities and growth prospects. Integrating
operations will be complex and will require significant efforts
and expenses on the part of both Cliffs and Alpha. Personnel may
leave or be terminated because of the merger. Cliffs
management may have its attention diverted while trying to
integrate Alpha. In addition, Cliffs may experience increased
competition that limits its ability to expand its business,
Cliffs may not be able to capitalize on expected business
opportunities including retaining Alphas current
customers, assumptions underlying estimates of expected cost
savings may be inaccurate, or general industry and business
conditions may deteriorate. If these factors limit Cliffs
ability to integrate the operations of Alpha successfully or on
a timely basis, Cliffs expectations of future results of
operations, including certain cost savings and synergies
expected to result from the merger, may not be met. In addition,
Cliffs growth and operating strategies for Alphas
business may be different from the strategies that Alpha
currently is pursuing.
Because
the market price of Cliffs common shares will fluctuate, Alpha
stockholders cannot be sure of the value of the merger
consideration they will receive.
In the merger, each share of Alpha common stock (other than
shares of Alpha common stock held by any dissenting Alpha
stockholder that has properly exercised appraisal rights in
accordance with Delaware law, shares of Alpha common stock held
in treasury by Alpha or shares of Alpha common stock owned by
Cliffs) will be converted into the right to receive $22.23 in
cash and 0.95 of a common share of Cliffs. The price of Cliffs
common shares at the closing date of the merger or when the
Cliffs common shares are received by Alpha stockholders may vary
from their respective prices on the date of this joint proxy
statement/prospectus
and on the date of the Alpha special meeting. As a result,
Cliffs shareholders and Alpha stockholders will not know the
exact value of the Cliffs common shares that will be issued in
the merger at the time they vote on the merger proposals. Share
price changes may result from a variety of factors, including
general market and economic conditions, changes in Cliffs
and Alphas respective businesses, operations and
prospects, and regulatory considerations. Many of these factors
are beyond Cliffs and Alphas control. You should
obtain current market quotations for Cliffs common shares and
shares of Alpha common stock.
The
market price for Cliffs common shares may be affected by factors
different from, or in addition to, those affecting shares of
Alpha common stock, and the market value of Cliffs common shares
may decrease after the closing date of the merger.
The businesses of Cliffs and Alpha differ in some respects and,
accordingly, the results of operations of the combined company
and the market price of the combined companys common
shares may be affected by factors different from those currently
affecting the independent results of operations of each of
Cliffs and Alpha. In addition, the market value of the common
shares of Cliffs that Alpha stockholders receive in the merger
could decrease following the closing date of the merger. For a
discussion of the business of Cliffs and factors to
consider in
27
connection with its business, please see Information
about Cliffs beginning on page 116 and the documents
and information included elsewhere in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus
or incorporated by reference into this joint proxy
statement/prospectus and listed under the section captioned
Where You Can Find More Information, beginning on
page 239. For a discussion of the business of Alpha and
factors to consider in connection with its business, please see
Information about Alpha on page 143 and the
documents and information incorporated by reference into this
joint proxy statement/prospectus and listed under the section
captioned Where You Can Find More Information,
beginning on page 239.
Opposition
by Harbinger Capital Partners, a shareholder of Cliffs, and/or
other significant shareholders of Cliffs may prevent completion
of the merger.
The adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the merger
require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding common shares
and
Series A-2
preferred stock of Cliffs, voting together as a class. As a
result, the failure of Harbinger Capital Partners Master
Fund I, Ltd. and its affiliates, including Harbinger
Capital Partners Special Situations Fund, L.P., which are
collectively referred to as Harbinger Capital Partners and
which, according to an amendment to Schedule 13D filed by
Harbinger Capital Partners with the SEC on August 14, 2008,
collectively are the beneficial owners of 16,616,472 common
shares of Cliffs (constituting approximately 14.64% of the
Cliffs common shares issued and outstanding as of
October 6, 2008), to vote in favor of the adoption of the
merger agreement and the issuance of Cliffs common shares in
connection with the merger would significantly decrease the
likelihood that the merger will be completed. On a number of
occasions Harbinger Capital Partners indicated that it did not
believe that the merger would be in the best interests of Cliffs
shareholders.
On August 14, 2008, Harbinger Capital Partners delivered to
Cliffs an acquiring person statement pursuant to
Section 1701.831 of the Ohio General Corporation Law, or
the Ohio Control Share Acquisition Statute, pertaining to a
proposed acquisition by Harbinger Capital Partners of that
number of the Cliffs common shares that when added to all other
shares in respect of which Harbinger Capital Partners may
exercise or direct the exercise of voting power in the election
of the Cliffs directors would equal one-fifth or more (but less
than one-third) of such voting power, which proposed acquisition
is referred to as the Harbinger control share acquisition
proposal.
Pursuant to the Ohio Control Share Acquisition Statute, the
Harbinger control share acquisition proposal had to be approved
by the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all
Cliffs shares entitled to vote in the election of the Cliffs
directors represented at the special meeting (excluding the
voting power of all interested shares (within the
meaning of the Ohio Control Share Acquisition Statute)) convened
by Cliffs pursuant to the requirements of the Ohio Control Share
Acquisition Statute. The special meeting of the Cliffs
shareholders to consider the Harbinger control share acquisition
proposal took place on October 3, 2008. On October 10,
2008, Cliffs announced that, based on the results provided by
the independent inspector of elections, IVS Associates, Inc.,
Cliffs shareholders rejected the Harbinger control share
acquisition proposal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if
Harbinger Capital Partners
and/or other
significant shareholders of Cliffs oppose the merger, then
Cliffs ability to obtain its required shareholder approval
will be adversely affected.
Furthermore, if Cliffs shareholders fail to adopt the merger
agreement and approve the issuance of the Cliffs common shares
in connection with the merger, pursuant to the merger agreement,
Cliffs will have to pay to Alpha a termination fee of
$100 million (provided that no such fee will be required to
be paid by Cliffs if the Alpha stockholders also fail to adopt
the merger agreement at their special meeting).
Cliffs
shareholders ownership percentage after the merger will be
diluted and the merger could result in dilution to Cliffs
earnings per share.
In connection with the merger, Cliffs will issue to Alpha
stockholders Cliffs common shares. As a result of this share
issuance, Cliffs shareholders will own a smaller percentage of
the combined company. It is estimated that, upon completion of
the merger, Cliffs shareholders will own approximately 63% of
the outstanding stock of the combined company and Alpha
stockholders will own approximately 37% of the outstanding stock
of the combined company. If the combined company is unable to
realize the strategic and financial benefits currently
anticipated to result from the merger, then Cliffs shareholders
could experience dilution of their economic interest in Cliffs
without receiving a commensurate benefit. The merger could also
result in dilution to Cliffs earnings per share.
28
Obtaining
required approvals and satisfying closing conditions may prevent
or delay completion of the merger.
The merger is subject to customary conditions to closing. These
closing conditions include, among others, the receipt of
required approvals of the stockholders of Alpha and shareholders
of Cliffs and the receipt of certain governmental consents and
approvals. No assurance can be given that the required
shareholder and governmental consents and approvals will be
obtained or that the required conditions to closing will be
satisfied, and, if all required consents and approvals are
obtained and the conditions are satisfied, no assurance can be
given as to the terms, conditions and timing of the consents and
approvals. Cliffs and Alpha will also be obligated to pay
certain investment banking, financing, legal and accounting fees
and related expenses in connection with the merger, whether or
not the merger is completed.
The
fairness opinions obtained by Cliffs and Alpha from their
respective financial advisors will not reflect changes in
circumstances between signing the merger agreement and the
completion of the merger.
Cliffs and Alpha have not obtained updated opinions as of the
date of this document from J.P. Morgan, Cliffs
financial advisor, or Citi, Alphas financial advisor.
These opinions speak only as of their respective dates and do
not address the fairness of the merger consideration, from a
financial point of view, at the time the merger is completed.
Changes in the operations and prospects of Cliffs or Alpha,
general market and economic conditions and other factors which
may be beyond the control of Cliffs and Alpha, and on which the
fairness opinions were based, may alter the value of Cliffs or
Alpha or the prices of Cliffs common shares or shares of Alpha
common stock by the time the merger is completed. For a
description of the opinions that Cliffs and Alpha received from
their respective financial advisors, please refer to The
Merger Opinion of Cliffs Financial
Advisor beginning on page 76 and The
Merger Opinion of Alphas Financial
Advisor beginning on page 64.
Whether
or not the merger is completed, the announcement and pendency of
the merger could cause disruptions in the businesses of Cliffs
and Alpha, which could have an adverse effect on their
respective businesses and financial results.
Whether or not the merger is completed, the announcement and
pendency of the merger could cause disruptions in the businesses
of Cliffs and Alpha. Specifically:
|
|
|
|
|
current and prospective employees of Alpha will experience
uncertainty about their future roles with the combined company,
which might adversely affect Cliffs and Alphas
ability to retain key managers and other employees; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
the attention of management of each of Cliffs and Alpha may be
directed toward the completion of the merger.
|
In addition, Cliffs and Alpha have each diverted significant
management resources in an effort to complete the merger and are
each subject to restrictions contained in the merger agreement
on the conduct of their respective businesses. If the merger is
not completed, Cliffs and Alpha will have incurred significant
costs, including the diversion of management resources, for
which they will have received little or no benefit. Further,
Alpha and Cliffs may be required to pay to the other a
termination fee of either $100 million or $350 million
if the merger agreement is terminated, depending on the specific
circumstances of the termination. For a detailed description of
the circumstances in which such termination fee will be paid,
see The Merger Agreement Termination
Fees beginning on page 113.
Certain
directors and executive officers of Alpha have interests and
arrangements that may be different from, or in addition to,
those of Alpha stockholders.
When considering the recommendation of the Alpha board of
directors with respect to the merger, Alpha stockholders should
be aware that some directors and executive officers of Alpha
have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in
addition to, their interests as stockholders and the interests
of stockholders generally. These interests include, among
others, payments under employment agreements and severance
agreements,
29
acceleration of vesting and exercisability of options and
restricted stock as a result of the merger and the right to
continued indemnification and insurance coverage by Cliffs for
acts or omissions occurring prior to the merger.
As a result of these interests, these directors and executive
officers may be more likely to support and to vote to adopt the
merger agreement than if they did not have these interests.
Shareholders should consider whether these interests may have
influenced those directors and executive officers to support or
recommend adoption of the merger agreement. As of the close of
business on the record date for the Alpha special meeting, Alpha
directors and executive officers were entitled to vote 0.92% of
the then-outstanding shares of Alpha common stock. See The
Merger Interests of Alpha Directors and Executive
Officers in the Merger beginning on page 84.
Risks
Associated with the Cliffs Business
The
current disruption in the credit markets has created uncertainty
and could adversely affect Cliffs business.
The current global financial and credit crisis could adversely
affect Cliffs business and financial results. Some of
Cliffs North American customers have announced
curtailments of production, which could adversely affect the
demand for Cliffs iron ore and coal products. Continuation
or worsening of the current economic conditions, a prolonged
national or regional economic recession or other events that
could produce major changes in demand patterns could have a
material adverse effect on Cliffs sales, margins and
profitability. In addition, as a result of the intensification
of the global credit crisis in the past few weeks, the market
price for Cliffs common shares has declined substantially.
Cliffs is not able to predict the impact the current global
financial and credit crisis will have on its operations and the
industry in general going forward.
If the
rate of steel consumption slows globally, it could lead to
excess global capacity, increasing competition within the steel
industry and increased imports into the United States,
potentially lowering the demand for iron ore and
coal.
The world price of iron ore and coal are strongly influenced by
international demand. Production at Portman, which comprises
Cliffs Asian-Pacific Iron Ore segment, is fully committed
to steel companies in China and Japan. In addition, all 2008
production at Sonoma is committed under supply agreements with
customers in Asia, including China. If the economic growth rate
in China slows, which may be difficult to forecast, less steel
may be used in construction and manufacturing, which could
decrease demand for iron ore and coal. This could adversely
impact the world iron ore and coal markets and Cliffs
operations, specifically, at Portman and Sonoma. A slowing of
the economic growth rate globally leading to overcapacity in the
steelmaking industry could also result in greater exports of
steel out of Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America, which, if
imported into North America, could decrease demand for
domestically produced steel, thereby decreasing the demand for
iron ore and coal supplied in North America. During 2006, China
became the worlds largest exporter of steel.
Chinas domestic crude steel production climbed
approximately 17 percent in 2007 as compared to 2006. Based
on the American Iron and Steel Institutes Apparent Steel
Supply (excluding semi-finished steel products), imports of
steel into the United States constituted 23.3 percent,
27.3 percent and 21.3 percent of the domestic steel
market supply for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Further,
production of steel by North American integrated steel
manufacturers may also be replaced, to some extent, by
production of substitute materials by other manufacturers. In
the case of some product applications, North American steel
manufacturers compete with manufacturers of other materials,
including plastic, aluminum, graphite composites, ceramics,
glass, wood and concrete. Most of Cliffs term supply
agreements for the sale of iron ore products are
requirements-based or provide for flexibility of volume above a
minimum level. Reduced demand for and consumption of iron ore
products by integrated steel producers have had and may continue
to have a significant negative impact on Cliffs sales,
margins and profitability.
Capacity
expansions within the industry could lead to lower global iron
ore and coal prices or impact Cliffs
production.
The increased demand for iron ore and coal, particularly from
China, has resulted in the major iron ore and metallurgical coal
suppliers increasing their capacity. Many of Cliffs
competitors have announced plans to increase
30
their capacity through capital expenditures, project expansion
and acquisitions to capitalize on these opportunities. An
increase in Cliffs competitors capacity could result
in excess supply of iron ore and coal, resulting in downward
pressure on prices. A decrease in pricing would adversely impact
Cliffs sales, margins and profitability.
If
steelmakers use methods other than blast furnace production to
produce steel, or if their blast furnaces shut down or otherwise
reduce production, the demand for Cliffs iron ore and coal
products may decrease.
Demand for Cliffs iron ore and coal products is determined
by the operating rates for the blast furnaces of steel
companies. However, not all finished steel is produced by blast
furnaces; finished steel also may be produced by other methods
that do not require iron ore products. For example, steel
mini-mills, which are steel recyclers, generally
produce steel primarily by using scrap steel and other iron
products, not iron ore pellets, in their electric furnaces.
Production of steel by steel mini-mills was approximately
60 percent of North American total finished steel
production in 2007. Steel producers also can produce steel using
imported iron ore or semi-finished steel products, which
eliminates the need for domestic iron ore. Environmental
restrictions on the use of blast furnaces also may reduce
Cliffs customers use of their blast furnaces.
Maintenance of blast furnaces can require substantial capital
expenditures. Cliffs customers may choose not to maintain
their blast furnaces, and some of Cliffs customers may not
have the resources necessary to adequately maintain their blast
furnaces. If Cliffs customers use methods to produce steel
that do not use iron ore and coal products, demand for
Cliffs iron ore and coal products will decrease, which
could adversely affect its sales, margins and profitability.
A
substantial majority of Cliffs sales are made under term
supply agreements, which are important to the stability and
profitability of its operations.
In 2007, more than 95 percent of Cliffs North
American Iron Ore sales volume, the majority of Cliffs
North American Coal sales, and virtually all of Cliffs
Asia-Pacific Iron Ore sales were sold under term supply
agreements. For North American Coal, these agreements typically
cover a twelve-month period and must be renewed each year. The
Asia-Pacific Iron Ore contracts expire in 2010. Cliffs cannot be
certain that it will be able to renew or replace existing term
supply agreements at the same volume levels, prices or with
similar profit margins when they expire. A loss of sales to
Cliffs existing customers could have a substantial
negative impact on Cliffs sales, margins and profitability.
Cliffs North American Iron Ore term supply agreements
contain a number of price adjustment provisions, or price
escalators, including adjustments based on general industrial
inflation rates, the price of steel and the international price
of iron ore pellets, among other factors, that allow Cliffs to
adjust the prices under those agreements generally on an annual
basis. Cliffs price adjustment provisions are weighted and
some are subject to annual collars, which limit its ability to
raise prices to match international levels and fully capitalize
on strong demand for iron ore. Most of Cliffs North
American Iron Ore term supply agreements do not otherwise allow
Cliffs to increase its prices and to directly pass through
higher production costs to its customers. An inability to
increase prices or pass along increased costs could adversely
affect Cliffs margins and profitability.
In
North America, Cliffs depends on a limited number of
customers.
Five customers together accounted for more than 80 percent
of Cliffs North American Iron Ore sales revenues measured
as a percent of product revenues for each of the past three
years. If one or more of these customers were to significantly
reduce their purchases of products from Cliffs, or if Cliffs
were unable to sell products to them on terms as favorable to it
as the terms under its current term supply agreements,
Cliffs North American sales, margins and profitability
could suffer materially due to the high level of fixed costs and
the high costs to idle or close mines. The majority of the iron
ore Cliffs manages and produces is for its own account, and
therefore Cliffs relies on sales to its joint venture partners
and other third-party customers for most of its revenues.
31
Mine
closures entail substantial costs, and if Cliffs closes one or
more of its mines sooner than anticipated, its results of
operations and financial condition may be significantly and
adversely affected.
If Cliffs closes any of its mines, its revenues would be reduced
unless Cliffs were able to increase production at its other
mines, which may not be possible. The closure of a mining
operation involves significant fixed closure costs, including
accelerated employment legacy costs, severance-related
obligations, reclamation and other environmental costs, and the
costs of terminating long-term obligations, including energy
contracts and equipment leases. Cliffs bases its assumptions
regarding the life of its mines on detailed studies Cliffs
performs from time to time, but those studies and assumptions
are subject to uncertainties and estimates that may not be
accurate. Cliffs recognizes the costs of reclaiming open pits
and shafts, stockpiles, tailings ponds, roads and other mining
support areas based on the estimated mining life of its
property. If Cliffs were to significantly reduce the estimated
life of any of its mines, the mine-closure costs would be
applied to a shorter period of production, which would increase
production costs per ton produced and could significantly and
adversely affect Cliffs results of operations and
financial condition.
A North American mine permanent closure could significantly
increase and accelerate employment legacy costs, including
Cliffs expense and funding costs for pension and other
postretirement benefit obligations. A number of employees would
be eligible for immediate retirement under special eligibility
rules that apply upon a mine closure. All employees eligible for
immediate retirement under the pension plans at the time of the
permanent mine closure also would be eligible for postretirement
health and life insurance benefits, thereby accelerating
Cliffs obligation to provide these benefits. Certain mine
closures would precipitate a pension closure liability
significantly greater than an ongoing operation liability.
Finally, a permanent mine closure could trigger
severance-related obligations, which can equal up to eight weeks
of pay per employee, depending on length of service. No employee
entitled to an immediate pension upon closure of a mine is
entitled to severance. As a result, the closure of one or more
of Cliffs mines could adversely affect its financial
condition and results of operations.
Cliffs
relies on estimates of its recoverable reserves, which is
complex due to geological characteristics of the properties and
the number of assumptions made.
Cliffs regularly evaluates its North American iron ore and coal
reserves based on revenues and costs and updates them as
required in accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7. Portman and
Sonoma have published reserves which follow Joint Ore Reserves
Code in Australia, which is similar to United States
requirements. Changes to the reserve value to make them comply
with SEC requirements have been made. There are numerous
uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves of
Cliffs mines, many of which have been in operation for several
decades, including many factors beyond Cliffs control.
Estimates of reserves and future net cash flows necessarily
depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, such
as production capacity, effects of regulations by governmental
agencies, future prices for iron ore and coal, future industry
conditions and operating costs, severance and excise taxes,
development costs and costs of extraction and reclamation, all
of which may in fact vary considerably from actual results. For
these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable
quantities of mineralized deposits attributable to any
particular group of properties, classifications of such reserves
based on risk of recovery and estimates of future net cash flows
prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers at
different times may vary substantially as the criteria change.
Estimated ore and coal reserves could be affected by future
industry conditions, geological conditions and ongoing mine
planning. Actual production, revenues and expenditures with
respect to Cliffs reserves will likely vary from
estimates, and if such variances are material, Cliffs
sales and profitability could be adversely affected.
A
defect in the title or the loss of a leasehold interest in
certain property could limit Cliffs ability to mine its
reserves or result in significant unanticipated
costs.
Cliffs conducts a significant part of its mining operations on
property that it leases. A title defect or the loss of a lease
could adversely affect Cliffs ability to mine the
associated reserves. As such, the title to property that Cliffs
intends to lease or reserves that it intends to mine may contain
defects prohibiting its ability to conduct mining operations. In
order to conduct its mining operations on properties where these
defects exist, Cliffs may incur
32
unanticipated costs. In addition, some leases require Cliffs to
pay minimum royalties. Cliffs inability to satisfy those
requirements may cause the leasehold interest to terminate.
Cliffs
relies on its joint venture partners in its mines to meet their
payment obligations and is subject to risks involving the acts
or omissions of its joint venture partners when Cliffs is not
the manager of the joint venture.
Cliffs co-owns four of its six North American mines with various
joint venture partners that are integrated steel producers or
their subsidiaries, including ArcelorMittal USA Inc., or
ArcelorMittal USA, and U.S. Steel Canada Inc. (formerly
Stelco Inc.), or U.S. Steel Canada. While Cliffs is the
manager of each of the mines it co-owns, Cliffs relies on its
joint venture partners to make their required capital
contributions and to pay for their share of the iron ore pellets
that Cliffs produces. Most of Cliffs venture partners are
also its customers. If one or more of Cliffs venture
partners fail to perform their obligations, the remaining
venturers, including Cliffs, may be required to assume
additional material obligations, including significant pension
and postretirement health and life insurance benefit
obligations. The premature closure of a mine due to the failure
of a joint venture partner to perform its obligations could
result in significant fixed mine-closure costs, including
severance, employment legacy costs and other employment costs,
reclamation and other environmental costs, and the costs of
terminating long-term obligations, including energy contracts
and equipment leases.
Cliffs cannot control the actions of its joint venture partners,
especially when it has a minority interest in a joint venture
and is not designated as the manager of the joint venture.
Further, in spite of performing customary due diligence prior to
entering into a joint venture, Cliffs cannot guaranty full
disclosure of prior acts or omissions of the sellers or those
with whom Cliffs enters into joint ventures. Most recently,
Cliffs learned that the Brazilian Federal Police have initiated
a criminal investigation into how the Amapá railway
concession was obtained prior to Cliffs involvement in the
project. Such risks could have a material adverse effect on the
business, results of operations or financial condition of
Cliffs joint venture interests.
Cliffs
expenditures for postretirement benefit and pension obligations
could be materially higher than it has predicted if its
underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, if there are mine
closures or Cliffs joint venture partners fail to perform
their obligations that relate to employee pension
plans.
Cliffs provides defined benefit pension plans and other
postretirement benefits to eligible union and non-union
employees, including Cliffs share of expense and funding
obligations with respect to unconsolidated ventures.
Cliffs pension expense and its required contributions to
its pension plans are directly affected by the value of plan
assets, the projected and actual rate of return on plan assets
and the actuarial assumptions Cliffs uses to measure its defined
benefit pension plan obligations, including the rate at which
future obligations are discounted.
Cliffs cannot predict whether changing market or economic
conditions, regulatory changes or other factors will increase
its pension expenses or its funding obligations, diverting funds
Cliffs would otherwise apply to other uses.
Cliffs has calculated its unfunded other postretirement benefits
obligation based on a number of assumptions. Discount rate,
return on plan assets, and mortality assumptions parallel those
utilized for pensions. If Cliffs assumptions do not
materialize as expected, cash expenditures and costs that Cliffs
incurs could be materially higher. Moreover, Cliffs cannot be
certain that regulatory changes will not increase its
obligations to provide these or additional benefits. These
obligations also may increase substantially in the event of
adverse medical cost trends or unexpected rates of early
retirement, particularly for bargaining unit retirees for whom
there is currently no retiree healthcare cost cap. Early
retirement rates likely would increase substantially in the
event of a mine closure.
Equipment
and supply shortages may impact Cliffs
production.
The extractive industry has been experiencing long lead times on
equipment, tires, and supply needs due to the increased demand
for these resources. As the global mining industry increases its
capacity, demand for these resources will increase, potentially
resulting in higher prices, equipment shortages, or both.
33
Cliffs
sales and competitive position depend on the ability to
transport its products to its customers at competitive rates and
in a timely manner.
Disruption of the lake freighter and rail transportation
services because of weather-related problems, including ice and
winter weather conditions on the Great Lakes, strikes, lock-outs
or other events, could impair Cliffs ability to supply
iron ore pellets to its customers at competitive rates or in a
timely manner and, thus, could adversely affect Cliffs
sales and profitability. Similarly, Cliffs coal operations
depend on international freighter and rail transportation
services, as well as the availability of dock capacity, and any
disruptions to such could impair Cliffs ability to supply
coal to its customers at competitive rates or in a timely manner
and, thus, could adversely affect Cliffs sales and
profitability. Further, reduced levels of government funding may
result in a lesser level of dredging, particularly at Great
Lakes ports. Less dredging results in lower water levels, which
restricts the tonnage freighters can haul over the Great Lakes,
resulting in higher freight rates.
Cliffs Asia-Pacific Iron Ore operations are in direct
competition with the major world seaborne exporters of iron ore
and its customers face higher transportation costs than most
other Australian producers to ship its products to the Asian
markets because of the location of its major shipping port on
the south coast of Australia. Further, increases in
transportation costs, decreased availability of ocean vessels or
changes in such costs relative to transportation costs incurred
by Cliffs competitors, could make its products less
competitive, restrict its access to certain markets and have an
adverse effect on its sales, margins and profitability.
Cliffs
operating expenses could increase significantly if the price of
electrical power, fuel or other energy sources
increases.
Operating expenses at all Cliffs mining locations are
sensitive to changes in electricity prices and fuel prices,
including diesel fuel and natural gas prices. In Cliffs
North American Iron Ore locations, for example, these items make
up 24 percent of Cliffs North American Iron Ore
operating costs. Prices for electricity, natural gas and fuel
oils can fluctuate widely with availability and demand levels
from other users. During periods of peak usage, supplies of
energy may be curtailed and Cliffs may not be able to purchase
them at historical rates. While Cliffs has some long-term
contracts with electrical suppliers, it is exposed to
fluctuations in energy costs that can affect its production
costs. Cliffs enters into forward fixed-price supply contracts
for natural gas and diesel fuel for use in its operations. Those
contracts are of limited duration and do not cover all of
Cliffs fuel needs, and price increases in fuel costs could
cause Cliffs profitability to decrease significantly.
Natural
disasters, weather conditions, disruption of energy,
unanticipated geological conditions, equipment failures, and
other unexpected events may lead Cliffs customers, its
suppliers, or its facilities to curtail production or shut down
their operations.
Operating levels within the industry are subject to unexpected
conditions and events that are beyond the industrys
control. Those events could cause industry members or their
suppliers to curtail production or shut down a portion or all of
their operations, which could reduce the demand for Cliffs
iron ore and coal products, and could adversely affect its
sales, margins, and profitability.
For example, one of Cliffs customers shut down a blast
furnace for 52 days in 2007. Additionally, in January of
2008, another customer of Cliffs provided Cliffs with a force
majeure letter due to a fire on the smaller of its two operating
furnaces. In early November 2007, several small cracks were
discovered in a kiln riding ring during routine maintenance at
Cliffs Tilden Mining Company L.C., or Tilden, mine. As a
result of the cracks, a scheduled major repair was extended
approximately 15 days more than expected. Full production
resumed in mid-January 2008. An electrical explosion at
Cliffs United Taconite facility on October 12, 2006
resulted in a temporary production curtailment as a result of a
loss of electrical power. Full production did not resume until
January 2007. In February 2007, severe weather conditions caused
significant ice buildup in the basin supplying water to the
Hibbing Taconite Company, or Hibbing, facility tailings basin.
This caused a production shutdown that lowered first quarter
production output. In August 2007 and March 2008, production at
Pinnacle Mining Company, LLC, or Pinnacle, slowed as a result of
sandstone intrusions encountered within the coal panel being
mined at the time, spreading fixed costs over less production
than planned.
34
Interruptions in production capabilities will inevitably
increase Cliffs production costs and reduce its
profitability. Cliffs does not have meaningful excess capacity
for current production needs, and it is not able to quickly
increase production at one mine to offset an interruption in
production at another mine.
A portion of Cliffs production costs are fixed regardless
of current operating levels. As noted, Cliffs operating
levels are subject to conditions beyond its control that can
delay deliveries or increase the cost of mining at particular
mines for varying lengths of time. These conditions include
weather conditions (for example, extreme winter weather, floods
and availability of process water due to drought) and natural
disasters, pit wall failures, unanticipated geological
conditions, including variations in the amount of rock and soil
overlying the deposits of iron ore and coal, variations in rock
and other natural materials and variations in geologic
conditions and ore processing changes.
The manufacturing processes that take place in Cliffs
mining operations, as well as in its processing facilities,
depend on critical pieces of equipment. This equipment may, on
occasion, be out of service because of unanticipated failures.
In addition, many of Cliffs mines and processing
facilities have been in operation for several decades, and the
equipment is aged. In the future, Cliffs may experience
additional material plant shutdowns or periods of reduced
production because of equipment failures. Further, remediation
of any interruption in production capability may require Cliffs
to make large capital expenditures that could have a negative
effect on its profitability and cash flows. Cliffs
business interruption insurance would not cover all of the lost
revenues associated with equipment failures. Longer-term
business disruptions could result in a loss of customers, which
could adversely affect Cliffs future sales levels, and
therefore its profitability.
Regarding the impact of unexpected events happening to
Cliffs suppliers, many of Cliffs mines are dependent
on one source for electric power and for natural gas. For
example, Minnesota Power, Inc. is the sole supplier of electric
power to Cliffs Hibbing and United Taconite mines;
Wisconsin Electric Power Company, or WEPCO, is the sole supplier
of electric power to Cliffs Tilden and Empire Iron Mining
Partnership, or Empire, mines; and Cliffs Northshore
Mining Company, or Northshore, mine is largely dependent on its
wholly-owned power facility for its electrical supply. A
significant interruption in service from Cliffs energy
suppliers due to terrorism, weather conditions, natural
disasters, or any other cause can result in substantial losses
that may not be fully recoverable, either from its business
interruption insurance or responsible third parties.
Cliffs
is subject to extensive governmental regulation, which imposes,
and will continue to impose, significant costs and liabilities
on Cliffs, and future regulation could increase those costs and
liabilities or limit Cliffs ability to produce iron ore
and coal products.
Cliffs is subject to various federal, provincial, state and
local laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which Cliffs
has operations on matters such as employee health and safety,
air quality, water pollution, plant and wildlife protection,
reclamation and restoration of mining properties, the discharge
of materials into the environment, and the effects that mining
has on groundwater quality and availability. Numerous
governmental permits and approvals are required for Cliffs
operations. Cliffs cannot be certain that it has been or will be
at all times in complete compliance with such laws, regulations
and permits. If Cliffs violates or fails to comply with these
laws, regulations or permits, it could be fined or otherwise
sanctioned by regulators.
Prior to commencement of mining, Cliffs must submit to and
obtain approval from the appropriate regulatory authority of
plans showing where and how mining and reclamation operations
are to occur. These plans must include information such as the
location of mining areas, stockpiles, surface waters, haul
roads, tailings basins and drainage from mining operations. All
requirements imposed by any such authority may be costly and
time-consuming and may delay commencement or continuation of
exploration or production operations. In addition, new
legislation and regulations and orders, including proposals
related to climate change and protection of the environment, to
which Cliffs would be subject or that would further regulate and
tax Cliffs customers, namely the North American integrated
steel producer customers, may also require Cliffs or its
customers to reduce or otherwise change operations significantly
or incur additional costs. Such new legislation, regulations or
orders (if enacted) could have a material adverse effect on
Cliffs business, results of operations, financial
condition or profitability. Cliffs U.S. operations
are subject to Maximum Achievable Control Technology emissions
standards for particulate matter promulgated by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency, which is referred to as
35
the EPA, under the Clean Air Act effective October 31,
2006. The EPAs decision not to regulate emissions of
mercury or asbestos in the Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Rule is the subject of a court remand, and the outcome cannot be
predicted.
Further, Cliffs is subject to a variety of potential liability
exposures arising at certain sites where Cliffs does not
currently conduct operations. These sites include sites where
Cliffs formerly conducted iron ore mining or processing or other
operations, inactive sites that Cliffs currently owns,
predecessor sites, acquired sites, leased land sites and
third-party waste disposal sites. Cliffs may be named as a
responsible party at other sites in the future and Cliffs cannot
be certain that the costs associated with these additional sites
will not be material.
Cliffs also could be held liable for any and all consequences
arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances used,
released or disposed of by Cliffs or other environmental damage,
including damage to natural resources. In particular, Cliffs and
certain of its subsidiaries are involved in various claims
relating to the exposure of asbestos and silica to seamen who
sailed on the Great Lakes vessels formerly owned and operated by
certain of Cliffs subsidiaries. The full impact of these
claims, as well as whether insurance coverage will be sufficient
and whether other defendants named in these claims will be able
to fund any costs arising out of these claims, continues to be
unknown.
Cliffs Tilden mine was notified on June 17, 2008 by
the Mine Safety and Health Administration, or MSHA, that it had
conducted an initial screening of Tildens compliance
record. MSHAs notice indicated that, based upon the
screening, a potential pattern of violations exists at the mine.
If Tilden is placed on the pattern of violations, it will be
subject to a higher level of regulatory enforcement that could
potentially negatively impact its operations, reducing
production and increasing Cliffs costs.
Underground
mining is subject to increased safety regulation and may require
Cliffs to incur additional cost.
Recent mine disasters have led to the enactment and
consideration of significant new federal and state laws and
regulations relating to safety in underground coal mines. These
laws and regulations include requirements for constructing and
maintaining caches for the storage of additional self-contained
self rescuers throughout underground mines; installing rescue
chambers in underground mines; constant tracking of and
communication with personnel in the mines; installing cable
lifelines from the mine portal to all sections of the mine to
assist in emergency escape; submission and approval of emergency
response plans; and new and additional safety training.
Additionally, new requirements for the prompt reporting of
accidents and increased fines and penalties for violations of
these and existing regulations have been implemented. These new
laws and regulations may cause Cliffs to incur substantial
additional costs, which may adversely impact its operating
performance.
Coal
mining is complex due to geological characteristics of the
region.
The geological characteristics of coal reserves, such as depth
of overburden and coal seam thickness, make them complex and
costly to mine. As mines become depleted, replacement reserves
may not be available when required or, if available, may not be
capable of being mined at costs comparable to those
characteristic of the depleting mines. These factors could
materially adversely affect the mining operations and cost
structures of, and customers ability to use coal produced.
Cliffs
profitability could be negatively affected if it fails to
maintain satisfactory labor relations.
The United Steelworkers, which is referred to as the USW,
represents all hourly employees at Cliffs North American
Iron Ore locations except for Northshore. The United Mineworkers
of America, which is referred to as UMWA, represents hourly
employees at Cliffs North American Coal locations. Cliffs
has entered into an agreement with the USW on a new four-year
labor contract to replace the labor agreement that expired on
September 1, 2008 and that will cover approximately 2,300
USW-represented workers at Empire and Tilden mines in Michigan,
and its United Taconite and Hibbing mines in Minnesota. A
five-year agreement runs until March 2009 with Cliffs
Canadian work force. The current UMWA agreement runs through
2011 at Cliffs coal locations. Hourly employees at the
Cliffs owned railroads that transport products among its
facilities are represented by multiple unions with labor
agreements
36
that expire at various dates. If the collective bargaining
agreements relating to the employees at Cliffs mines or
railroads are not successfully renegotiated prior to their
expiration, Cliffs could face work stoppages or labor strikes.
Cliffs
may encounter labor shortages for critical operational
positions, which could affect its ability to produce iron ore
products.
At many of Cliffs mining locations, many of its mining
operational employees are approaching retirement age. As these
experienced employees retire, Cliffs may have difficulty
replacing them at competitive wages. As a result, wages are
increasing to address the turnover.
Cliffs
profitability could be affected by the failure of outside
contractors to perform.
Portman and Sonoma use contractors to handle many of the
operational phases of their mining and processing operations and
therefore are subject to the performance of outside companies on
key production areas.
Cliffs
failure to maintain effective internal control over financial
reporting may not allow it to accurately report its financial
results, which could cause Cliffs financial statements to
become materially misleading and adversely affect the trading
price of Cliffs common shares.
Cliffs requires effective internal control over financial
reporting in order to provide reasonable assurance with respect
to its financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud.
Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations,
including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or
overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective
internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with
respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial
statements. If Cliffs cannot provide reasonable assurance with
respect to its financial statements and effectively prevent
fraud, Cliffs financial statements could become materially
misleading, which could adversely affect the trading price of
Cliffs common shares. Implementing new internal controls and
testing the internal control framework will require the
dedication of additional resources, management time and expense.
If Cliffs fails to maintain an effective internal control
environment and perform timely testing, Cliffs could have a
material weakness with its internal control over financial
reporting. If Cliffs has a material weakness, or a weak control
environment, its business, financial condition and operating
results could be materially impacted.
Cliffs
may be unable to successfully identify, acquire and integrate
strategic acquisition candidates.
Cliffs ability to grow successfully through acquisitions
depends upon its ability to identify, negotiate, complete and
integrate suitable acquisitions and to obtain necessary
financing. It is possible that Cliffs will be unable to
successfully complete potential acquisitions. In addition, the
costs of acquiring other businesses could increase if
competition for acquisition candidates increases. Additionally,
the success of an acquisition is subject to other risks and
uncertainties, including Cliffs ability to realize
operating efficiencies expected from an acquisition, the size or
quality of the resource, delays in realizing the benefits of an
acquisition, difficulties in retaining key employees, customers
or suppliers of the acquired businesses, difficulties in
maintaining uniform controls, procedures, standards and policies
throughout acquired companies, the risks associated with the
assumption of contingent or undisclosed liabilities of
acquisition targets, the impact of changes to Cliffs
allocation of purchase price, and the ability to generate future
cash flows or the availability of financing.
Cliffs
is subject to risks involving operations in multiple
countries.
Cliffs has a strategy to broaden its scope as a supplier of iron
ore and other raw materials to the integrated steel industry in
North American and international markets. As Cliffs expands
beyond its traditional North American base business, it will be
subject to additional risks beyond those risks relating to its
North American operations, such as currency fluctuations; legal
and tax limitations on Cliffs ability to repatriate
earnings in a tax-efficient manner; potential negative
international impacts resulting from U.S. foreign and
domestic policies, including government embargoes or foreign
trade restrictions; the imposition of duties, tariffs, import
and export controls and other trade barriers impacting the
seaborne iron ore and coal markets; difficulties in staffing and
managing multi-national operations; and uncertainties in the
enforcement of legal rights and remedies in multiple
jurisdictions. If Cliffs is
37
unable to manage successfully the risks associated with
expanding its global business, these risks could have a material
adverse effect on its business, results of operations or
financial condition.
Cliffs
is subject to a variety of market risks.
These risks include those caused by changes in the value of
equity investments, changes in commodity prices, interest rates
and foreign currency exchange rates. Cliffs has established
policies and procedures to manage such risks, however certain
risks are beyond its control.
Risks
Relating to the Combined Companys Operations After
Consummation of the Merger
In addition to the risks associated with the respective
businesses of Cliffs (see Risks Associated
with the Cliffs Business beginning on page 30) and
Alpha (which are incorporated by reference from Alphas
Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007), the following risks
should be considered because they will affect the combined
company.
Cliffs
will take on substantial additional indebtedness to finance the
merger, which may decrease the combined companys business
flexibility and increase its borrowing costs
Upon completion of the merger, Cliffs will incur approximately
$2 billion in additional indebtedness, and will have
consolidated indebtedness that will be substantially greater
than its indebtedness prior to the merger. The increased
indebtedness and higher debt-to-equity ratio of the combined
company in comparison to that of Cliffs immediately prior to the
merger may have the effect, among other things, of reducing the
flexibility of the combined company to respond to changing
business and economic conditions and increasing borrowing costs.
Competition
within the coal industry may adversely affect the combined
companys ability to sell coal.
Coal with lower production costs shipped east from Western coal
mines and from offshore sources has resulted in increased
competition for coal sales in the Appalachian region. This
competition could result in a decrease in the combined
companys market share in this region and a decrease in the
combined companys revenues.
Demand for the combined companys high sulfur coal and the
price that the combined company can obtain for it will be
impacted by, among other things, the changing laws with respect
to allowable emissions and the price of emission allowances.
Significant increases in the price of those allowances could
reduce the competitiveness of high sulfur coal at plants not
equipped to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Competition from
low sulfur coal and possibly natural gas could result in a
decrease in the combined companys high-sulfur coal market
share and revenues from those operations.
Overcapacity in the coal industry, both domestically and
internationally, may affect the price the combined company will
receive for its coal. For example, during the 1970s and early
1980s, increased demand for coal and attractive pricing brought
new investors to the coal industry and promoted the development
of new mines. These factors resulted in added production
capacity throughout the industry, which led to increased
competition and lower coal prices. Continued coal pricing at
relatively high levels, compared to historical levels, could
encourage the development of expanded capacity by new or
existing coal producers. Any overcapacity could reduce coal
prices in the future.
The demand for U.S. coal exports is dependent upon a number
of factors outside of the combined companys control,
including the overall demand for electricity in foreign markets,
currency exchange rates, ocean freight rates, the demand for
foreign-produced steel both in foreign markets and in the
U.S. market (which is dependent in part on tariff rates on
steel), general economic conditions in foreign countries,
technological developments, and environmental and other
governmental regulations. If foreign demand for U.S. coal
were to decline, this decline could cause competition among coal
producers in the United States to intensify, potentially
resulting in downward pressure on domestic coal prices.
38
CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This joint proxy statement/prospectus, including information and
other documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, contains or incorporates by reference or
may contain or may incorporate by reference
forward-looking statements that have been made
pursuant to the provisions of, and in reliance on the safe
harbor under, the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995. These forward-looking statements, which can be found at
various places throughout this joint proxy statement/prospectus
and the other documents incorporated by reference in this joint
proxy statement/prospectus, are not historical facts, but rather
are based on current expectations, estimates and projections.
Words such as anticipates, expects,
intends, plans, believes,
seeks, could, should,
will, projects, estimates
and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. These statements are not guarantees of future
performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other
factors, some of which are beyond Cliffs and Alphas
control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results
to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the
forward-looking statements. In that event, Cliffs or
Alphas business, financial condition or results of
operations could be materially adversely affected, and investors
in Cliffs or Alphas securities could lose part or
all of their investment. You should not place undue reliance on
these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the
date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus or, in the case of
documents incorporated by reference, the date referenced in
those documents. We are not obligated to update these statements
or publicly release the result of any revision to them to
reflect events or circumstances after the date of this joint
proxy statement/prospectus or, in the case of documents
incorporated by reference, the date referenced in those
documents, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
You should understand that the risks, uncertainties, factors and
assumptions listed and discussed in this joint proxy
statement/prospectus, including those set forth under the
headings Risk Factors beginning on page 27 and
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations of Cliffs Market
Risks beginning on page 168; the risks discussed in
Cliffs Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, in
Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk; the risks discussed in Alphas
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, in item 7A Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, and
Alphas quarterly report on
Form 10-Q
for the period ended June 30, 2008, in Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk; and the following important factors and assumptions,
could affect the future results of the combined company
following the merger, or the future results of Cliffs and Alpha
if the merger does not occur, and could cause actual results or
other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or
implied in any forward-looking statements:
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the ability of Cliffs to integrate the Alpha businesses with
Cliffs businesses and achieve the expected benefits from
the merger;
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the adoption of the merger agreement at the Alpha special
meeting;
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the adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the merger
at the Cliffs special meeting;
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the timing of the completion of the merger;
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the actual financial position and results of operations of the
combined company following the merger, which may differ
significantly from the pro forma financial data contained in
this joint proxy statement/prospectus;
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changes in demand for iron ore pellets by North American
integrated steel producers, or changes in Asian iron ore demand
due to changes in steel utilization rates, operational factors,
electric furnace production or imports into the United States
and Canada of semi-finished steel or pig iron;
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the impact of consolidation and rationalization in the steel
industry;
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timing of changes in customer coal inventories;
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changes in, renewal of and acquiring new long-term coal supply
arrangements;
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inherent risks of coal mining beyond the combined companys
control;
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competition in coal markets;
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railroad, barge, truck and other transportation performance and
costs;
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the geological characteristics of Central and Northern
Appalachian coal reserves;
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availability of mining and processing equipment and parts;
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the combined companys assumptions concerning economically
recoverable coal reserve estimates;
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environmental laws, including those directly affecting coal
mining production, and those affecting customers coal
usage;
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liability for litigation, administrative actions, and similar
disputes;
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inability to timely obtain permits, comply with government
regulations or make capital expenditures required to maintain
compliance; and
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changes in laws and regulations.
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THE ALPHA
SPECIAL MEETING
General
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is being provided to Alpha
stockholders as part of a solicitation of proxies by the Alpha
board of directors for use at the special meeting of Alpha
stockholders and at any adjournment thereof. This joint proxy
statement/prospectus is first being furnished to stockholders of
Alpha on or
about ,
2008. In addition, this joint proxy statement/prospectus is
being furnished to Alpha stockholders as a prospectus for Cliffs
in connection with the issuance by Cliffs of its common shares
to Alpha stockholders in connection with the merger. This joint
proxy statement/prospectus provides Alpha stockholders with
information they need to know to be able to vote or instruct
their vote to be cast at the special meeting of Alpha
stockholders.
Date,
Time and Place of the Alpha Special Meeting
The special meeting of Alpha stockholders will be held at the
offices of Alpha located at One Alpha Place, Abingdon, Virginia
24212,
on ,
2008,
at .
Purposes
of the Alpha Special Meeting
At the Alpha special meeting, Alphas stockholders will be
asked:
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to adopt the merger agreement; and
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to approve adjournments of the Alpha special meeting if
necessary to permit further solicitation of proxies if there are
not sufficient votes at the time of the Alpha special meeting to
approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement.
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Record
Date; Outstanding Shares; Shares Entitled to Vote
The record date for the meeting for Alpha stockholders is
October 10, 2008. This means that you must have been a
stockholder of record of Alpha common stock at the close of
business on October 10, 2008, in order to vote at the
special meeting. You are entitled to one vote for each share of
common stock you own. On Alphas record date, there were
70,495,814 shares of Alpha common stock outstanding and
entitled to vote, held by
approximately
holders of record.
A complete list of Alpha stockholders entitled to vote at the
Alpha special meeting will be available for inspection at the
principal place of business of Alpha during regular business
hours for a period of no less than ten days before the special
meeting and at the place of the Alpha special meeting during the
meeting.
Quorum
and Vote Required
A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold a valid special
meeting of Alpha. The required quorum for the transaction of
business at the Alpha special meeting is a majority of the
issued and outstanding shares of Alpha common stock entitled to
vote and present at the special meeting, whether in person or by
proxy. The abstentions will be counted in determining whether a
quorum is present at the special meeting. As for broker
non-votes, Alpha expects that there will be practical
impediments that will prevent it from counting them for purposes
of a quorum at the Alpha special meeting because Alpha does not
anticipate that there will be any routine matters on
the agenda for the Alpha special meeting.
40
Adoption of the merger agreement requires the affirmative vote
of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Alpha common
stock entitled to vote. The required vote of Alpha stockholders
on the merger agreement is based upon the number of outstanding
shares of Alpha common stock, and not the number of shares that
are actually voted. Accordingly, the failure to submit a proxy
card or to vote in person at the Alpha special meeting or the
abstention from voting by Alpha stockholders, or the failure of
any Alpha stockholder who holds shares in street
name through a bank or broker to give voting instructions
to such bank or broker, will have the same effect as a vote
against the
adoption of the merger agreement.
To approve any adjournment of the Alpha special meeting, if
necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies if there
are not sufficient votes at the time of the Alpha special
meeting to approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement,
the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Alpha common
stock present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to
vote at the Alpha special meeting is required regardless of
whether or not a quorum is present. Abstentions will have the
same effect as a vote
against the
proposal to adjourn the special meeting, while broker non-votes
and shares not in attendance at the special meeting will have no
effect on the outcome of any vote to adjourn the special meeting.
As discussed elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus,
Alpha stockholders are considering and voting on a proposal to
adopt the merger agreement. You should carefully read this joint
proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety for more detailed
information concerning the transactions contemplated by the
merger agreement, including the merger. In particular, you are
directed to the merger agreement, which is attached as
Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The Alpha board of directors recommends that Alpha
stockholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement, and your properly signed
and dated proxy will be so voted unless you specify
otherwise.
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ITEM 2
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APPROVE
ADJOURNMENT OF THE SPECIAL MEETING, IF NECESSARY, TO PERMIT
FURTHER SOLICITATION OF PROXIES IF THERE ARE NOT SUFFICIENT
VOTES AT THE TIME OF THE ALPHA SPECIAL MEETING TO APPROVE THE
PROPOSAL TO ADOPT THE MERGER AGREEMENT
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Alpha stockholders may be asked to vote on a proposal to adjourn
the Alpha special meeting, if necessary, to permit further
solicitation of proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the
time of the Alpha special meeting to approve the proposal to
adopt the merger agreement.
The Alpha board of directors recommends that Alpha
stockholders vote
for
the proposal to adjourn the Alpha special meeting under certain
circumstances, and your properly signed and dated proxy will be
so voted unless you specify otherwise.
Stock
Ownership and Voting by Alphas Directors and Executive
Officers
As of the record date for the Alpha special meeting,
Alphas directors and executive officers had the right to
vote approximately 651,036 shares of the then outstanding
Alpha voting stock at the Alpha special meeting. As of the
record date of the Alpha special meeting, these shares
represented 0.92% of the Alpha common stock outstanding and
entitled to vote at the meeting. We currently expect that
Alphas directors and executive officers will vote their
shares
for
approval and adoption of the merger agreement, although none of
them has entered into any agreement requiring them to do so.
How to
Vote
You may vote in person at the Alpha special meeting or by proxy.
Alpha recommends you submit your proxy even if you plan to
attend the special meeting. If you vote by proxy, you may change
your vote if you attend and vote at the special meeting.
If you own common stock in your own name, you are an owner
of record. This means that you may use the enclosed proxy
card(s) to tell the persons named as proxies how to vote your
shares. If you properly complete, sign and date your proxy
card(s) or submit your proxy by telephone or over the Internet,
your proxy will be voted in accordance with your instructions.
The named proxies will vote all shares at the meeting for which
proxies have been properly submitted (whether by mail, telephone
or over the Internet) and not revoked. If you sign and return
41
your proxy card(s) but do not mark your card(s) to tell the
proxies how to vote your shares on each proposal, your proxy
will be voted as recommended by the Alpha board of directors.
If you hold shares of Alpha common stock in a stock brokerage
account or through a bank, broker or other nominee, or, in other
words, in street name, please follow the voting
instructions provided by that entity. With respect to the
proposal to adopt the merger agreement, if you do not instruct
your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares, your
bank, broker or other nominee will not be authorized to vote
with respect to this proposal and a broker non-vote will occur,
which will have the same effect as a vote
against
the adoption of the merger agreement. In addition, if you
do not instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote
your shares with respect to the proposal to adjourn the meeting
to solicit further proxies to approve the proposal to adopt the
merger agreement, a broker non-vote will occur.
If you abstain from voting with respect to the proposal to adopt
the merger agreement, it will have the same effect as a vote
against
the adoption of the merger agreement. With respect to the
proposal to adjourn the meeting to solicit further proxies to
approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, your
abstention will have the same effect as a vote
against
the proposal to adjourn the special meeting.
If you are an owner of record, you have three voting
options:
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Internet: You can vote over the
Internet at the Web address shown on your proxy card
(http://www.cesvote.com). Internet voting is available
24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you vote over the
Internet, do not return your proxy card(s).
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Telephone: In the U.S., Canada and
Puerto Rico, you can vote by telephone by calling the toll-free
number on your proxy card(s). Telephone voting is available
24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Easy-to-follow voice
prompts allow you to vote your shares and confirm that your
instructions have been properly recorded. If you vote by
telephone, do not return your proxy card(s).
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Mail: You can vote by mail by simply
signing, dating and mailing your proxy card(s) in the
postage-paid envelope included with this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
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A number of banks and brokerage firms participate in a program
that also permits stockholders whose shares are held in
street name to direct their vote by telephone or
over the Internet. If your shares are held in an account at a
bank or brokerage firm that participates in such a program, you
may direct the vote of these shares by telephone or over the
Internet by following the voting instructions enclosed with the
proxy form from the bank or brokerage firm. The Internet and
telephone proxy procedures are designed to authenticate
stockholders identities, to allow stockholders to give
their proxy voting instructions and to confirm that those
instructions have been properly recorded. Votes directed by
telephone or over the Internet through such a program must be
received by 11:59 p.m.
on ,
2008. Directing the voting of your shares will not affect your
right to vote in person if you decide to attend the Alpha
special meeting; however, you must first obtain a signed and
properly executed legal proxy from your bank, broker or other
nominee to vote your shares held in street name at
the special meeting. Requesting a legal proxy prior to the
deadline described above will automatically cancel any voting
directions you have previously given by telephone or over the
Internet with respect to your shares.
Revoking
Your Proxy
If you are the owner of record of your shares, you can revoke
your proxy at any time before its exercise by:
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sending a written notice to Alpha, at One Alpha Place,
P.O. Box 2345, Abingdon, Virginia 24212, attention:
Corporate Secretary, bearing a date later than the date of the
proxy, that is received prior to the Alpha special meeting and
states that you revoke your proxy;
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submitting your proxy again by telephone or over the Internet;
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signing another proxy card(s) bearing a later date and mailing
it so that it is received prior to the special meeting; or
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attending the special meeting and voting in person, although
attendance at the special meeting will not, by itself, revoke a
proxy.
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If your shares are held in street name by your
broker, you will need to follow the instructions you receive
from your broker to revoke or change your proxy.
42
Other
Voting Matters
Voting
in Person
If you plan to attend the Alpha special meeting and wish to vote
in person, we will give you a ballot at the special meeting.
However, if your shares are held in street name, you
must first obtain from your broker, bank or other nominee a
legal proxy authorizing you to vote the shares in person, which
you must bring with you to the special meeting.
Electronic
Access to Proxy Materials
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is available on our
Internet site at
http://www.alphanr.com.
People
with Disabilities
We can provide reasonable assistance to help you participate in
the special meeting if you tell us about your disability and how
you plan to attend. Please write to Alpha, at One Alpha Place,
P.O. Box 2345, Abingdon, Virginia 24212, attention:
Corporate Secretary, or call at
(276) 619-4410.
Proxy
Solicitations
Alpha is soliciting proxies for the Alpha special meeting from
Alpha stockholders. Alpha will bear the entire cost of
soliciting proxies from Alpha stockholders, except that Cliffs
and Alpha will share equally the expenses incurred in connection
with the filing with the SEC of the registration statement of
which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part and the
printing and mailing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
In addition to this mailing, Alphas directors, officers
and employees (who will not receive any additional compensation
for their services) may solicit proxies personally,
electronically or by telephone. Alpha has also engaged D.F.
King & Co., Inc., to assist in the solicitation of
proxies for a fee estimated not to exceed $50,000, plus
reimbursement of expenses. Alpha and its proxy solicitors will
also request that banks, brokerage houses and other custodians,
nominees and fiduciaries send proxy materials to the beneficial
owners of Alpha common stock and will, if requested, reimburse
the record holders for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses
in doing so.
Stockholders should not submit any stock certificates with
their proxy cards. A transmittal form with
instructions for the surrender of certificates representing
shares of common stock or book-entry shares of common stock, as
applicable, will be mailed to shares holders if the merger is
completed.
Other
Business
Alpha is not aware of any other business to be acted upon at the
special meeting. If, however, other matters are properly brought
before the Alpha special meeting, your proxies will have
discretion to vote or act on those matters according to their
best judgment and they intend to vote the shares as the Alpha
board of directors may recommend.
Assistance
If you need assistance in completing your proxy card or have
questions regarding Alphas special meeting, please contact
D.F. King & Co., Inc., 48 Wall Street,
22nd Floor,
New York, New York 10005, banks and brokers call collect:
(212) 269-5550,
all others call toll-free:
(888) 887-0082.
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THE
CLIFFS SPECIAL MEETING
General
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is being provided to
Cliffs shareholders as part of a solicitation of proxies by the
Cliffs board of directors for use at the special meeting of
Cliffs shareholders and at any adjournments or postponements
thereof. This joint proxy statement/prospectus is first being
furnished to shareholders of Cliffs on or
about ,
2008. This joint proxy statement/prospectus provides Cliffs
shareholders with information they need to know to be able to
vote or instruct their vote to be cast at the special meeting of
Cliffs shareholders.
Date,
Time and Place of the Cliffs Special Meeting
The special meeting of Cliffs shareholders will be held
at ,
on ,
2008,
at .
Purposes
of the Cliffs Special Meeting
At the Cliffs special meeting, Cliffs shareholders will be asked:
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to adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs
common shares pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement;
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to approve the adjournment or postponement of the Cliffs special
meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies
if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the Cliffs
special meeting to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
proposal to issue Cliffs common shares pursuant to the terms of
the merger agreement; and
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to consider and take action upon any other business that may
properly come before the Cliffs special meeting or any
reconvened meeting following an adjournment or postponement of
the Cliffs special meeting.
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Record
Date; Outstanding Shares; Shares Entitled to Vote
The record date for the meeting for Cliffs shareholders is
October 6, 2008. This means that you must have been a
holder of record of Cliffs common shares or
Series A-2
preferred stock at the close of business on October 6,
2008, in order to vote at the special meeting. You are entitled
to one vote for each common share and each share of
Series A-2
preferred stock you own. On Cliffs record date,
Cliffs voting securities carried 113,502,668 votes, which
consisted of 13,502,463 common shares (excluding
21,121,065 shares of treasury stock) and 205 shares of
Series A-2
preferred stock.
A complete list of Cliffs shareholders entitled to vote at the
Cliffs special meeting will be available for inspection at the
principal place of business of Cliffs during regular business
hours for a period of no less than ten days before the special
meeting and at the place of the Cliffs special meeting during
the meeting.
Quorum
and Vote Required
A quorum of shareholders is necessary to hold a valid special
meeting of Cliffs. The holders of a majority of the stock issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting,
present in person or represented by proxy, will constitute a
quorum at the special meeting of the shareholders for the
transaction of business at the meeting (with Cliffs common
shares and
Series A-2
preferred stock considered together as a single class).
Abstentions will be counted in determining whether a quorum is
present at the special meeting. As for broker non-votes, Cliffs
expects that there will be practical impediments that will
prevent Cliffs from counting the broker non-votes for purposes
of a quorum at the Cliffs special meeting because Cliffs does
not anticipate that there will be any routine
matters on the agenda for such meeting.
The adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the terms of the
merger agreement requires the approval of at least two-thirds of
the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding
common shares and
Series A-2
preferred stock of Cliffs, voting together as a class.
Accordingly, the failure to submit a proxy card or to vote in
person at the Cliffs special meeting or the abstention from
voting by Cliffs shareholders, or the failure of any Cliffs
shareholder who holds shares in street name
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through a bank or broker to give voting instructions to such
bank or broker, will have the same effect as a vote
against
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve
the issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the
merger.
The former owners of PinnOak, which, held, collectively, as of
the record date, 4,000,000 common shares of Cliffs, or
approximately 3.5% of all of the common shares of Cliffs issued
and outstanding as of the record date, and United Mining, which
held as of the record date 4,311,471 common shares of
Cliffs, or approximately 3.8% of the then issued and outstanding
common shares of Cliffs, each entered into separate voting
agreements with Cliffs, pursuant to which they have agreed,
among other things, to vote their respective common shares of
Cliffs in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement and the
approval of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the
merger.
To approve any adjournments or postponement of the Cliffs
special meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of
proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the
Cliffs special meeting to adopt the merger agreement and approve
the issuance of Cliffs common shares, the affirmative vote of a
majority of the voting shares represented at the special meeting
is required, regardless of whether or not a quorum is present.
Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote
against
the proposal to adjourn or postpone the special meeting,
while broker non-votes and shares not in attendance at the
special meeting will have no effect on the outcome of any vote
to adjourn or postpone the special meeting.
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ITEM 1
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THE
ADOPTION OF THE MERGER AGREEMENT AND THE ISSUANCE OF CLIFFS
COMMON SHARES PURSUANT TO THE MERGER AGREEMENT
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As discussed elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus,
Cliffs shareholders are considering and voting on a proposal to
adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance of common
shares of Cliffs pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement.
Cliffs shareholders should read carefully this joint proxy
statement/prospectus in its entirety for more detailed
information concerning the transactions contemplated by the
merger agreement, including the merger. In particular, Cliffs
shareholders are directed to the merger agreement, which is
attached as Annex A to this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
The Cliffs board of directors recommends that Cliffs
shareholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of common shares pursuant to the merger and your
properly signed and dated proxy will be so voted unless you
specify otherwise.
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ITEM 2
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APPROVE
ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT OF THE SPECIAL MEETING, IF
NECESSARY, TO PERMIT FURTHER SOLICITATION OF PROXIES IF THERE
ARE NOT SUFFICIENT VOTES AT THE TIME OF THE CLIFFS SPECIAL
MEETING TO APPROVE THE PROPOSAL TO ADOPT THE MERGER
AGREEMENT AND ISSUE CLIFFS COMMON SHARES IN CONNECTION WITH THE
MERGER
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Cliffs shareholders may be asked to vote on a proposal to
adjourn or postpone the Cliffs special meeting, if necessary, to
permit further solicitation of proxies if there are not
sufficient votes at the time of the Cliffs special meeting to
approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and issue
common shares of Cliffs pursuant to the terms of the merger
agreement.
The Cliffs board of directors recommends that Cliffs
shareholders vote
for
the proposal to adjourn or postpone the Cliffs special meeting
under certain circumstances, and your properly signed and dated
proxy will be so voted unless you specify otherwise.
Share
Ownership and Voting by Cliffs Directors and Executive
Officers
As of the record date for the Cliffs special meeting,
Cliffs directors and executive officers had the right to
vote approximately 1,574,181 shares of the then outstanding
Cliffs voting stock at the Cliffs special meeting. As of the
record date of the Cliffs special meeting, these shares
represented approximately 1.39% of the Cliffs common shares
outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting. We currently
expect that Cliffs directors and executive officers will
vote their shares
for
the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in connection with the merger,
although none of them has entered into any agreement requiring
them to do so.
45
How to
Vote
You may vote in person at the Cliffs special meeting or by
proxy. Cliffs recommends you submit your proxy even if you plan
to attend the special meeting. If you submit your proxy, you may
change your vote if you attend and vote at the special meeting.
If you own stock in your own name, you are an owner of
record. This means that you may use the enclosed proxy
card(s) to tell the persons named as proxies how to vote your
shares. If you properly complete, sign and date your proxy
card(s) or submit your proxy by telephone or over the Internet,
your proxy will be voted in accordance with your instructions.
The named proxies will vote all shares at the meeting for which
proxies have been properly submitted (whether by mail, telephone
or over the Internet) and not revoked. If you sign and return
your proxy card(s) but do not mark your card(s) to tell the
proxies how to vote your shares on each proposal, your proxy
will be voted as recommended by the Cliffs board of directors.
If you hold Cliffs shares in a stock brokerage account or
through a bank, broker or other nominee, or, in other words, in
street name, please follow the voting instructions
provided by that entity. With respect to the proposal relating
to the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the
issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the merger
agreement, if you do not instruct your bank, broker or other
nominee how to vote your shares, your bank, broker or other
nominee will not be authorized to vote with respect to the
proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance
of Cliffs common shares in the merger, and a broker non-vote
will occur. This will have the same effect as the vote
against
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in the merger. In addition, if
you do not instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to
vote your shares with respect to the proposal to adjourn or
postpone the meeting to solicit further proxies to approve the
proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the issuance
of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the merger agreement, a
broker non-vote will occur.
If you abstain from voting with respect to the proposal to the
issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the merger
agreement, your abstention will have the same effect as a vote
against
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of Cliffs common shares in the merger. With respect to
the proposal to adjourn or postpone the meeting to solicit
further proxies to approve the proposal to adopt the merger
agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common shares in
the merger, your abstention will have the same effect as a vote
againstthe
proposal to adjourn or postpone the special meeting, whether the
quorum is present or not.
If you are an owner of record, you have three voting
options:
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Internet: You can vote over the
Internet at the Web address shown on your proxy card(s). You
will be prompted to enter your Control Number from your proxy
card. This number will identify you as a shareholder of record.
Follow the simple instructions that will be given to you to
record your vote. If you vote over the Internet, do not return
your proxy card(s).
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Telephone: You can vote by telephone by
calling the toll-free number on your proxy card(s). You will be
prompted to enter your Control Number from your proxy card. This
number will identify you as a shareholder of record. Follow the
simple instructions that will be given to you to record your
vote. If you vote by telephone, do not return your proxy card(s).
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Mail: You can vote by mail by simply
signing, dating and mailing your proxy card(s) in the
postage-paid envelope included with this joint proxy
statement/prospectus.
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A number of banks and brokerage firms participate in a program
that also permits shareholders whose shares are held in
street name to direct their vote by telephone or
over the Internet. If your shares are held in an account at a
bank or brokerage firm that participates in such a program, you
may direct the vote of these shares by telephone or over the
Internet by following the voting instructions enclosed with the
proxy form from the bank or brokerage firm. The Internet and
telephone proxy procedures are designed to authenticate
shareholders identities, to allow shareholders to give
their proxy voting instructions and to confirm that those
instructions have been properly
46
recorded. Votes directed by telephone or over the Internet
through such a program must be received by 11:59 p.m.,
on ,
2008. Directing the voting of your shares will not affect your
right to vote in person if you decide to attend the Cliffs
special meeting; however, you must first obtain a signed and
properly executed legal proxy from your bank, broker or other
nominee to vote your shares held in street name at
your special meeting. Requesting a legal proxy prior to the
deadline described above will automatically cancel any voting
directions you have previously given by telephone or over the
Internet with respect to your shares.
Special Instructions for Northshore Mining Company and Silver
Bay Power Company Retirement Savings Plan
Participants. Each participant in the Northshore
Mining Company and Silver Bay Power Company Retirement Savings
Plan, or the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan, has the right to
instruct the trustee of the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan as to
how to have the shares held in such participants plan
account voted at the Cliffs special meeting. The Northshore and
Silver Bay Plan participants cannot vote their Northshore and
Silver Bay Plan shares directly; they can only direct the
trustee how to vote those shares. The Northshore and Silver Bay
Plan participants must return their instructions to the trustee
on the enclosed proxy card by no later than the close of
business on
,
2008. If the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan participants do not
return timely instructions to the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan
trustee as to how to vote their shares or if the proxy card is
unsigned, the shares of such Northshore and Silver Bay Plan
participants will not be voted. Therefore, it is very important
that participants in the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan provide
the trustee with prompt and proper instructions. The Cliffs
board of directors urges the Northshore and Silver Bay Plan
participants to instruct the trustee to vote their shares FOR
the proposals set forth in the proxy card.
Revoking
Your Proxy
If you are the owner of record of your shares, you can revoke
your proxy at any time before its exercise by:
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sending a written notice to Cliffs, at 1100 Superior Avenue
East, Suite 1500, Cleveland, Ohio 44114, attention:
Corporate Secretary, bearing a date later than the date of the
proxy that is received prior to the Cliffs special meeting and
states that you revoke your proxy;
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submitting your proxy again by telephone or over the Internet;
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signing another proxy card(s) bearing a later date and mailing
it so that it is received prior to the special meeting; or
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attending the special meeting and voting in person, although
attendance at the special meeting will not, by itself, revoke a
proxy.
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If your shares are held in street name by your
broker, you will need to follow the instructions you receive
from your broker to revoke or change your proxy.
Other
Voting Matters
Voting
in Person
If you plan to attend the Cliffs special meeting and wish to
vote in person, we will give you a ballot at the special
meeting. However, if your shares are held in street
name, you must first obtain a legal proxy from your
broker, bank or other nominee authorizing you to vote the shares
in person, which you must bring with you to the special meeting.
Electronic
Access to Proxy Material
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is available on our
Internet site at
http://www.cliffsnaturalresources.com.
People
with Disabilities
We can provide you with reasonable assistance to help you
participate in the special meeting if you tell us about your
disability and how you plan to attend. Please write to Cliffs,
at 1100 Superior Avenue East, Suite 1500,
47
Cleveland, Ohio 44114, attention: Corporate Secretary, or call
at
(216) 694-5700,
at least two weeks before the special meeting.
Proxy
Solicitations
Cliffs is soliciting proxies for the Cliffs special meeting from
Cliffs shareholders. Cliffs will bear the entire cost of
soliciting proxies from Cliffs shareholders, except that Cliffs
and Alpha will share equally the expenses incurred in connection
with the filing with the SEC of the registration statement of
which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part and the
printing and mailing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
In addition to this mailing, Cliffs directors, officers
and employees (who will not receive any additional compensation
for their services) may solicit proxies personally,
electronically or by telephone. Cliffs has also engaged
Innisfree M&A Incorporated to assist in the solicitation of
proxies for a fee not to exceed $400,000 plus reimbursement of
expenses, including phone calls. Cliffs and its proxy solicitors
will also request that banks, brokerage houses and other
custodians, nominees and fiduciaries send proxy materials to the
beneficial owners of Cliffs common shares and will, if
requested, reimburse the record holders for their reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses in doing so.
Other
Business
Cliffs is not aware of any other business to be acted upon at
the special meeting. If, however, other matters are properly
brought before the special meeting, your proxies will have
discretion to vote or act on those matters according to their
best judgment and they intend to vote the shares as the Cliffs
board of directors may recommend.
Assistance
If you need assistance in completing your proxy card or have
questions regarding Cliffs special meeting, please contact
Innisfree M&A Incorporated, 501 Madison Avenue,
20th Floor, New York, NY 10022, shareholders may call
toll-free: (877) 456-3507,
banks and brokers call collect:
(212) 750-5833.
THE
MERGER
General
Pursuant to the merger agreement, merger sub (which has been
renamed Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. effective August 11, 2008)
will merge with and into Alpha (or, under certain circumstances
as described in Annex G, merger sub will be
converted from a Delaware corporation into a Delaware limited
liability company, Alpha Merger Sub, LLC, and Alpha will merge
with and into Alpha Merger Sub, LLC). As a result of the merger,
Alpha will become wholly owned by Cliffs.
Background
of the Merger
As part of the continuous evaluation of its business,
Cliffs board of directors and management have regularly
evaluated Cliffs business strategy and prospects for
growth and considered opportunities to improve Cliffs
operations and financial performance in order to create value
for Cliffs shareholders. As part of this process Cliffs
management has evaluated various opportunities to expand and
diversify its business through acquisitions, and has discussed
such opportunities with Cliffs board of directors. As part
of these evaluations, the Cliffs board of directors and
management on various occasions have received advice from
outside financial and legal advisors.
During the early 2000s, the Cliffs board of directors
reviewed various options for the business and determined that a
strategy of growth and diversification was the best way to
generate value for Cliffs shareholders. As a result of such
evaluations, Cliffs has recently effected a number of strategic
transactions, including the acquisition of a controlling
interest in Australian iron ore producer Portman in 2005.
Joseph A. Carrabba, Cliffs Chairman, President and Chief
Executive Officer, was hired by Cliffs in 2005 and became Chief
Executive Officer in 2006 because of his extensive background in
global diversified mining, having over two decades of experience
in the industry, most recently as President and Chief
Operating Officer for Diavik Diamond Mines, Inc., a subsidiary
of Rio Tinto plc. Prior to his position at Diavik Diamond Mines,
Inc.,
48
Mr. Carrabba served as General Manager of Weipa Bauxite
Operation of Comalco Aluminum and in a variety of other
positions throughout his career at Rio Tinto plc. In 2005,
Mr. Carrabba led a strategic review of various minerals
with the Cliffs board of directors to determine the best
approach to growth and diversification.
In early 2007, Cliffs began articulating its strategy of
diversification to a broad group of investors. This
communication included an evaluation of various minerals
throughout the periodic table and a discussion on various
geographies.
During the first half of 2007, Cliffs acquired 30% of
Amapá, a Brazilian iron ore producer, and 45% of Sonoma, an
Australian coal operation. Sonoma was Cliffs first
acquisition of coal assets.
On June 14, 2007, Cliffs announced the acquisition of
metallurgical coal producer PinnOak. In addition to the PinnOak
transaction, Cliffs has evaluated other coal mining
opportunities from time to time, including an acquisition of
Alpha.
Alpha, in consultation with outside legal and financial
advisors, regularly reviews strategic alternatives to
Alphas stand-alone plan, including business combinations
with, acquisitions of and sales to, other companies active in
the metals and mining sector. In connection with and as a result
of these ongoing reviews, in 2006 and 2007 Alpha engaged in
preliminary or exploratory confidential discussions with several
potential acquisition targets, merger partners and acquirers.
In 2006 and 2007, Alpha, in consultation with its outside
counsel, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, or
Cleary Gottlieb, and its financial advisor, considered and
engaged in exploratory discussions and due diligence with
another company operating in the coal mining sector, which is
referred to as Company 1, regarding a possible at-market merger
of equals between Alpha and Company 1. These discussions did not
result in a transaction due to disagreements relating to the
relative valuation of the two companies and the appropriate
allocation of management responsibilities for the combined
company. As an alternative to this proposed merger of equals
transaction, Company 1 made a preliminary proposal to acquire
Alpha. At a special meeting of the board of directors of Alpha
held on May 31, 2007, the Alpha board determined that this
preliminary proposal was inadequate. Discussions between Alpha
and Company 1 terminated shortly thereafter.
Also in 2007, Alpha, in consultation with Cleary Gottlieb and
its financial advisor, considered and engaged in exploratory
discussions and due diligence with a different company operating
in the coal mining sector, which is referred to as Company 2,
regarding a possible acquisition of Alpha by Company 2 for
all-stock consideration. These discussions terminated in the
summer of 2007, when Company 2 informed Alpha that it did not
intend to proceed with the potential transaction because, in
view of the trading prices of the stock of the respective
companies, the transaction would be economically dilutive to
Company 2.
In late spring 2007, Michael J. Quillen, Alphas Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Carrabba had a
preliminary conversation regarding the general possibility of a
strategic collaboration between Cliffs and Alpha.
During the spring and summer of 2007, Cliffs and Alpha discussed
the possibility of a stock-for-stock transaction in which Cliffs
would have acquired all of the common stock of Alpha at an
implied premium to Alphas trading price. As part of those
discussions, the parties entered into a confidentiality
agreement on June 21, 2007, which contained reciprocal
standstill obligations of the parties for a period of
18 months, subject to specified exceptions.
During July and August 2007, Alpha and Cliffs and their
respective financial and legal advisors conducted reciprocal due
diligence investigations and engaged in further discussions
regarding the terms of this potential all-stock transaction. The
discussions did not progress beyond preliminary analyses of the
economics of an exchange ratio and the structure of the
transaction and the post-transaction governance arrangements.
On August 9, 2007, Cliffs management and the members of the
board of directors held a board meeting. Representatives of
Cliffs outside counsel, Jones Day, and other outside
advisors participated in the meetings. At the meeting,
management and the board conducted a strategic review of the
global coal industry and potential opportunities in the coal
space. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Cliffs board of
directors authorized management to continue pursuing a possible
merger transaction with Alpha.
49
On September 11, 2007, Cliffs management and board of
directors, at a regularly scheduled meeting, further discussed a
potential transaction with Alpha. The Cliffs board of directors
determined that it was not the right time to pursue a potential
transaction with Alpha.
On September 18, 2007, Mr. Carrabba notified
Mr. Quillen that the Cliffs board was not prepared to
proceed with the proposed business combination at that time.
In the course of the Alpha boards oversight of
Alphas discussions with Cliffs, the board considered the
interests that one director of Alpha, John Brinzo, had in Cliffs
as a result of his former role as Chair of Cliffs, including his
receipt of a pension from Cliffs and ownership of common shares
and unvested performance shares of Cliffs. Mr. Brinzo
confirmed that he no longer owed any duties to Cliffs, including
duties of disclosure or confidentiality, and that he would share
with the Alpha board all material information in his possession
relating to Cliffs. The Alpha board considered and discussed
Mr. Brinzos former relationship with and interests
relating to Cliffs from time to time at meetings in 2007 and
2008 whenever discussions turned to Alphas relationship
with Cliffs, including in executive session without
Mr. Brinzo present. After considering the factual
background, the board took the view consistently during 2007 and
2008 that Mr. Brinzos prior relationship with Cliffs
and his existing interests in Cliffs did not preclude him from
being a valuable contributor to the Alpha boards
deliberations about strategic alternatives and matters relating
to Cliffs and, in any event, that Mr. Brinzo was not in any
way improperly influencing the deliberative processes of the
board.
Beginning in November 2007, Mr. Carrabba engaged in
informal discussions on several occasions with the Chief
Financial Officer of another North American coal producer, which
is referred to as Company A, regarding a potential combination
of the two companies. The parties did not enter into a
confidentiality agreement or engage in due diligence. The
potential opportunity to acquire Company A was first reviewed
with the Cliffs board in January 2008. Mr. Carrabba and the
Chairman of Company A met on February 25, 2008. At that
meeting, Mr. Carrabba outlined in general terms the
possibility of a stock and cash offer for Company A. Company
As Chairman indicated that while he was open to
discussions, a stock deal would not be attractive and he was not
convinced of the strategic rationale of the proposed
combination. With worsening credit markets in March and April
and a sharp increase in Company As stock price, Cliffs
determined that an offer to acquire Company A at that time was
not feasible. The discussions with Company A did not progress
beyond the February 25 meeting.
In 2007, in addition to the respective discussions described
above with Cliffs, Company 1 and Company 2, Alpha, in
consultation with its advisors, engaged in exploratory and
preliminary discussions with strategic and financial buyers who
contacted Alpha to express an interest in considering an
acquisition of Alpha. These strategic and financial buyers
withdrew from or ceased discussions before the discussions ever
advanced beyond the exploratory and preliminary stage.
Beginning in mid-April 2008, Cliffs management and
J.P. Morgan, financial advisor to Cliffs, met on several
occasions to discuss potential acquisition opportunities, with
an emphasis on opportunities to acquire metallurgical coal
assets.
Exploratory discussions of a possible transaction involving
Alpha and Cliffs resumed in April 2008. In late April 2008,
Mr. Quillen and Mr. Carrabba agreed to reinitiate
exploratory discussions for a potential combination involving
Alpha, Cliffs and Company A. Executives from Cliffs and Alpha
had further exploratory discussions about this potential
combination on April 28 and April 29, 2008.
In April 2008, Mr. Carrabba contacted a representative of a
company with interests in the metals and mining sector, which is
referred to as Company 4, to request a meeting to generally
discuss current business between the companies. As a result of
this contact, on April 28, 2008, a senior executive of
Company 4 met with Mr. Carrabba. During this meeting, the
representatives of Company 4 indicated that Company 4 would be
interested in a potential acquisition of Cliffs for cash, but
did not mention any price.
During May 2008, exploratory discussions between Alpha and
Company 2 regarding a potential transaction resumed. These
discussions focused on a possible acquisition of Company 2 by
Alpha for all-stock consideration.
50
During May 2008, Alpha also signed a confidentiality agreement
with another company in the coal sector, which is referred to as
Company 3, and commenced preliminary discussions and due
diligence with senior representatives of Company 3 with a view
toward an acquisition of Company 3 by Alpha.
In addition to these discussions with Cliffs, Company 2 and
Company 3, during the first half of 2008, Alpha engaged in
exploratory discussions and due diligence with other parties
about other potential significant acquisition transactions by
Alpha. None of these acquisition transactions advanced beyond
these preliminary stages due to either a reluctance of the
counterparty to sell or different perspectives on valuation.
On May 6, 2008, Mr. Carrabba and Laurie Brlas,
Cliffs Chief Financial Officer, met with Mr. Quillen,
Kevin Crutchfield, Alphas President, and David Stuebe,
Alphas Chief Financial Officer, to discuss the possible
combination involving Cliffs, Alpha and Company A.
Representatives of J.P. Morgan and Citi were also in
attendance. During this meeting, representatives of Cliffs
proposed a potential three-way, all-stock combination in which
Alpha and Company A would each have received a 10% premium and
two seats on the combined companys board of directors. All
in attendance at the meeting agreed that the potential three-way
combination merited further consideration. Each of Cliffs and
Alpha agreed to discuss the potential combination with their
respective boards of directors in upcoming board meetings.
On May 13, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors held a
regularly scheduled board meeting. Representatives from
J.P. Morgan, Cliffs financial advisor, and Jones Day,
legal counsel to Cliffs, participated in the meeting.
Cliffs management and representatives of J.P. Morgan
discussed with the Cliffs board of directors a number of trends
in the iron ore and coal industries. During the course of the
meeting, Cliffs management indicated its view that the
acquisition of PinnOak, while recently completed, had been very
successful. Cliffs management also reiterated its belief
that an acquisition of, or a combination with, a significant
producer of metallurgical coal was a critical component to the
successful implementation of Cliffs long-term growth
strategy to create value for Cliffs shareholders. Toward that
end, Cliffs management and representatives of
J.P. Morgan outlined a number of potential opportunities to
acquire metallurgical coal assets, including the possible
combination involving Cliffs, Alpha and Company A. Cliffs
management reported on the preliminary discussions of the
May 6th meeting
with Alpha regarding the potential three-way combination.
Cliffs board of directors carefully considered the
benefits and risks of a potential transaction among Cliffs,
Alpha and Company A and, following a thorough discussion,
Cliffs board of directors authorized management to engage
in formal discussions with Alpha and Company A regarding a
combination of the three companies. Also, at the meeting, the
directors, as well as members of Cliffs senior management
and representatives of Cliffs legal and financial advisors
also reviewed the discussions between Mr. Carrabba and the
senior representative of Company 4, as well as Cliffs
stand-alone plan. Cliffs board of directors asked a number
of questions of its legal and financial advisors. After a
careful deliberation and consideration, the Cliffs board of
directors determined that it was not in the best interests of
Cliffs and its shareholders to pursue a transaction with Company
4 at that time. The board of directors instructed Cliffs
management to inform Company 4 of its decision.
On May 14, 2008, the Alpha board of directors held a
regularly scheduled meeting, in which members of Alpha senior
management also participated. During the meeting, the board
reviewed the recent discussions with Cliffs, Company 2 and
Company 3, as well as other alternatives available to Alpha. The
Alpha board of directors engaged in a discussion regarding the
benefits and risks of potential transactions involving Cliffs,
Company A, Company 2, Company 3 and other alternatives available
to Alpha and, thereafter, instructed Alphas management to
continue discussions with respect to these potential
transactions.
On May 15, 2008, Mr. Carrabba informed a senior
representative of Company 4 that Cliffs was not interested in
pursuing a transaction with Company 4 at such time. Following
this conversation, Company 4 did not subsequently contact Cliffs
regarding a potential transaction.
On May 16, 2008, Mr. Quillen spoke with Company
As Chairman, who agreed to meet with representatives from
Alpha and Cliffs later that spring.
On May 28, 2008, a representative of Company 4 contacted an
executive of Alpha to request a meeting. As a result of this
contact, on June 4, 2008, representatives of Alpha met with
representatives of Company 4. During this
51
meeting, the representatives of Company 4 indicated that Company
4 would be interested in a potential acquisition of Alpha for
cash.
On May 30, 2008, after consulting with members of the Alpha
board of directors, Mr. Quillen sent to Company 2s
Chief Executive Officer a preliminary, non-binding proposal
letter outlining the main terms of a possible acquisition of
Company 2 by Alpha for all-stock consideration representing a
25% premium over Company 2s trading price on a date to be
agreed. On June 3, 2008, representatives of Alpha and
Company 2 and their respective financial and legal advisors met
for a preliminary discussion on the main terms of the proposed
transaction. Following this meeting, Alpha and Company 2,
together with their advisors, began negotiations regarding the
terms of a potential transaction, including the terms of a
merger agreement.
During the first week of June 2008, senior representatives of
Company 3 and Alpha held further preliminary discussions about a
business combination of the two companies. Talks with Company 3
about such a business combination never progressed beyond the
preliminary stage.
On June 2, 2008, Mr. Carrabba and Mr. Quillen had a
meeting with the Chairman of Company A to discuss a potential
combination of the three companies. The Chairman of Company A
indicated that he would discuss the potential combination with
his board of directors at an upcoming meeting. Shortly
thereafter, Mr. Carrabba contacted the Chairman of Company
A to
follow-up on
the June 2, 2008 meeting and to determine whether Company A
would be willing to enter into a customary confidentiality
agreement with Cliffs and Alpha so that the parties could
commence reciprocal due diligence. Company As Chairman
indicated that while he believed the potential combination might
be worth exploring, Company As board of directors was not
willing to pursue a potential transaction at that time.
Following Mr. Carrabbas discussion with Company A,
Mr. Carrabba and Mr. Quillen had further discussions.
Despite the fact that Company A was unwilling to pursue further
discussions regarding a potential three-way combination,
Mr. Carrabba and Mr. Quillen continued to believe that
a combination of Cliffs and Alpha was a compelling transaction
that the parties should continue to explore. They agreed to
continue to engage in discussions and due diligence with respect
to a potential combination between the two companies. During
these further discussions, Mr. Carrabba reiterated
Cliffs interest in pursuing a combination with Alpha for
all-stock consideration at a 10% premium.
On June 9, 2008, Alpha engaged Citi to act as its financial
advisor in connection with the proposed transaction with Cliffs,
which engagement was formalized pursuant to an engagement letter
executed on July 15, 2008.
Also on June 9, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of the
board of directors at which the directors reviewed and
discussed, in consultation with management, Citi and Cleary
Gottlieb, the alternatives available to Alpha. Alphas
senior management and representatives of Citi reviewed with the
Alpha board the recent discussions with Cliffs, Company 2,
Company 3 and Company 4, as well as other potential
counterparties. After a discussion regarding the risks and
benefits of these potential transactions, the Alpha board of
directors instructed management to continue its ongoing
discussions with Cliffs and the other interested parties.
On June 10, 2008, Mr. Quillen and Mr. Crutchfield
met with representatives of Company 4. During the meeting,
Company 4s representatives made a verbal, non-binding
proposal to acquire Alpha at a price of $97 to $100 per share in
cash and requested a response from Alpha to this proposal within
48 hours.
On June 11, 2008, Mr. Crutchfield called a
representative of Company 4 to inform him that Alphas
board of directors, with the assistance of Alphas
advisors, would carefully consider Company 4s proposal in
the context of Alphas stand-alone strategy and other
opportunities that Alpha had been considering and would not be
in a position to provide a response before completing such a
thorough review and assessment. Mr. Crutchfield also
indicated that Alpha was willing to share confidential
information with Company 4 upon its entering into a
confidentiality and standstill agreement. On June 12, 2008,
Mr. Quillen spoke to a representative of Company 4 to
convey a similar message.
Also on June 11, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of the
board of directors at which the directors, in consultation with
Alphas senior management and representatives of Citi and
Cleary Gottlieb, discussed and analyzed the oral, non-binding
proposal received from Company 4, the recent discussions with
Cliffs and Company
52
2, and the latest developments on the other strategic
opportunities under consideration. The Alpha board of directors
instructed management to continue its ongoing discussions with
Cliffs and the other interested parties and determined to
discuss these developments again at another board meeting to be
scheduled later that month.
On June 13, 2008, Company 4 sent a letter to Alpha
reiterating Company 4s non-binding proposal to acquire all
the outstanding shares of Alpha common stock at a cash price of
$97 to $100 per share and requesting a response by June 20,
2008. During this period, the trading price of Alpha common
stock at times exceeded the price being offered by Company 4
(e.g., the opening trading price per share on June 19, 2008
was $102.40).
On June 16, 2008, representatives of Cliffs, Jones Day and
J.P. Morgan met to discuss a potential business combination
transaction with Alpha. On June 18, 2008, Mr. Carrabba
asked Mr. Quillen to inform him, after Alphas next
board meeting, whether Alpha remained interested in a business
combination transaction with Cliffs on the terms previously
discussed.
On June 19, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of the board
of directors at which the directors, as well as members of
Alphas senior management and representatives of Citi and
Cleary Gottlieb, reviewed in detail Alphas alternatives
and stand-alone plan. Alpha management updated the directors on
the latest developments regarding potential transactions under
consideration by Alpha, including the status of discussions with
Cliffs, Company 2, Company 3, and Company 4. Representatives
from Citi reviewed with the board information about and analyses
of the various strategic alternatives available to Alpha.
Representatives from Cleary Gottlieb then discussed with the
board the legal standards applicable to its decisions and
actions with respect to the various potential transactions. The
Alpha board instructed management to continue to pursue
discussions with each of Cliffs, Company 2, and Company 4 in
order to more fully develop, refine and, if possible, improve
each of these alternatives and, in the case of Company 4 and
Cliffs (but not Company 2), to convey that their most recent
proposals were inadequate.
On June 20, 2008, Mr. Quillen communicated to Company
4 that its proposal at $97 to $100 in cash was inadequate and to
Cliffs that the 10% all-stock premium that Cliffs had discussed
in the context of the earlier discussions was inadequate.
Mr. Quillen then updated the Alpha board on these
discussions. In parallel, Alpha management proceeded with
negotiations and discussions with Company 2.
On June 24, 2008, Cliffs and Alpha entered into a
clean team confidentiality agreement governing the
exchange of sensitive confidential information to selected
representatives of each other in the context of the reciprocal
due diligence for a possible business combination transaction.
On June 26, 2008, Mr. Carrabba, Ms. Brlas and
Mr. Steve Baisden, Cliffs director of investor
relations, met with a senior representative of Harbinger Capital
Partners as part of a customary road show with one of
Cliffs sell-side analysts. Cliffs did not provide
Harbinger Capital Partners with any non-public information. The
parties discussed general industry dynamics and Cliffs strategy
to diversify and further expand into coal. Cliffs noted that
Appalachian coal was ripe for consolidation. The senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners expressed strong
support for Cliffs acquisition of PinnOak. Based on
filings with the SEC, Harbinger Capital Partners increased its
ownership stake in Cliffs shortly after the June 26, 2008
meeting.
On June 27, 2008, Alpha and Company 4 entered into a
confidentiality agreement that contained reciprocal standstill
obligations of the parties.
On June 30, 2008, representatives of Cliffs and
J.P. Morgan, on one hand, and Alpha and Citi, on the other
hand, met to conduct reciprocal financial and operational due
diligence and to discuss the terms, conditions and structure of
a potential combination of Cliffs and Alpha.
Also on June 30, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of the
board of directors at which the directors discussed and
analyzed, in consultation with management, Citi and Cleary
Gottlieb, the most recent discussions with Cliffs, Company 2,
and Company 4 and further prepared themselves to be in a
position to act quickly and in an informed manner if revised
proposals were made by Cliffs, Company 2, or Company 4.
From June 20 through July 8, 2008, Alphas senior
management and advisors continued to engage in negotiations with
Company 2 and its advisors regarding the terms of the proposed
merger transaction, including exchanging several drafts of a
merger agreement. In the course of these negotiations, Alpha and
Company 2 agreed to increase the premium payable to Company
2 shareholders from 25% to 27%. By July 8, 2008, the
primary open
53
issue in the negotiations between Alpha and Company 2 was how
to allocate the risk that the financing needed for the proposed
transaction would not be obtained. Although the proposed
transaction with Company 2 called for all-stock consideration,
the combination would trigger acceleration of debt, mostly at
Company 2, that would have had to be refinanced. On July 8,
Company 2s Chief Executive Officer communicated to Alpha
that Company 2 would suspend all activity on the contemplated
transaction until Alpha agreed that the merger agreement would
contain neither any financing condition nor any limitation on
Alphas liability in the event closing failed to occur due
to the failure of the financing to be disbursed. Alphas
board of directors did not believe this to be a reasonable
request. Alpha and Company 2 and their advisors then ceased
discussions on the merger agreement. However, Alpha continued
discussions with its debt financing sources regarding the terms
of the financing for the proposed transaction and continued to
update Company 2 regarding these discussions. Alphas
senior management and advisors then took steps to facilitate the
making of revised acquisition proposals by each of Cliffs and
Company 4. These activities included the sharing of due
diligence materials with Cliffs and Company 4 and impressing
upon them the need to come forward with their best and final
proposals.
On July 2 and 3, 2008, representatives of Cliffs and Alpha and
their respective financial advisors engaged in numerous
discussions concerning due diligence and potential transaction
structures.
On July 8 and 9, 2008, representatives of Company 4 and its
advisors attended site visits and management presentations at
Alphas facilities.
Also on July 8 and 9, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors
convened a regularly scheduled meeting. Representatives from
J.P. Morgan and Jones Day participated in the meeting on
the morning of July 8, 2008. At this meeting, the Cliffs
management reviewed with the Cliffs board of directors the
status of the discussions to date with Alpha and Citi regarding
a potential business combination transaction. Also at this
meeting, J.P. Morgan presented a preliminary analysis of a
combination of Cliffs and Alpha. In addition, Jones Day
discussed the board of directors fiduciary duties in the
context of an acquisition transaction. At the conclusion of the
July 8, 2008 board meeting, Cliffs board of directors
authorized management to make a formal non-binding offer of
$13.78 per share in cash and one common share of Cliffs for each
share of Alpha common stock.
On July 8, 2008, Cliffs executed an engagement letter with
J.P. Morgan.
During the late morning on July 8, 2008, representatives of
Cliffs management, Jones Day and J.P. Morgan met to
discuss the non-binding offer to acquire Alpha, the outstanding
due diligence requests and the terms of the financing to be
arranged by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which is referred to as
JPMCB.
Also, during the early afternoon of July 8, 2008, a senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners called
Mr. Carrabba and Ms. Brlas to consult generally about
factors to consider when contemplating an acquisition of
Appalachian coal assets or coal assets in Alabama. The parties
discussed generally those factors that Cliffs typically focuses
on in connection with such acquisitions. The senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners thanked them for
the information and concluded the call.
During the afternoon of July 8, 2008, Mr. Carrabba and
Ms. Brlas met with Mr. Quillen and
Mr. Crutchfield in Abingdon, Virginia. At this meeting,
Mr. Carrabba and Ms. Brlas presented to
Mr. Quillen and Mr. Crutchfield the terms of
Cliffs non-binding offer for the acquisition of all
outstanding shares of Alpha common stock for a per share
consideration of one Cliffs common share and $13.78 in cash.
Based on the closing price of Cliffs common shares on
July 7, 2008, the proposal was valued at $112.13 per share,
which represented an implied premium of approximately 28% as of
that date. In the proposal to Alpha, Cliffs proposed to expand
its board of directors to include Mr. Quillen, who would
become non-executive vice chairman of Cliffs, and Glenn A.
Eisenberg, a non-management member of Alphas board. In
addition, Cliffs proposed to appoint Mr. Crutchfield to the
post of president of Cliffs coal division, and to call the
combined company Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. This
proposal indicated, among other things, that the proposed
acquisition would not be subject to any financing condition and
that both parties would be subject to a customary reciprocal
break-up fee.
On July 9, 2008, Cliffs delivered to Alpha an initial draft
of the merger agreement.
Also on July 9, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of its
board of directors at which the directors, in consultation with
management, Citi and Cleary Gottlieb, analyzed and discussed
Cliffs July 8, 2008 proposal and
54
the alternatives available to Alpha, including the possibility
of a revised proposal from Company 4. Alphas senior
management then reviewed with the Alpha board the results of
Alphas financial and legal due diligence investigation of
Cliffs in 2007 and its additional investigation during the prior
weeks. Representatives of Cleary Gottlieb and Citi informed the
board that, under Ohio law, the transaction would require the
approval of two-thirds of Cliffs outstanding shares and
that Harbinger Capital Partners would therefore play a very
important role in determining whether shareholder approval would
be obtained. Harbinger Capital Partners has shared voting and
dispositive power with respect to 16,616,472 shares (based
upon information contained in an amendment to Schedule 13D
filed by Harbinger Capital Partners with the SEC on
August 14, 2008), which constituted 14.64%, of Cliffs
outstanding common shares as of October 6, 2008. The board
of directors instructed Alphas management and advisors to
continue negotiations with Cliffs on the terms of the proposed
transaction as set forth in the draft merger agreement and to
communicate to Cliffs that the board strongly believed that
Cliffs should discuss the proposed transaction with Harbinger
Capital Partners prior to the execution of a definitive merger
agreement. The board of directors also instructed Alphas
management and advisors to continue working on the terms of the
financing for the possible transaction with Company 2. In
addition, the board instructed Alphas management to
communicate to Company 4s advisors that if Company 4
intended to make a revised proposal for the acquisition of
Alpha, it should do so in the next few days. Representatives of
Alpha subsequently informed Company 4 that any revised proposal
should be submitted no later than July 14, 2008.
On July 9, 2008, Mr. Quillen indicated to the Chief
Executive Officer of Company 2 that Alpha was now in serious
discussions with another party for a strategic transaction and
that he anticipated that the value represented by this other
transaction would be of interest to Alphas board.
Mr. Quillen advised the Chief Executive Officer of Company
2 that Alpha was proceeding with negotiations with its banks on
financing of the transaction with Company 2 and would continue
that work and that Alpha hoped to report back on July 14,
2008 based on feedback from the banks.
On July 11, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors convened a
special meeting. Representatives of J.P. Morgan and Jones
Day participated in the meeting. At this meeting,
Mr. Carrabba and Ms. Brlas provided the Cliffs board
of directors with an update concerning their discussions with
Mr. Quillen and Mr. Crutchfield on July 8, 2008.
Representatives of Jones Day and Cleary Gottlieb had a brief
discussion regarding the merger agreement later on July 11,
2008. The representatives of Cleary Gottlieb indicated that,
given the size of Harbinger Capital Partners equity
interest in Cliffs and the required Cliffs shareholder approval
necessary to complete the proposed transaction, Alphas
board of directors believed very strongly that Cliffs should
discuss the proposed transaction with Harbinger Capital Partners
prior to the execution of a definitive merger agreement. Later
that evening, representatives of Cleary Gottlieb delivered to
Jones Day a
mark-up of
the merger agreement sent by Cliffs on July 9, 2008.
From July 11 through July 13, 2008, Cliffs and Alpha and
their respective advisors negotiated the terms of the merger
agreement.
On July 13, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors convened a
special meeting. Representatives of J.P. Morgan and Jones
Day participated in the meeting. At this meeting, the
Cliffs management team reviewed with the board of
directors of Cliffs, J.P. Morgan and Jones Day, the status
of the negotiations with Alpha and the proposed terms and
conditions of the merger. During this meeting, Cliffs
management also reviewed the results of its financial and legal
due diligence investigation, and J.P. Morgan reviewed its
updated financial analysis of the proposed business combination.
Jones Day reviewed the material terms and conditions of the
merger agreement, as reflected in the then current draft, and
the legal duties and responsibilities of the Cliffs board of
directors in connection with the proposed merger.
On July 13, 2008, Alpha held a special meeting of its board
of directors at which the directors, in consultation with
management and representatives of Citi and Cleary Gottlieb,
discussed and analyzed the proposed transaction with Cliffs and
considered the other alternatives available to Alpha, including
Alphas stand-alone plan, the possibility of receiving a
proposal from Company 4, the proposed transaction with Company
2, and the relative impact to shareholders of these different
alternatives, including illustrative financial metrics prepared
by Citi indicating that the proposed transaction with Cliffs
could be more attractive, from a financial point of view, to
Alphas stockholders than the proposed combination with
Company 2, given certain financial assumptions. Management
informed the board that, despite requests to representatives of
Company 4 and its financial advisor,
55
Company 4 had not submitted a revised proposal to acquire
Alpha, nor had it signaled its intention to do so in due course.
Management also informed the Alpha board that the negotiations
with Company 2 remained stalled due to the insistence by Company
2 that Alpha bear all risk, without any limitation, relating to
financing. In addition, Alpha was still awaiting the commitment
letter from the banks as to financing the Company 2 acquisition.
Alphas management updated the board regarding the results
of its legal and financial due diligence investigation of
Cliffs. Representatives of Cleary Gottlieb and Citi reviewed for
the board the terms of the draft merger agreement with Cliffs,
including the remaining open issues, and the timing and process
of the proposed merger. In addition, representatives of Cleary
Gottlieb and Citi reiterated to the board that, under Ohio law,
the transaction would require the approval of two-thirds of
Cliffs outstanding shares and that Harbinger Capital
Partners would therefore play a very important role in
determining whether shareholder approval would be obtained. Citi
reviewed with the board certain financial information regarding
the proposed transactions under consideration. Alphas
board of directors then instructed management to continue
negotiations with Cliffs in order to resolve the remaining legal
issues on the merger agreement, to see if the consideration
offered by Cliffs could be enhanced, and to require Cliffs to
consult with Harbinger Capital Partners to determine whether
Harbinger Capital Partners would oppose this transaction. The
Alpha board instructed management that it should focus its
efforts on obtaining enhanced merger consideration value, rather
than negotiating for any additional benefits relating to social
issues, such as board representation.
During the evening of July 13, 2008, representatives of
Jones Day delivered to Cleary Gottlieb a
mark-up of
the merger agreement in response to comments provided by Cleary
Gottlieb on July 11, 2008.
During the course of July 14 and 15, 2008, representatives of
Cliffs and Jones Day, on the one hand, and Alpha and Cleary
Gottlieb, on the other hand, continued negotiating the terms of
the merger agreement in detail.
During the morning of July 14, 2008, representatives of
Cliffs and Alpha and their respective advisors discussed the
terms of the merger agreement relating to the required approvals
of Cliffs and Alpha stockholders. Representatives from Cleary
Gottlieb and Alpha reiterated the view that Alphas board
of directors believed very strongly that Cliffs should discuss
the proposed transaction with Harbinger Capital Partners prior
to the execution of a definitive merger agreement.
During the afternoon of July 14, 2008, Mr. Quillen
called Mr. Carrabba to reiterate the Alpha board of
directors desire to have Cliffs obtain from Harbinger
Capital Partners some indication that Harbinger Capital Partners
was not opposed to the transaction. Mr. Quillen also
informed Mr. Carrabba that Alphas board of directors
would not accept the offer of $13.78 in cash plus one Cliffs
common share for each share of Alpha common stock. Based on the
closing price of Cliffs stock on July 11, 2008, the most
recent trading day prior to July 14, the value of such
consideration was $123.19, which represented an implied premium
of approximately 27% as of July 11, 2008. Mr. Quillen
also advised Mr. Carrabba that Alpha was looking for the
merger consideration to represent an implied premium, to the
then-market price, in the range of 36% and asked Cliffs to come
back with its best offer.
Later on July 14, 2008, after consultation with certain
members of the Cliffs board of directors, J.P. Morgan and
Ms. Brlas, Mr. Carrabba called Mr. Quillen to
inform him that Cliffs would be willing to increase the value of
its offer by increasing the cash component of the merger
consideration from $13.78 to $22.23 per share and reducing the
stock portion of the merger consideration from 1 to 0.95 common
share of Cliffs for each share of Alpha common stock. Based on
the closing price of Cliffs stock on July 14, 2008, the
value of such consideration was $130.00 per share, which
represented an implied premium of approximately 32% as of such
date. Mr. Quillen advised Mr. Carrabba that he would
recommend this revised proposal to the board of Alpha, but first
Alpha needed assurance that Cliffs would reach out to Harbinger
Capital Partners before Alphas board meeting. Executives
of and advisors to Cliffs indicated to executives of and
advisors to Alpha that, while Cliffs believed that Harbinger
Capital Partners would approve of the proposed transaction based
on recent discussions Harbinger Capital Partners had with Cliffs
about Cliffs strategy to expand further into coal, Cliffs
would accommodate Alphas request that Cliffs speak
directly to Harbinger Capital Partners about this transaction to
obtain its reaction.
On July 15, 2008 Mr. Quillen contacted the Chief
Executive Officer of Company 2 to advise him that it looked
likely Alpha would pursue an alternative deal. In addition,
Mr. Quillen briefed the Chief Executive Officer of Company
2 that the banks had proposed financing terms for the
combination of Alpha and Company 2 that were unattractive in
several respects, including an interest rate that was
substantially above Alphas current interest rate. The
Chief Executive Officer of Company 2 asked for a few hours to
consider if there were any terms of Company 2s
56
proposed combination with Alpha that Company 2 wished to revise.
Shortly thereafter, Company 2 delivered a letter to Alpha that
indicated that it would be prepared to proceed with the proposed
all-stock transaction between Company 2 and Alpha with a
structure where Alpha would pay a reverse termination fee in the
event the financing were not disbursed. The letter indicated
that Company 2 expected the terms of the proposed transaction,
including the economics, to otherwise remain unchanged from the
previous discussions.
On July 15, 2008, Company 4 communicated to a senior
executive of Alpha that Company 4 appreciated Alphas
cooperation in the process of conducting due diligence with
respect to Alpha that Company 4 had recently completed, but was
declining the opportunity to submit a revised proposal to
acquire Alpha.
Also on July 15, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors met to
discuss the final terms and conditions of the draft merger
agreement. Also in attendance were members of Cliffs
management and representatives of J.P. Morgan and Jones
Day. Representatives of Jones Day and Cliffs management
then reviewed with the Cliffs board of directors the final
changes to the merger agreement, which had been provided to the
directors prior to the meeting, discussed the status of the
negotiations with Alpha, and the terms of Cliffs financing
commitment letters from J.P. Morgan and JPMCB. Jones Day
reviewed with the board members their fiduciary duties in the
context of the proposed transaction. Representatives of
J.P. Morgan then presented an updated financial analysis of
the proposed transaction and delivered its oral opinion to the
Cliffs board of directors, which was subsequently confirmed the
same day in writing, that, as of July 15, 2008, based upon
and subject to the various factors and assumptions set forth in
the opinion, the merger consideration to be paid by Cliffs to
the Alpha stockholders in the proposed merger was fair, from a
financial point of view, to Cliffs. The full text of the written
opinion by J.P. Morgan, which sets forth the assumptions
made, general procedures followed, matters considered and
limitations on the scope of the review undertaken by
J.P. Morgan in concluding its financial analysis and
rendering its opinion, is attached as Annex C to
this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
At the conclusion of the July 15, 2008 meeting, the Cliffs
board of directors unanimously adopted resolutions approving the
merger agreement with Alpha, the merger and the other
transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, declaring the
merger advisable and in the best interests of Cliffs
shareholders, authorizing Cliffs to enter into the merger
agreement and recommending that the Cliffs shareholders adopt
the merger agreement and approve the issuance of the Cliffs
common shares in connection with the merger.
Immediately following the conclusion of the July 15, 2008
Cliffs board meeting, Mr. Carrabba called a senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners. Prior to engaging
in any discussions with this senior representative of Harbinger
Capital Partners, Mr. Carrabba obtained an agreement from
him to keep the information to be discussed confidential and not
to engage in any trading so as to ensure compliance with
Cliffs obligations under the federal securities laws.
Having obtained the senior representatives agreement with
respect to confidentiality, Mr. Carrabba informed him that
Cliffs was about to execute an agreement to acquire Alpha in a
cash and stock transaction and described the terms of the
transaction. During this conversation, the senior representative
of Harbinger Capital Partners indicated that he would be looking
for more information about the transaction but gave no
indication that Harbinger Capital Partners would oppose the
transaction. After this conversation, Mr. Carrabba informed
Mr. Quillen that Cliffs had presented the proposed
transaction with Alpha to a senior representative of Harbinger
Capital Partners in a confidential telephone call after the
market closed on July 15, 2008. Mr. Carrabba stated
that he believed Harbinger Capital Partners would support the
transaction.
In the evening of July 15, 2008, Alpha held a special
meeting of its board of directors at which the directors, in
consultation with management, Citi and Cleary Gottlieb, reviewed
and discussed the terms of the draft merger agreement, the terms
of the debt commitment letter obtained by Cliffs to finance the
transaction, the legal standards applicable to the boards
decision-making processes, and financial analyses of the
proposed transaction with Cliffs and the alternatives available
to Alpha, including its stand-alone plan and the proposed
transaction with Company 2. The board also considered the latest
communication from Company 4 and the latest communication from
Mr. Carrabba concerning his July 15, 2008 conversation
with a senior representative of Harbinger Capital Partners.
Representatives of Citi made a presentation to the board about
the proposed transaction and Alphas alternatives. In
connection with the deliberation by the Alpha board of
directors, Citi rendered to the Alpha board of directors its
oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing on the
same date, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and
based upon and subject to the considerations and limitations set
forth in the opinion, the presentation of
57
financial analyses by Citi that accompanied the delivery of the
opinion and other factors it deemed relevant, the merger
consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to the
holders of Alpha common stock. The full text of Citis
opinion, which sets forth the assumptions made, general
procedures followed, matters considered and limits on the review
undertaken, is included as Annex B to this joint
proxy statement/prospectus. Following these discussions, and
review and discussion among the members of the Alpha board of
directors, including consideration of the factors described
under Alphas Reasons for the Merger;
Recommendation of Alphas Board of Directors, the
Alpha board of directors determined that the merger, the merger
agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement were advisable and fair to and in the best interests
of Alpha and its stockholders, and the directors (with
Mr. Brinzo abstaining due to his prior relationship with
Cliffs) voted unanimously to approve the merger, the merger
agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger
agreement.
The merger agreement was executed by Cliffs, merger sub, and
Alpha on July 15, 2008. On July 16, 2008, prior to the
commencement of trading on the NYSE, Cliffs and Alpha issued a
joint press release announcing the signing of the merger
agreement.
On July 17, 2008, as part of a series of meetings with
various Cliffs shareholders and Alpha stockholders to discuss
the merger, Mr. Carrabba, Ms. Brlas and
Mr. Quillen met with the senior representative of Harbinger
Capital Partners. Immediately following the meeting, a
Schedule 13D filed with the SEC by Harbinger Capital
Partners became publicly available, asserting that the merger
was not in the best interests of Cliffs shareholders. According
to the Schedule 13D, Harbinger Capital Partners made the
filing in order to reserve the right to be in contact with
members of Cliffs management and board of directors.
On August 12, 2008, Mr. Carrabba received a call from
the senior representative of Harbinger Capital Partners, who
informed Mr. Carrabba that Cliffs should expect to receive
a letter from Harbinger Capital Partners indicating its
intention to effectuate certain block trades of Cliffs shares in
the near future.
On August 14, 2008, Harbinger Capital Partners delivered to
Cliffs an acquiring person statement, or the
acquiring person statement, pursuant to the Ohio Control Share
Acquisition Statute. Harbinger Capital Partners indicated in its
acquiring person statement that it intended to acquire a number
of Cliffs shares that, when added to the Harbinger Capital
Partners current holdings in Cliffs common shares, would
increase its voting power in the election of Cliffs
directors to greater than one-fifth, but less than one-third, of
the combined voting power of Cliffs common shares. Such an
acquisition, which is a control share acquisition within the
meaning of the Ohio Control Share Acquisition Statute, requires
approval of the holders of at least a majority of voting power
of all Cliffs shares entitled to vote in the election of the
directors represented at the meeting (excluding the voting power
of all interested shares (within the meaning of the
Ohio Control Share Acquisition Statute)).
On August 15, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors held a
special meeting at which it discussed with senior management and
representatives from Jones Day and J.P. Morgan, among other
matters, the acquiring person statement delivered by Harbinger
Capital Partners.
On August 18, 2008, Mr. Carrabba called the senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners to request a
meeting to discuss its acquiring person statement and
Schedule 13D.
On August 20, 2008, Mr. Carrabba and Ms. Brlas
met with both the Senior Managing Director and the senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners. Cliffs did not
provide Harbinger Capital Partners with any non-public
information. The parties discussed industry trends within iron
ore and coal and also discussed the transaction with Alpha.
Neither the Senior Managing Director nor the senior
representative of Harbinger Capital Partners presented any
demands or proposals to Cliffs on behalf of Harbinger Capital
Partners and Cliffs did not make any proposals to Harbinger
Capital Partners.
On August 21, 2008, the Cliffs board of directors held a
special meeting at which it discussed with senior management and
representatives from Jones Day and J.P. Morgan, among other
matters, the acquiring person statement delivered by Harbinger
Capital Partners. After an extensive discussion with
Cliffs management and representatives from Jones Day and
J.P. Morgan, the Cliffs board of directors unanimously
determined that the Harbinger control share acquisition proposal
was not in the best interests of Cliffs shareholders.
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On September 8, 2008, Cliffs filed with the SEC a
definitive proxy statement in opposition to the Harbinger
control share acquisition proposal unanimously recommending that
the Cliffs shareholders vote against the authorization of the
Harbinger control share acquisition proposal. On the same date,
Harbinger Capital Partners filed its definitive proxy statement
soliciting proxies for its control share acquisition proposal.
On September 19, 2008, Cliffs announced that RiskMetrics
Group (formerly Institutional Shareholder Services, or ISS),
Glass Lewis & Co. and PROXY Governance, Inc., three leading
independent proxy advisory firms, recommended that Cliffs
shareholders vote against the Harbinger control share
acquisition proposal at Cliffs special meeting of
shareholders that was held on October 3, 2008.
On October 3, 2008, Cliffs held a special meeting of its
shareholders to vote on the Harbinger control share acquisition
proposal. On October 10, 2008, Cliffs announced that, based
on the results provided by the independent inspector of
elections, IVS Associates, Inc., Cliffs shareholders rejected
the Harbinger control share acquisition proposal.
Alphas
Reasons for the Merger and Recommendation of Alphas Board
of Directors
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and
recommend the merger to its stockholders, the Alpha board of
directors consulted with Alphas management, as well as
legal and financial advisors, and considered a number of
factors, including those listed below.
The Alpha board of directors considered the following factors as
generally supporting its decision to enter into the merger
agreement and recommend the merger to its stockholders:
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its knowledge of Alphas business, operations, financial
condition, earnings and prospects and of Cliffs business,
operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects, taking
into account the results of Alphas due diligence of Cliffs;
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its knowledge of the current environment in the mining industry,
including economic conditions, continued consolidation, current
financial market conditions and the likely effects of these
factors on Alphas, Cliffs and the combined
companys potential growth, development, productivity and
strategic options;
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the financial terms of the merger, including the fact that,
based on the closing prices on the NYSE of Cliffs common shares
on July 15, 2008 (the last trading day prior to
announcement of the merger agreement), the value of the merger
consideration represented an approximate 35% premium over the
closing price of Alpha shares as of that date;
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the fact that Alpha stockholders will receive a portion of the
merger consideration in cash, giving Alpha stockholders an
opportunity to immediately realize value for a portion of their
investment and providing certainty of value, and a portion in
Cliffs common shares, with the result that the Alpha
stockholders will own approximately 37% of the combined
companys equity, and benefit from the expected gains from
the merger;
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its belief, after reviewing Alphas potential strategic
alternatives to the merger with Cliffs, including a merger or
other strategic transaction with another third party, and taking
into account the preliminary discussions with other third
parties (see Background of the Merger
beginning on page 48), that it was unlikely that another
party would make or accept an offer to engage in a transaction
with Alpha that would be more favorable to Alpha and its
stockholders than the merger with Cliffs;
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its belief that the two companies would create a larger and more
diversified institution that is both better equipped to respond
to economic and industry developments and better positioned to
develop and build on its strong market shares in iron ore,
metallurgical coal and thermal coal;
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the strategic fit and complementary nature of Cliffs and
Alphas respective businesses and the potential presented
by the merger with Cliffs for cost savings opportunities, and
the related potential impact on the combined companys
earnings;
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the overall competitive positioning of the combined company,
which is expected to be a leading diversified mining company and
major supplier to the global steel industry;
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the presentation by Alphas financial advisor of financial
analyses of Alpha on a stand-alone basis, the combination of
Alpha and another third party that had expressed an interest in
a merger with Alpha, and of the combination of Alpha and Cliffs;
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Citis opinion, dated as of July 15, 2008, delivered
to the Alpha board of directors to the effect that, as of the
date of the opinion, and subject to the considerations and
limitations set forth in the opinion, the presentation of
financial analyses by Citi that accompanied the delivery of the
opinion and other factors that Citi deemed relevant, the merger
consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to the
holders of Alpha common stock;
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the statements by the Chief Executive Officer of Cliffs to Alpha
about his conversations with a senior representative of
Harbinger Capital Partners, the largest shareholder of Cliffs,
about the proposed transaction in a confidential conversation on
July 15, 2008, as well as the fact that, in the event that
Alphas stockholders adopted the merger agreement but the
Cliffs shareholders failed to approve the issuance of shares in
connection with the merger, Alpha would be entitled in some
circumstances to obtain a $100 million termination fee;
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the structure of the merger and the terms and conditions of the
merger agreement, including:
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the limited closing conditions to Cliffs obligations under
the merger agreement, including, in particular, the fact that
the merger agreement contains no financing contingency or limit
on the obligations of Cliffs in the event of a failure of the
lender to Cliffs to disburse the financing committed for
purposes of this transaction;
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the provisions of the merger agreement that allow Alpha to
engage in negotiations with, and provide information to, third
parties, under certain circumstances in response to an
unsolicited takeover proposal that Alphas board of
directors determines in good faith, after consultation with its
outside legal advisors and its financial advisors, constitutes
or could reasonably be expected to lead to a transaction that is
more favorable to Alpha stockholders than the merger with Cliffs;
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the provisions of the merger agreement that allow Alpha, under
certain circumstances, to terminate the merger agreement prior
to its stockholder approval of the merger agreement in order to
enter into an alternative transaction in response to an
unsolicited takeover proposal that Alphas board of
directors determines in good faith, after consultation with its
outside legal advisors and its financial advisors, is more
favorable to Alpha stockholders than the merger with Cliffs;
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the ability of Alpha to obtain a
break-up fee
of $350 million from Cliffs in the event that Cliffs fails
to consummate the merger under certain circumstances, or a fee
of $100 million if Cliffs shareholders fail to adopt the
merger agreement and approve the issuance of the Cliffs common
shares in connection with the merger (provided that, if
Alphas stockholders do not adopt the merger agreement,
Cliffs will not be required to pay the $100 million
termination fee);
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the fact that the merger is structured as a reorganization for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, which generally allows
Alpha stockholders to refrain from recognizing any gain from the
receipt of the share portion of the merger
consideration; and
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the fact that Alpha stockholders who do not vote in favor of the
adoption of the merger agreement and otherwise follow the
procedures prescribed by the DGCL will have the appraisal rights
in connection with the merger.
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60
Alphas board of directors also considered certain
potentially negative factors in its deliberations concerning the
merger, including the following:
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the merger agreements non-solicitation and stockholder
approval covenants, and the requirement that Alpha must pay to
Cliffs a termination fee of $350 million if the merger
agreement is terminated under certain circumstances (which
Alphas board of directors understood was a condition to
Cliffs willingness to enter into the merger agreement and
that could limit the willingness of a third party to propose a
competing business combination with Alpha), or $100 million
if Alpha stockholders fail to adopt the merger agreement
(provided that, if Cliffs shareholders do not adopt the
merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common
shares in connection with the merger, Alpha will not be required
to pay the $100 million termination fee);
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the fact that, under Ohio law, the merger requires the approval
of holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Cliffs and
the fact that a substantial portion of the outstanding shares of
Cliffs are owned by a single shareholder (and its affiliates);
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the difficulty that Cliffs would have completing the merger if
the financing outlined in the commitment letter received by
Cliffs from J.P. Morgan and JPMCB were not disbursed;
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the regulatory and other approvals required in connection with
the merger and the possibility that such approvals might not be
received in a timely manner and without unacceptable conditions,
creating the risk that adverse changes to the financial
condition, results of operations, business, competitive
position, reputation and business prospects of either Alpha or
Cliffs could result in fluctuation in the value of the share
portion of the merger consideration to be received by Alpha
stockholders, could adversely affect the value of the combined
company, or could result in the failure to complete the merger;
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the possibility that management focus and resources at both
Alpha and Cliffs would be diverted from other strategic
opportunities and from operational matters while working to
implement the merger;
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the requirement that Alpha conduct its business only in the
ordinary course prior to the completion of the merger and
subject to specified restrictions without Cliffs prior
consent (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, delayed
or conditioned), which might delay or prevent Alpha from
undertaking certain business opportunities that might arise
pending completion of the merger; and
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the fact that some of Alphas directors and executive
officers have other interests in the merger that are in addition
to, and may be different from, their interests as Alpha
stockholders, including as a result of employment and
compensation arrangements with Alpha and the manner in which
they would be affected by the merger. See
Interests of Alpha Directors and Executive
Officers in the Merger beginning on page 84.
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In the judgment of the Alpha board of directors, however, these
potential risks were outweighed by the potential benefits of the
merger discussed above.
The foregoing discussion of the factors considered by the Alpha
board of directors is not intended to be exhaustive, but,
rather, includes the material factors considered by the Alpha
board of directors. In reaching its decision to approve the
merger agreement, the Alpha board did not quantify or assign any
relative weights to the factors considered, and individual
directors may have given different weights to different factors.
The Alpha board of directors considered all these factors as a
whole, including discussions with, and questioning of, Alpha
management and Alphas financial and legal advisors, and
overall considered the factors to be favorable to, and to
support, its determination. The Alpha board of directors also
relied on the experience of Citi, its financial advisor, for
analyses of the financial terms of the merger and for its
opinions as to the fairness of the consideration to be received
in the merger to Alpha stockholders.
For the reasons set forth above, the Alpha board of directors
determined that the merger is advisable and fair to and in the
best interests of Alpha and its stockholders, and approved the
merger agreement. The Alpha board of directors recommends that
the Alpha stockholders vote
for
the adoption of the merger agreement.
61
Cliffs
Reasons for the Merger and Recommendation of Cliffs Board
of Directors
In reaching a conclusion to approve the merger and related
transactions and to recommend that Cliffs shareholders adopt the
merger agreement and approve the issuance of Cliffs common
shares in connection with the merger, the Cliffs board of
directors consulted with Cliffs management, as well as
legal and financial advisors. In these consultations, the board
considered a number of factors including:
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that Alpha is the largest metallurgical coal supplier in the
United States, and that the acquisition of Alpha will provide
Cliffs additional exposure to the high-growth steel making raw
materials market;
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the strategic nature of the acquisition, which will allow both
companies to capitalize on current market dynamics in iron ore
and metallurgical coal, as well as create a stronger platform
for continued strategic investments in the global mining
industry. The acquisition will also provide economies of scale
that result from creating one of the largest mining companies in
the United States;
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that the merger will provide Cliffs with premier coal industry
management, technical and operational expertise via the addition
of Alphas management team;
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that the acquisition of Alpha will enhance Cliffs product
portfolio in steelmaking raw materials and measured
diversification into other products. The acquisition will
substantially increase Cliffs annual production of
metallurgical coal and optimize the revenues generated from the
combined companys coal reserves;
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that the acquisition will capitalize on the strong market
condition of the U.S. and global steel industries and
further solidify Cliffs as a major iron ore and metallurgical
coal supplier;
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the expected synergies, including Alphas unique coal
blending capabilities and preparation plant optimization, that
are anticipated to result in approximately $200 million in
aggregate synergies beginning in 2010;
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the additional exposure Alpha will provide Cliffs to
international markets via Alphas equity positions in
U.S. port infrastructure and its expanded sales and
marketing network;
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Cliffs managements view, based on due diligence and
discussions with Alphas management, that Alpha and Cliffs
share common values with respect to
best-in-class
safety standards and practices and the socially responsible
processing of the earths natural resources;
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that the merger is expected to provide Cliffs with a more
balanced portfolio of existing mines and exploratory
opportunities, thereby giving Cliffs management more flexibility
in its capital allocation decisions;
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that the combined company will have a diverse geographic reach
with combined coal operations in North America and Australia,
and a number of the properties of the combined company will be
in the same geographic region which may facilitate integration
of those properties and a possible reduction in operating and
administrative costs;
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that the potential synergies expected to be derived from the
merger present an opportunity for continued and sustained growth
in accordance with Cliffs strategic plan for growth, as
well as geographic and mineral diversification;
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the Cliffs boards knowledge of Cliffs business,
operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects and of
Alphas business, operations, financial condition, earnings
and prospects, taking into account the results of Cliffs
due diligence of Alpha;
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the Cliffs boards knowledge of the current environment in
the mining industry, including economic conditions, continued
consolidation, current financial market conditions and the
likely effects of these factors on Cliffs, Alphas,
and the combined companys potential growth, development,
productivity and strategic options;
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the information concerning the financial conditions, results of
operations, prospects and businesses of Cliffs and Alpha,
including the respective companies reserves, production
volumes, cash flows from operations,
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62
recent performance of common shares and the ratio of Cliffs
share price to Alpha stock price over various periods, as well
as current industry, economic and market conditions;
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the results of the business, legal and financial due diligence
review of Alphas businesses and operations;
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that the exchange ratio will enable Cliffs shareholders to own
approximately 63% of the outstanding stock of the combined
company;
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the determination that an exchange ratio that is fixed is
appropriate to reflect the strategic purpose of the merger and
that a fixed exchange ratio avoids fluctuations caused by
near-term market volatility;
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the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, including the
following:
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the fact that Alpha agreed to pay a termination fee of
$100 million to Cliffs in the event that the merger
agreement is terminated due to a failure to obtain necessary
approval from Alpha stockholders (provided that, if Cliffs
shareholders do not adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of the Cliffs common shares in connection with the
merger, Alpha will not be required to pay the $100 million
termination fee);
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the fact that Cliffs may be entitled to receive a
$350 million termination fee from Alpha if the merger is
not consummated for certain reasons as more fully described in
the section titled The Merger Agreement
Termination Fees beginning on page 113;
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the fact that the conditions required to be satisfied prior to
completion of the merger are customary thereby increasing the
likelihood of the consummation of the merger;
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the fact that two members of the Alpha board of directors are
expected to be appointed to the Cliffs board of directors, which
is expected to provide a degree of continuity and involvement by
Alpha directors in the combined company following the
merger; and
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the fact that, subject to certain exceptions, Alpha is
prohibited from taking certain actions that would be deemed to
be a solicitation under the merger agreement, including
solicitation, initiation, encouragement of any inquiries or the
making of any proposals for certain types of business
combination or acquisition of Alpha (or entering into any
agreement for such business combination or acquisition of Alpha
or any requiring to abandon, terminate or fail to consummate the
merger); and
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J.P. Morgans opinion, including its analysis rendered
orally on July 15, 2008 and confirmed in writing on the
same date, to the effect that, as of July 15, 2008, and
based on and subject to various factors and assumptions set
forth in its written opinion, the consideration proposed to be
paid by Cliffs to Alpha stockholders in the merger was fair,
from a financial point of view, to Cliffs.
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The Cliffs board of directors also considered the potential
adverse impact of other factors weighing negatively against the
merger, including, without limitation, the following:
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the risk that a substantial or extended decline in coal prices
would likely make the merger less desirable from a financial
point of view;
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the potential dilution to Cliffs shareholders;
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the risk of diverting managements attention from other
strategic opportunities in order to implement merger integration
efforts;
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the challenges of combining the businesses, operations and
workforces of Cliffs and Alpha and realizing the anticipated
cost savings and operating synergies;
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the risk that the parties may incur significant costs and delays
resulting from seeking governmental consents and approvals
necessary for completion of the proposed merger;
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63
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the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, including:
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the requirement that Cliffs must pay to Alpha a termination fee
of $350 million if the merger agreement is terminated under
circumstances specified in the merger agreement, as described in
the section titled The Merger Agreement
Termination Fees beginning on page 113;
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the fact that Cliffs agreed to pay a termination fee of
$100 million to Alpha in the event that the merger
agreement is terminated due to a failure to obtain necessary
Cliffs shareholder approval (provided that, if Alpha
stockholders fail to adopt the merger agreement, Cliffs will not
be required to pay the $100 million termination fee), as
described in the section titled The Merger
Agreement Termination Fees beginning on
page 113; and
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the fact that the terms of the merger agreement provide that,
under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions
more fully described in the section titled The Merger
Agreement Covenants and Agreements No
Solicitation by Alpha beginning on page 104, Alpha
may furnish information to and conduct negotiations with a third
party in connection with an unsolicited proposal for a business
combination or acquisition of Alpha that is likely to lead to a
superior proposal and the Alpha board of directors can terminate
the merger agreement in order to accept a superior proposal or,
under certain circumstances, change its recommendation that
Alpha stockholders adopt the merger agreement prior to Alpha
stockholders approval of the merger agreement;
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the fact that Alpha stockholders who dissent from the merger
will have appraisal rights, as described in the section titled
Appraisal Rights of Alpha Stockholders,
beginning on page 88;
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the fact that Cliffs shareholders who dissent from the merger
will have dissenters rights as described in the section
titled Dissenters Rights of Cliffs
Shareholders, beginning on page 91; and
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the risks described in the section titled Risk
Factors beginning on page 27.
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In the judgment of the Cliffs board of directors, however, the
potential benefits of the merger discussed above outweigh any
potential risks. The foregoing discussion of the factors
considered by the Cliffs board of directors is not intended to
be exhaustive, but, rather, includes the material factors
considered by the Cliffs board of directors. In reaching its
decision to approve the merger agreement, the Cliffs board did
not quantify or assign any relative weights to the factors
considered, and individual directors may have given different
weights to different factors.
Cliffs board of directors has approved the merger
agreement and determined that the transactions contemplated by
the merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of
Cliffs and its shareholders. Cliffs board of directors
recommends that Cliffs shareholders vote
for
the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the
issuance of Cliffs common shares pursuant to the terms of the
merger agreement at the Cliffs special meeting.
Opinion
of Alphas Financial Advisor
Citi was retained to act as financial advisor to Alpha to render
certain financial advisory and investment banking services in
connection with the merger. Pursuant to Citis engagement
letter with Alpha, dated July 15, 2008 (which memorialized
Citis engagement by Alpha beginning on June 9, 2008),
on July 15, 2008, Citi rendered its oral opinion,
subsequently confirmed in writing to the Alpha board of
directors on the same date, to the effect that, as of the date
of the opinion and based upon and subject to the considerations
and limitations set forth in the opinion, its work described
below and other factors it deemed relevant, the merger
consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to the
holders of Alpha common stock.
The full text of Citis opinion, which sets forth the
assumptions made, general procedures followed, matters
considered and limits on the review undertaken, is included as
Annex B to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The summary of Citis opinion set forth below is qualified
by reference to the full text of the opinion. Holders of Alpha
common stock are urged to read the Citi opinion carefully and in
its entirety.
Citis opinion was limited solely to the fairness of the
merger consideration from a financial point of view to the
holders of Alpha common stock as of the date of the opinion.
Neither Citis opinion nor the related analyses
64
constituted a recommendation of the proposed merger to the Alpha
board of directors. Citi makes no recommendation to any
stockholder regarding how such stockholder should vote with
respect to the merger.
In arriving at its opinion, Citi reviewed a draft dated
July 14, 2008 of the merger agreement and held discussions
with certain senior officers, directors and other
representatives and advisors of Alpha and certain senior
officers and other representatives and advisors of Cliffs
concerning the businesses, operations and prospects of Alpha and
Cliffs. Citi examined certain publicly available business and
financial information relating to Alpha and Cliffs as well as
certain financial forecasts and other information and data
relating to Alpha and Cliffs which were provided to or discussed
with Citi by the respective managements of Alpha and Cliffs,
including information relating to the potential strategic
implications and operational benefits (including the amount,
timing and achievability thereof) anticipated by the managements
of Alpha and Cliffs to result from the merger. Citi reviewed the
financial terms of the merger as set forth in the merger
agreement in relation to, among other things: current and
historical market prices and trading volumes of Alpha common
stock and Cliffs common shares; the historical and projected
earnings and other operating data of Alpha and Cliffs; and the
capitalization and financial condition of Alpha and Cliffs. Citi
considered and analyzed certain financial, stock market and
other publicly available information relating to the businesses
of other companies whose operations it considered relevant in
evaluating those of Alpha and Cliffs. Citi also evaluated
certain potential pro forma financial effects of the merger on
Cliffs. In connection with Citis engagement, Citi advised
Alpha on discussions it had with selected third parties with
respect to the possible acquisition of, or other combination
with, Alpha. In addition to the foregoing, Citi conducted such
other analyses and examinations and considered such other
information and financial, economic and market criteria as it
deemed appropriate in arriving at its opinion.
In rendering its opinion, Citi assumed and relied, without
independent verification, upon the accuracy and completeness of
all financial and other information and data publicly available
or provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with Citi
and upon the assurances of the managements of Alpha and Cliffs
that they were not aware of any relevant information that was
omitted or that remained undisclosed to Citi. With respect to
financial forecasts and other information and data relating to
Alpha and Cliffs provided to or otherwise reviewed by or
discussed with Citi, Citi was advised by the respective
managements of Alpha and Cliffs that such forecasts and other
information and data were reasonably prepared on bases
reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments
of the managements of Alpha and Cliffs as to the future
financial performance of Alpha and Cliffs, the potential
strategic implications and operational benefits (including the
amount, timing and achievability thereof) anticipated to result
from the merger and the other matters covered thereby.
In rendering its opinion, Citi assumed, with Alphas
consent, that the merger would be consummated in accordance with
its terms, without waiver, modification or amendment of any
material term, condition or agreement and that, in the course of
obtaining the necessary regulatory or third party approvals,
consents and releases for the merger, no delay, limitation,
restriction or condition would be imposed that would have an
adverse effect on Alpha, Cliffs or the contemplated benefits of
the merger. Representatives of Alpha advised Citi, and Citi
further assumed, that the final terms of the merger agreement
would not vary materially from those set forth in the draft
reviewed by Citi. Citi also assumed, with Alphas consent,
that the merger would be treated as a tax-free reorganization
for federal income tax purposes. Citi has not expressed any
opinion as to what the value of the Cliffs common shares
actually would be when issued pursuant to the merger or the
price at which the Cliffs common shares would trade at any time.
Citi did not make and was not provided with an independent
evaluation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities (contingent
or otherwise) of Alpha or Cliffs nor did it make any physical
inspection of the properties or assets of Alpha or Cliffs.
Citis opinion did not address the underlying business
decision of Alpha to effect the merger, the relative merits of
the merger as compared to any alternative business strategies
that might exist for Alpha or the effect of any other
transaction in which Alpha might engage. Citi also expressed no
view as to, and its opinion did not address, the fairness
(financial or otherwise) of the amount or nature or any other
aspect of any compensation to any officers, directors or
employees of any parties to the merger, or any class of such
persons, relative to the merger consideration. Citis
opinion was necessarily based upon information available to it,
and financial, stock market and other conditions and
circumstances existing, as of the date of the opinion.
In connection with rendering its opinion, Citi made a
presentation to the Alpha board of directors on July 15,
2008 with respect to the material analyses performed by Citi in
evaluating the fairness of the merger consideration. The
following is a summary of that presentation. The summary
includes information presented in tabular format. In
65
order to understand fully the financial analyses used by
Citi, these tables must be read together with the text of each
summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete
description of the financial analyses. The following
quantitative information, to the extent it is based on market
data, is, except as otherwise indicated, based on market data as
it existed at or prior to July 14, 2008, and is not
necessarily indicative of current or future market conditions.
Alpha
Valuation Analyses
Historical
Stock Prices
To provide background information and perspective with respect
to the historical share prices of Alpha common stock, Citi
reviewed the stock price performance of Alpha during the 52-week
period ending on July 14, 2008.
Citi noted that the range of low and high trading prices of
Alpha common stock during the 52-week period ending on
July 14, 2008 was approximately $16.00 and $109.00,
respectively. Citi noted that Alphas closing share price
on July 14, 2008 was $98.72. Citi also noted that the
implied per share merger consideration as of July 14, 2008
was $130.00, consisting of $22.23 per share in cash and 0.95 of
a Cliffs common share (with a value of $107.77 as of market
close on July 14, 2008).
Wall
Street Equity Research Analyst Stock Price Targets
To provide background information and perspective with respect
to stock price targets of Alpha common stock, Citi reviewed
publicly available published price target estimates for Alpha
common stock set by Wall Street equity research analysts.
Citi observed that the analyst price targets ranged from $75.00
to $178.00 per share of Alpha common stock, and ranged from
$78.00 to $125.00 per share of Alpha common stock if the lowest
and highest price targets of the group were excluded. Citi also
observed that the median analyst price target was $105.00 per
share of Alpha common stock. Citi noted that the implied per
share merger consideration as of July 14, 2008 was $130.00.
Discounted
Cash Flow Analysis
Using projections provided by the management of Alpha, Citi
conducted discounted cash flow analyses of Alpha for the
relevant periods to calculate ranges of implied per share equity
values of Alpha. A discounted cash flow analysis is a method of
determining the value of a company using estimates of the future
unlevered free cash flows generated by the company and taking
into consideration the time value of money with respect to those
future cash flows by calculating their present
value. Present value refers to the current
value of future cash flows generated by the company, and is
obtained by discounting those cash flows back to the present
using a discount rate that takes into account macro-economic
assumptions and estimates of risk, the opportunity cost of
capital, capitalized returns and other appropriate factors.
Terminal value refers to the capitalized value of
all cash flows generated by the company for periods beyond the
final forecast period.
These cash flows were prepared based on the four alternative
scenarios described below:
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(1) |
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Historical Met Coal / Management Steam Coal Case is
based on, for committed tonnage, Alpha management estimates of
future sales under existing commitments principally covering
fiscal years 2008 and 2009 and, for uncommitted tonnage, a
constant metallurgical coal price estimate determined by the
average of historical monthly metallurgical coal prices for the
calendar years 2005, 2006 and 2007, and Alpha management
estimates of future steam coal prices; |
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(2) |
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Wall Street Consensus Case is based on, for
committed tonnage, Alpha management estimates of future sales
under existing commitments principally covering fiscal years
2008 and 2009 and, for uncommitted tonnage, the average of Wall
Street equity research estimates, selected by Citi on the basis
of availability, of future metallurgical and steam coal prices; |
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(3) |
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Company Case 1 is based on, for committed tonnage,
Alpha management estimates of future sales under existing
commitments principally covering fiscal years 2008 and 2009 and,
for uncommitted tonnage, Alpha management estimates of future
metallurgical coal prices, which generally assume that such
future prices for |
66
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uncommitted tonnage decline annually beyond fiscal year 2008,
and steam coal prices. For fiscal years 2008 through 2011, Alpha
management estimates of future metallurgical coal prices
generally correlated with those published in Wall Street equity
research reports, selected by Citi on the basis of availability.
The majority of such Wall Street equity research estimates
projected a declining price curve; and |
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(4) |
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Company Case 2 is based on, for committed tonnage,
Alpha management estimates of future sales under existing
commitments principally covering fiscal years 2008 and 2009 and,
for uncommitted tonnage, Alpha management estimates of future
metallurgical coal prices, which generally assume that such
future prices for uncommitted tonnage remain relatively flat
through fiscal year 2012, and steam coal prices. Alpha
management estimates of future metallurgical coal prices
considered Alpha managements view of current and possible
future supply and demand fundamentals of the metallurgical coal
market, and the increased level of strategic interest in
U.S. metallurgical coal assets demonstrated by
international steel companies. |
Estimates of future steam coal prices for uncommitted tonnage
are identical in Historical Met Coal / Management
Steam Coal Case, Company Case 1 and Company Case 2, and
generally assume that such future prices for uncommitted tonnage
remain relatively flat through fiscal year 2012. In Alpha
managements view, such future prices represented a
discount to current market prices, but a premium to historical
market prices, and considered current export activity and supply
and demand fundamentals of the steam coal market.
Citi derived the discounted cash flow values for Alpha as the
sum of the net present values of (1) the estimated
unlevered free cash flows that Alpha would generate from
July 16, 2008 through fiscal year 2012 and (2) the
terminal value of Alpha at the end of fiscal year 2012. The
terminal value for Alpha was calculated by applying a range of
EBITDA terminal value multiples of 5.0x to 6.0x to Alphas
fiscal year 2012 estimated earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization (or EBITDA). The cash
flows and terminal values were discounted to present value using
discount rates ranging from 10.1% to 12.8%. This range
represented Alphas estimated weighted average cost of
capital as derived by Citi based on, among other assumptions,
market data for Alpha and a number of selected companies in the
coal mining sector which, in Citis determination, had
businesses and operating profiles reasonably similar to those of
Alpha. Based on this analysis of Alpha and the selected
comparable companies, Citi determined that the range of discount
rates it derived was appropriate for this discounted cash flow
analysis. However, because of the inherent differences among the
businesses, operations and prospects of Alpha and the
businesses, operations and prospects of the selected comparable
companies, no comparable company is exactly the same as Alpha.
Alpha did not supply Citi with, nor did Citi rely on, any Alpha
management estimates of the discount rates used by Alpha
management in generating its own internal financial analyses.
This analysis indicated the following approximate implied per
share equity reference ranges for Alpha:
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Implied per Share
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Equity Reference
|
|
|
|
Range for Alpha
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical Met Coal/Management Steam Coal Case
|
|
$
|
39.00 $ 48.00
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Case
|
|
$
|
50.00 $ 57.00
|
|
Company Case 1
|
|
$
|
82.00 $ 98.00
|
|
Company Case 2
|
|
$
|
143.00 $174.00
|
|
Citi noted the implied per share equity reference ranges
calculated above for each of the four alternative scenarios.
Citi also noted that the implied per share merger consideration
as of July 14, 2008 was $130.00. Citi compared the implied
per share equity reference ranges above to the implied per share
merger consideration.
Comparable
Companies Analysis
Citi compared financial, operating and stock market information,
and forecasted financial information for Alpha with that of
selected publicly traded U.S. coal producers in the Central
Appalachia basin and pure play U.S. metallurgical coal
producers. The selected comparable companies considered by Citi
were:
|
|
|
|
|
International Coal Group, Inc.
|
|
|
|
James River Coal Company
|
|
|
|
Massey Energy Company
|
|
|
|
Walter Industries, Inc.
|
67
The financial information used by Citi for the selected
comparable companies was based on company filings and selected
Wall Street equity research reports, and for Alpha, Alpha
management estimates. All of the multiples were calculated using
public trading market closing prices on July 14, 2008.
For each of the selected comparable companies, Citi derived and
compared, among other things, the multiple of each
companys firm value to its EBITDA for the estimated
calendar years 2009 and 2010. Citi calculated firm value as
(a) equity value, based on the per share closing stock
price on July 14, 2008 of all fully diluted shares assuming
the exercise or conversion of all in-the-money options, warrants
and convertible securities outstanding, less the proceeds of any
such options or warrants, as reflected in each companys
latest publicly available information; plus
(b) non-convertible indebtedness; plus (c) minority
interests; plus (d) non-convertible preferred stock; plus
(e) all out-of-the-money convertible securities; minus
(f) cash and cash equivalents; minus (g) investments
in unconsolidated affiliates.
Due to the significant increase in projected metallurgical and
steam coal prices by Wall Street equity research analysts prior
to the execution of the merger agreement, Citi observed that
estimates of EBITDA for the calendar years 2009 and 2010 varied
meaningfully among Wall Street equity research analysts and that
such estimates tended to be higher in more recently published
research reports. As a result, Citi considered for each of the
selected comparable companies (i) the average of selected
Wall Street equity research estimates (or Wall Street
Consensus Estimates) and (ii) the average of the top
quartile of such Wall Street Consensus Estimates (or Wall
Street Top Quartile Estimates).
Based on the comparable companies analysis and taking into
consideration other performance metrics and qualitative
judgments, Citi derived the following reference range of firm
value / EBITDA multiples for calendar years 2009 and
2010:
i. 6.5x to 7.5x for calendar year 2009 estimated EBITDA and
4.5x to 5.5x for calendar year 2010 estimated EBITDA, based on
Wall Street Consensus Estimates; and
ii. 5.0x to 6.0x for calendar year 2009 estimated EBITDA
and 4.0x to 4.5x for calendar year 2010 estimated EBITDA, based
on Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates.
Citi then applied these multiples to Alphas estimated
EBITDA for calendar years 2009 and 2010 under the four
alternative scenarios described above. This analysis indicated
the following implied per share equity reference ranges for
Alpha:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implied per Share
|
|
|
|
Equity Reference
|
|
|
|
Range for Alpha
|
|
|
Historical Met Coal / Management Steam Coal Case
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
50.00 $ 60.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
40.00 $ 45.00
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Case
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
100.00 $120.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
80.00 $ 95.00
|
|
Company Case 1
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
105.00 $125.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
85.00 $100.00
|
|
Company Case 2
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
145.00 $170.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
120.00 $140.00
|
|
Citi noted the implied per share equity reference ranges
calculated above for each of the four alternative scenarios.
Citi also noted that the implied per share merger consideration
as of July 14, 2008 was $130.00. Citi compared the implied
per share equity reference ranges above to the implied merger
consideration.
68
Citi selected the comparable companies used in the comparable
companies analysis because their businesses and operating
profiles are reasonably similar to those of Alpha. However,
because of the inherent differences among the businesses,
operations and prospects of Alpha and the businesses, operations
and prospects of the selected comparable companies, no
comparable company is exactly the same as Alpha. Therefore, Citi
believed that it was inappropriate to, and therefore did not,
rely solely on the quantitative results of the comparable
companies analysis. Accordingly, Citi made qualitative judgments
concerning differences between the financial and operating
characteristics and prospects of Alpha and the companies
included in the comparable companies analysis that would affect
the public trading values of each in order to provide a context
in which to consider the results of the quantitative analysis.
These qualitative judgments related primarily to the differing
sizes, growth prospects, geographic location of assets,
profitability levels and business segments between Alpha and the
companies included in the comparable companies analysis and
other matters, many of which are beyond Alphas control,
such as the impact of competition on its businesses and the
industry generally, industry growth and the absence of any
adverse material change in the financial condition and prospects
of Alpha or the industry or in the financial markets in general.
Mathematical analysis (such as determining the average or
median) is not in itself a meaningful method of using peer group
data.
Selected
Precedent Transactions Analysis
Based upon (1) the significant projected increases in
metallurgical and steam coal prices from calendar year 2008
through 2009, which are generally significantly greater than the
historical increases of such prices, and (2) the
significant projected growth of EBITDA for Alpha from fiscal
year 2008 through 2009, which is generally significantly greater
than the projected growth of EBITDA of target companies involved
in recent precedent transactions in the U.S. coal industry,
Citi did not consider precedent transactions based upon trailing
multiples to be a meaningful benchmark for evaluating the merger
consideration. As a result, while Citi analyzed selected
precedent transactions in the U.S. coal industry, Citi did
not consider this analysis in evaluating the fairness of the
merger consideration.
Confirmatory
Cliffs Valuation Analyses
Citi performed confirmatory valuation analyses with respect to
Cliffs using substantially similar analyses and methodologies to
those used with respect to Alpha, as described above, in order
to assess the value indicated by the per share closing price of
the Cliffs common shares on July 14, 2008 for purposes of
inclusion of this value as part of the transaction
consideration. Citi also presented to the Alpha board of
directors certain other information with respect to Cliffs for
illustrative purposes, including historical stock prices and
Wall Street equity research analyst stock price targets.
Historical
Stock Prices
To provide background information and perspective with respect
to the historical share prices of Cliffs common shares, Citi
reviewed the share price performance of Cliffs during the
52-week period ending on July 14, 2008.
Citi noted that the range of low and high trading prices of
Cliffs common shares during the 52-week period ending on
July 14, 2008 was approximately $28.00 and $122.00,
respectively. Citi noted that Cliffs closing share price
on July 14, 2008 was $113.44.
Wall
Street Equity Research Analyst Stock Price Targets
To provide background information and perspective with respect
to stock price targets of Cliffs common shares, Citi reviewed
publicly available published price target estimates for Cliffs
common shares set by Wall Street equity research analysts.
Citi observed that the analyst price targets ranged from $140.00
to $155.00 per share of Cliffs common shares. Citi also observed
that the median analyst price target was $150.00 per share of
Cliffs common shares. Citi noted that Cliffs closing share
price on July 14, 2008 was $113.44.
69
Discounted
Cash Flow Analysis
Using projections provided by the management of Cliffs, which
were adjusted for certain coal price assumptions made by Alpha
management, Citi conducted discounted cash flow analyses of
Cliffs for the relevant periods to calculate ranges of implied
per share equity values of Cliffs.
These cash flows were prepared based on the three alternative
scenarios described below:
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Wall Street Consensus Case is based on Cliffs
management estimates for fiscal year 2008 and the average of
Wall Street equity research estimates, selected by Citi on the
basis of availability, of future North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices, North America Iron Ore prices, Asia
Pacific Iron Ore prices and Asia Pacific Coal prices for fiscal
years 2009 through 2012; |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Company Case 1 is based on (i) Cliffs
management estimates of future North America Iron Ore prices,
Asia Pacific Iron Ore prices and Asia Pacific Coal prices for
fiscal years 2008 through 2012 and North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices for fiscal year 2008, and
(ii) Alpha management estimates of future North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices for fiscal years 2009 through 2012,
which generally assume that such future prices decline annually
beyond fiscal year 2009. For fiscal years 2008 through 2011,
Alpha management estimates of future North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices generally correlated with those
published in Wall Street equity research reports, selected by
Citi on the basis of availability. The majority of such Wall
Street equity research reports estimates projected a declining
price curve; and |
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Company Case 2 is based on (i) Cliffs
management estimates of future North America Iron Ore prices,
Asia Pacific Iron Ore prices and Asia Pacific Coal prices for
fiscal years 2008 through 2012 and North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices for fiscal year 2008, and
(ii) Alpha management estimates of future North America
(Metallurgical) Coal prices for fiscal years 2009 through 2012,
which generally assume that such future prices remain relatively
flat through fiscal year 2012. Alpha management estimates of
future North America (Metallurgical) Coal prices considered
Alpha managements view of current and possible future
supply and demand fundamentals of the metallurgical coal market
and the increased level of strategic interests in
U.S. metallurgical coal assets demonstrated by
international steel companies. |
|
|
|
|
|
Estimates of future North America Iron Ore prices, Asia Pacific
Iron Ore prices and Asia Pacific Coal prices are identical in
Company Case 1 and Company Case 2. |
Citi derived the discounted cash flow values for Cliffs as the
sum of the net present values of (1) the estimated
unlevered free cash flows that Cliffs would generate from
July 16, 2008 through fiscal year 2012 and (2) the
terminal value of Cliffs at the end of fiscal year 2012. The
terminal value for Cliffs was calculated by applying a range of
EBITDA terminal value multiples of 5.0x to 6.0x to Cliffs
fiscal year 2012 estimated EBITDA. The cash flows and terminal
values were discounted to present value using discount rates
ranging from 9.9% to 12.5%. This range represented Cliffs
estimated weighted average cost of capital as derived by Citi
based on, among other assumptions, market data for Cliffs and a
number of selected companies in the iron ore and coal mining
sectors which, in Citis determination, had businesses and
operating profiles reasonably similar to those of Cliffs. Based
on this analysis of Cliffs and the selected comparable
companies, Citi determined that the range of discount rates it
derived was appropriate for this discounted cash flow analysis.
However, because of the inherent differences among the
businesses, operations and prospects of Cliffs and the
businesses, operations and prospects of the selected comparable
companies, no comparable company is exactly the same as Cliffs.
Neither Cliffs nor Alpha supplied Citi with, nor did Citi rely
on, any Cliffs or Alpha management estimates of the discount
rates used by Cliffs or Alpha management, respectively, in
generating their own internal financial analyses. This analysis
indicated the following approximate implied per share equity
reference ranges for Cliffs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implied per Share
|
|
|
|
Equity Reference
|
|
|
|
Range for Cliffs
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Case
|
|
$
|
32.00 $ 37.00
|
|
Company Case 1
|
|
$
|
118.00 $146.00
|
|
Company Case 2
|
|
$
|
148.00 $183.00
|
|
70
Citi noted the implied per share equity reference ranges
calculated above for each of the three alternative scenarios.
Citi also noted that Cliffs closing share price on
July 14, 2008 was $113.44. Citi compared the implied per
share equity reference ranges above to Cliffs closing
share price on July 14, 2008.
Comparable
Companies Analysis
Citi compared financial, operating and stock market information,
and forecasted financial information for Cliffs with that of
selected publicly traded iron ore producers. The selected
comparable companies considered by Citi were:
|
|
|
|
|
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce S.A., or Vale
|
|
|
|
Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.
|
|
|
|
Kumba Iron Ore Ltd.
|
|
|
|
Ferrexpo plc
|
|
|
|
Mount Gibson Iron Limited
|
The financial information used by Citi for the selected
comparable companies was based on company filings and selected
Wall Street equity research reports, and for Cliffs, Cliffs
management estimates, which were adjusted for certain coal price
assumptions made by Alpha management. All of the multiples were
calculated using public trading market closing prices on
July 14, 2008.
For each of the selected comparable companies, Citi derived and
compared, among other things, the multiple of each
companys firm value to its EBITDA for the estimated
calendar years 2009 and 2010. Citi calculated firm value as
(a) equity value, based on the per share closing stock
price on July 14, 2008 of all fully diluted shares assuming
the exercise or conversion of all in-the-money options, warrants
and convertible securities outstanding, less the proceeds of any
such options or warrants, as reflected in each companys
latest publicly available information; plus
(b) non-convertible indebtedness; plus (c) minority
interests; plus (d) non-convertible preferred stock; plus
(e) all out-of-the-money convertible securities; minus
(f) cash and cash equivalents; minus (g) investments
in unconsolidated affiliates.
Due to the significant increase in projected iron ore and coal
prices by Wall Street equity research analysts prior to the
execution of the merger agreement, Citi observed that estimates
of EBITDA for the calendar years 2009 and 2010 varied
meaningfully among Wall Street equity research analysts and that
such estimates tended to be higher in more recently published
research reports. As a result, Citi considered for each of the
selected comparable companies (i) Wall Street Consensus
Estimates and (ii) Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates.
Based on the comparable companies analysis and taking into
consideration other performance metrics and qualitative
judgments, Citi derived the following reference range of firm
value / EBITDA multiples for calendar years 2009 and
2010:
i. 4.5x to 5.5x for calendar year 2009 estimated EBITDA and
4.0x to 5.0x for calendar year 2010 estimated EBITDA, based on
Wall Street Consensus Estimates; and
ii. 3.5x to 4.5x for calendar year 2009 estimated EBITDA
and 3.0x to 4.0x for calendar year 2010 estimated EBITDA, based
on Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates.
71
Citi then applied these multiples to Cliffs estimated
EBITDA for calendar years 2009 and 2010 under the three
alternative scenarios described above. This analysis indicated
the following implied per share equity reference ranges for
Cliffs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implied per Share
|
|
|
|
Equity Reference
|
|
|
|
Range for Cliffs
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Case
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
70.00 $ 85.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
50.00 $ 70.00
|
|
Company Case 1
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
100.00 $125.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
75.00 $100.00
|
|
Company Case 2
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Street Consensus Estimates
|
|
$
|
115.00 $145.00
|
|
Wall Street Top Quartile Estimates
|
|
$
|
85.00 $115.00
|
|
Citi noted the implied per share equity reference ranges
calculated above for each of the three alternative scenarios.
Citi also noted that Cliffs closing share price on
July 14, 2008 was $113.44. Citi compared the implied per
share equity reference ranges above to Cliffs closing
share price on July 14, 2008.
Citi selected the comparable companies used in the comparable
companies analysis because their businesses and operating
profiles are reasonably similar to those of Cliffs. However,
because of the inherent differences among the businesses,
operations and prospects of Cliffs and the businesses,
operations and prospects of the selected comparable companies,
no