sv3
As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2007
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
MANNKIND CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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13-3607736
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
28903 North Avenue Paine
Valencia, CA 91355
(661) 775-5300
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrants principal executive offices)
Alfred E. Mann
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
MannKind Corporation
28903 North Avenue Paine, Valencia, CA 91355
(661) 775-5300
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
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David Thomson, Esq.
MannKind Corporation
28903 North Avenue Paine
Valencia, CA 91355
(661) 775-5300
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D. Bradley Peck, Esq.
Ethan E. Christensen, Esq.
Cooley Godward Kronish LLP
4401 Eastgate Mall
San Diego, CA 92121-1909
(858) 550-6000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement, as determined by Registrant.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities
Act), other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment
plans, check the following box: þ
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering: o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering: o
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Securities and
Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box:
o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to
General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of
securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box: o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Maximum |
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Amount of |
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Aggregate Offering |
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Registration Fee |
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Title of Each Class of Securities to Be Registered (1) |
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Price (2) |
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(3) |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |
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Warrants |
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Debt Securities |
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Total |
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$350,000,000 |
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$10,745 |
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(1) |
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There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of warrants to
purchase common stock or debt securities, and such indeterminate
principal amount of debt securities as shall have an aggregate
initial offering price not to exceed $350,000,000. If any debt
securities are issued at an original issued discount, then the
offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater
principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering
price not to exceed $350,000,000, less the aggregate dollar
amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any
securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as
units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities
registered also include such indeterminate amounts and numbers of
common stock and debt securities as may be issued upon conversion
of or exchange for debt securities that provide for conversion or
exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the
antidilution provisions of any such securities. |
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The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of
security will be determined from time to time by the Registrant
in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the
securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each
class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form
S-3 under the Securities Act. |
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Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. |
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be
necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in
accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement
shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may
determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell or accept an
offer to buy the securities under this prospectus until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where
such offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT
TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 9, 2007
PROSPECTUS
$350,000,000
MANNKIND CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
WARRANTS
DEBT SECURITIES
From
time to time, we may sell up to an aggregate of $350,000,000 of our common stock,
warrants or debt securities. We will specify in any accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of
any offering.
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the trading symbol MNKD. The
applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings,
if any, on the NASDAQ Global Market or other securities exchange of the securities covered by the
prospectus supplement.
Our principal executive offices are located at 28903 North Avenue Paine, Valencia, California
91355, and our telephone number at that address is (661) 775-5300.
You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE THE SECTIONS ENTITLED RISK
FACTORS IN OUR MOST RECENT ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K AND IN OUR MOST RECENT QUARTERLY REPORT ON
FORM 10-Q, BOTH AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, AND BOTH OF WHICH ARE
INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE IN THEIR ENTIRETY.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to
time or to or through underwriters or dealers. For additional information on the methods of sale,
you should refer to the section entitled Plan of Distribution. If any underwriters are involved
in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names
of such underwriters and any applicable discounts or commissions and over allotment options will be
set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net
proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this Prospectus is , 2007.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you
with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and
any applicable prospectus supplement. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give
any information or to represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. You must not rely on any unauthorized
information or representation. This prospectus is an offer to sell and is seeking offers to buy
only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is
lawful to do so. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate
only as of the date on the front of this prospectus and that any information we have incorporated
by reference or included in any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date given in the
document incorporated by reference or the prospectus supplement, as applicable, regardless of the
time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any sale of our
securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed
since that date.
Technosphere® and MedTone® are our registered trademark in the United States. We have also
applied for or registered company trademarks in other jurisdictions, including Europe and Japan.
This document also contains trademarks and service marks owned by other companies that are the
property of their respective owners. Use or display by us of other parties trademarks, trade dress
or products in this prospectus is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or
endorsements or sponsorship of, us by the trademark or trade dress owners.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration
process, we may sell common stock, warrants or debt securities in one or more offerings up to a
total dollar amount of $350,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the
securities we may offer. Each time we sell common stock, warrants or debt securities, we will
provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the securities
offered. We may also use a prospectus supplement to add, update or change any of the information
contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this
prospectus. This prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and the materials
we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, includes all
material information relating to this offering. Please carefully read both this prospectus and any
applicable prospectus supplement together with the additional information described below under
Where You Can Find More Information before buying any securities in this offering.
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SUMMARY
The following summary provides an overview of selected information relating to this offering
and does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in our
securities. You should carefully read this prospectus, all documents incorporated by reference, any
prospectus supplement, and the additional information described under the caption WHERE YOU CAN
FIND MORE INFORMATION, beginning on page 19, before buying securities in this offering. References
in this prospectus to MannKind, the Company, we, us and our refer to MannKind Corporation
and its subsidiary, on a consolidated basis, unless the context requires otherwise.
MannKind Corporation
MannKind Corporation is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and
commercialization of therapeutic products for patients with diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
Our lead investigational product candidate, the Technosphere Insulin System, is currently in Phase
3 clinical trials in the United States, Europe and Latin America to study its safety and efficacy
in the treatment of diabetes. This dry powder therapy consists of our proprietary Technosphere
particles onto which insulin molecules are loaded. These loaded particles are then aerosolized and
inhaled into the deep lung using our proprietary MedTone inhaler. We believe that the performance
characteristics, unique kinetics, convenience and ease of use of the Technosphere Insulin System
may have the potential to change the way diabetes is treated.
In particular, we have observed in our clinical trials to date that the Technosphere Insulin
System produces a profile of insulin levels in the bloodstream that approximates the insulin
profile normally seen in healthy individuals immediately following the beginning of a meal, but
which is absent in patients with diabetes. Specifically, Technosphere Insulin is rapidly absorbed
into the bloodstream following inhalation, reaching peak levels within 12 to 14 minutes. As a
result of this rapid onset of action, most of the glucose-lowering activity of Technosphere Insulin
occurs within the first three hours of administration which is generally the time in which
glucose becomes available from a meal instead of the much longer duration of action observed when
insulin is injected subcutaneously. We believe that the relatively short duration of action of
Technosphere Insulin reduces the need for patients to snack between meals in order to manage
ongoing blood glucose excursions. In our clinical trials, we have observed that patients using
Technosphere Insulin have achieved significant reductions in post-meal glucose excursions and
significant improvements in overall glucose control, as measured by decreases in glycosylated
hemoglobin, or HbA1c, levels, without the weight gain typically associated with insulin therapy.
In our clinical trials to date, we have observed no difference in pulmonary function between
patients treated with Technosphere Insulin and patients treated with standard diabetes care.
However, the longest study that we have completed so far is a six-month trial. In September 2006,
we completed patient enrollment in a pivotal, two-year, Phase 3, safety study of the Technosphere
Insulin System that compares the pulmonary function of diabetes patients randomized to either
Technosphere Insulin or standard diabetes care. We have completed
patient enrollment in three other major Phase 3 clinical trials, two of which are pivotal efficacy trials. Based on our
discussions with the Food and Drug Administration, we plan to accumulate two years of controlled
safety data before we file a new drug application for the Technosphere Insulin System. We
anticipate that our entire clinical trial program, including several special population studies,
will involve more than 4,500 patients. Larger populations and longer durations of exposure may be
necessary depending on the safety profile of our product.
Our Technosphere Insulin System utilizes our proprietary Technosphere formulation technology,
which is based on a class of organic molecules that are designed to self-assemble into small
particles onto which drug molecules can be loaded. We are also developing additional
Technosphere-based products for the delivery of other drugs. In May 2007, we initiated a clinical
trial in healthy individuals for a second Technosphere product, MKC-253. This trial is being
conducted in Europe. MKC-253 is a Technosphere formulation of glucagon-like peptide 1, or GLP-1,
that we are evaluating for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. GLP-1 is a hormone secreted
in the small intestine and colon in response to food intake. GLP-1 in healthy individuals is known
to stimulate insulin secretion and slow gastric emptying. Patients with type 2 diabetes often
exhibit a lower level of GLP-1 secretion. In addition to these products, we are developing
therapies for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. We initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of a
therapeutic cancer vaccine in January 2007.
We are a development stage enterprise and have incurred significant losses since our inception
in 1991. As of June 30, 2007, we have reported accumulated net
losses of $933.0 million. To date,
we have not generated any product revenues and have funded our operations primarily through the
sale of equity securities.
We do not anticipate sales of any product prior to regulatory approval and commercialization
of our Technosphere Insulin System. We currently do not have the required approvals to market any
of our product candidates, and we may not receive any approvals. We may not be profitable even if
we succeed in commercializing any of our product candidates. We expect to make substantial and
increasing expenditures and to incur additional operating losses for at least the next several
years as we:
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continue the clinical development and commercialization of our Technosphere Insulin
System for the treatment of diabetes; |
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expand our manufacturing operations for our Technosphere Insulin System to meet our
currently anticipated commercial production needs; |
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expand our other research, discovery and development programs; |
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expand our proprietary Technosphere platform technology and develop additional
applications for the pulmonary delivery of other drugs; and |
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enter into sales and marketing collaborations with other companies, if available on
commercially reasonable terms, or develop these capabilities ourselves. |
Our business is subject to significant risks, including but not limited to the risks inherent
in our ongoing clinical trials and the regulatory approval process, the results of our research and
development efforts, competition from other products and technologies and uncertainties associated
with obtaining and enforcing patent rights.
Risk Factors
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision
about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific risk factors
discussed in the sections entitled Risk Factors contained in any applicable prospectus supplement
and our filings with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of
the other information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus. These risks and uncertainties are not the only risks
and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we
currently view as immaterial, may also impair our business. If any of the risks or uncertainties
described in our SEC filings or any prospectus supplement or any additional risks and uncertainties
actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and
adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you might
lose all or part of your investment.
The Securities We May Offer
We may offer shares of our common stock, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to
purchase any of these securities, with a total value of up to $350,000,000, from time to time under
this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of
offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.
Each time we offer a type or series of securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that
will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including,
to the extent applicable:
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designation or classification; |
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aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price; |
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maturity, if applicable; |
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original issue discount, if any; |
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rates and times of payment of interest, dividends or other payments, if any; |
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redemption, conversion, exercise, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any; |
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ranking; |
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restrictive covenants, if any; |
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voting or other rights, if any; and |
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certain federal income tax considerations. |
A prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this
prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement
shall offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its
effectiveness.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities unless it is accompanied by a
prospectus supplement.
We may sell the securities directly to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our
agents, dealers or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed
purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through agents or underwriters, we will include
in the applicable prospectus supplement:
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the name of those agents or underwriters; |
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applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them; |
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details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and |
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the net proceeds to us. |
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Common Stock. We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. Holders of our
common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
Subject to any preferences of any of our preferred stock that may be outstanding, holders of our
common stock are entitled to dividends when and if declared by our board of directors.
Warrants. We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock or debt securities in one or
more series, from time to time. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock
or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this
prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to
read the prospectus supplement related to any series of warrants being offered, as well as the
warrant agreements that contain the terms of the warrants. Forms of the warrant agreements and
forms of warrants containing the terms of the warrants being offered have been filed as exhibits to
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental agreements and
forms of warrants containing the terms of the warrants being offered will be filed as exhibits to
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference
from reports we file with the SEC.
We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a
separate agreement. We will enter into the warrant agreements with a warrant agent. Each warrant
agent will be a bank that we select. We will state the name and address of the warrant agent in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.
Debt Securities. We may offer debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as
either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt
securities will rank equally with any other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated
debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner
described in the instrument governing the debt, to all of our senior indebtedness. Convertible debt
securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities.
Conversion may be mandatory or at the lenders option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.
The debt securities will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are
contracts between us and a national banking association, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have
summarized certain general features of the debt securities. We urge you, however, to read the
prospectus supplement related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the
complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Indentures have been filed as
exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental
indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of debt securities being offered will
be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be
incorporated by reference from reports we file with the SEC.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the periods
indicated:
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Six Months Ended |
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
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Ratio of earnings
to fixed charges |
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For the purpose of this table, earnings consist of income (loss) from continuing operations
before income taxes, extraordinary items, cumulative effect of accounting changes, equity in net
losses of affiliates and fixed charges and fixed charges consist of interest expense and the
portion of operating lease expense that represents interest. For the fiscal years ended December 31,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and the six months ended June 30, 2007, we had no earnings.
Our earnings for those periods were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $206.3 million, $65.9 million,
$76.0 million, $114.3 million, $228.8 million and
$143.1 million, respectively.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements contained in this prospectus, in the documents incorporated by reference herein and
in any prospectus supplement that are not strictly historical in nature are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Securities Act, and within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to the safe harbor
created by Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and may include,
but are not limited to, statements about:
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the progress or success of our research, development and clinical programs; |
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the timing of completion of enrollment in our clinical trials, the timing of the
interim analyses and the timing or success of the commercialization of our Technosphere
Insulin System, or any other products or therapies that we may develop; |
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our ability to market, commercialize and achieve market acceptance for our
Technosphere Insulin System, or any other products or therapies that we may develop; |
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our ability to protect our intellectual property and operate our business without
infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; |
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our estimates for future performance; our estimates regarding anticipated operating
losses, future revenues, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; |
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scientific studies and the conclusions we draw from them; and |
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our ability to successfully enter into strategic business collaborations. |
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as anticipates,
believes, could, estimates, expects, goal, intends, may, plans, potential,
predicts, projects, should, will, would, the negative of these words and words or similar
expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our views as
of the date on which they were made with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and
subject to risks and uncertainties. The underlying information and expectations are likely to
change over time. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements as actual events or results may differ materially from those projected
in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those set
forth under the heading Risk Factors in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our SEC
filings. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the
date of the document containing the applicable statement.
You should rely only on the information contained, or incorporated by reference, in this
prospectus, the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, the documents
incorporated by reference herein, and any applicable prospectus supplement and understand that our
actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the
forward-looking statements in the foregoing documents by these cautionary statements. Unless
required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to
reflect new information or future events or developments. Thus, you should not assume that our
silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such
forward-looking statements. Before deciding to purchase our securities, you should carefully
consider the risk factors discussed here or incorporated by reference, in addition to the other
information set forth in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and in the
documents incorporated by reference.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Except as described in any prospectus supplement, we currently intend to use the net proceeds
from the sale of the securities offered hereby to fund the costs of our clinical trials program and
other research and development activities and expand our manufacturing operations, both on-going
and planned, and for general corporate purposes, including working capital and repayment of
outstanding indebtedness. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to in-license, invest in or
acquire businesses or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have
no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this
prospectus other than our agreement to license certain technology from the Technion Research and
Development Foundation Ltd, an Israeli corporation affiliated with the Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment-grade,
interest-bearing securities.
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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value,
and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value. As of June 30, 2007, there were
73,485,839 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Voting Rights
Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters
submitted to a vote of our stockholders, including the election of our directors. Under our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws, our stockholders will not have cumulative voting rights.
Accordingly, the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote
in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should
so choose. In all other matters, an action by our common stockholders requires the affirmative vote
of the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote.
Dividends
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of our preferred
stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends our board of
directors declares out of funds legally available for that purpose. Any dividends on our common
stock will be non-cumulative.
Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up
If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share
ratably in all assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders after the payment of
all of our debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted
to the holders of any outstanding shares of our preferred stock.
Rights and Preferences
Our common stock has no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights. There are no redemption
or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges
of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of
the holders of any outstanding shares of our of preferred stock, which we may designate and issue
in the future.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Delaware takeover statute
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, which
regulates acquisitions of some Delaware corporations. In general, Section 203 prohibits, with some
exceptions, a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an
interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date of the transaction in which
the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
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the board of directors of the corporation approved the business combination or the
other transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder prior to the date
of the business combination or other transaction; |
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upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an
interested stockholder, the person owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the
corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by
persons who are directors and also officers of the corporation and shares issued under
employee stock plans under which employee participants do not have the right to determine
confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or
exchange offer; or |
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on or subsequent to the date the person became an interested stockholder, the board of
directors of the corporation approved the business combination and the stockholders of
the corporation authorized the business combination at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding stock of the
corporation not owned by the interested stockholder. |
Section 203 of the DGCL generally defines a business combination to include any of the following:
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any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; |
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any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the corporations
assets or outstanding stock involving the interested stockholder; |
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in general, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the
corporation of any of its stock to the interested stockholder; |
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any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the
proportionate share of its stock owned by the interested stockholder; or |
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the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances,
guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. |
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In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any person who, together with
the persons affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of
interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporations voting stock.
Section 203 of the DGCL could depress our stock price and delay, discourage or prohibit
transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, such as takeover attempts that
might otherwise involve the payment to our stockholders of a premium over the market price of our
common stock.
Certificate of incorporation and bylaw provisions
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include a number of provisions that may have the
effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in our control or our
management, including, but not limited to the following:
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Our board of directors can issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with any
rights or preferences, including the right to approve or not approve an acquisition or
other change in our control. |
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Our certificate of incorporation provides that all stockholder actions must be effected
at a duly called meeting of holders and not by written consent. |
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Our bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the
Chairman of our board of directors, by our Chief Executive Officer, by our board of
directors upon a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized
directors or, under certain limited circumstances, by the holders of at least 5% of our
outstanding voting stock. |
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Our bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of
stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of
stockholders must provide timely notice in writing and also specify requirements as to the
form and content of a stockholders notice. These provisions may delay or preclude
stockholders from bringing matters before a meeting of our stockholders or from making
nominations for directors at a meeting of stockholders, which could delay or deter takeover
attempts or changes in our management. |
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Our certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to the rights of the holders of
any outstanding series of preferred stock, all vacancies, including newly created
directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote
of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum. In addition, our
certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors may fix the number of
directors by resolution. |
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Our certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting for directors.
The absence of cumulative voting may make it more difficult for stockholders who own an
aggregate of less than a majority of our voting stock to elect any directors to our board
of directors. |
These and other provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws are
expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions
are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our
board of directors. However, these provisions could delay or discourage transactions involving an
actual or potential change in control of us or our management, including transactions in which our
stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over market price of our stock and
may limit the ability of stockholders to remove our current management or approve transactions that
our stockholders may deem to be in their best interests and, therefore, could adversely affect the
price of our common stock.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Mellon Investor Services. Mellon
Investor Services address is 400 South Hope Street, Suite 400, Los Angeles, California 90071.
6
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that
we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock or debt
securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or
together with common stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be
attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will
generally apply to any future warrants we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the
particular terms of any warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The terms of any warrants we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the
terms we describe below.
We will issue the warrants under a warrant agreement which we will enter into with a warrant
agent to be selected by us. We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and the related warrant
certificates for each type of warrant we may offer under this prospectus as exhibits to the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We use the term warrant agreement to
refer to any of these warrant agreements. We use the term warrant agent to refer to the warrant
agent under any of these warrant agreements. The warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours
in connection with the warrants and will not act as an agent for the holders or beneficial owners
of the warrants.
The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are
subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant
agreement applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable
prospectus supplement related to the warrants that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the
complete warrant agreements that contain the terms of the warrants.
General
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of
warrants.
If warrants for the purchase of common stock are offered, the applicable prospectus supplement
will describe the following terms, to the extent applicable:
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the offering price and the aggregate number of warrants offered; |
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the total number of shares that can be purchased if a holder of the warrants exercises them; |
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the number of shares of common stock that can be purchased if a holder exercises the
warrant and the price at which such common stock may be purchased upon exercise, including,
if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price and in
the securities or other property receivable upon exercise; |
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call, or accelerate the expiration of, the warrants; |
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants begins and the date on which that right expires; |
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certain federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the warrants. |
If warrants for the purchase of debt securities are offered, the applicable prospectus
supplement will describe the following terms, to the extent applicable:
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the offering price and the aggregate number of warrants offered; |
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the currencies in which the warrants are being offered; |
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the designation, denominations and terms of the series of debt securities that can be
purchased if a holder exercises a warrant; |
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the principal amount of the series of debt securities that can be purchased if a holder
exercises a warrant and the price at which and currencies in which such principal amount
may be purchased upon exercise; |
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; |
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants begins and the date on which such right expires; |
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certain federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the warrants. |
Warrants will be in registered form only.
If the warrants are offered attached to common stock or debt securities, the applicable
prospectus supplement will also describe the date on and after which the holder of the warrants can
transfer them separately from the related common stock or debt securities.
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A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new certificates of different
denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust
office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Until any warrants to purchase common stock are exercised, holders of the warrants will not have
any rights of holders of the underlying common stock, including any rights to receive dividends or
to exercise any voting rights, except to the extent set forth under Warrant Adjustments below.
Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not
have any of the rights of holders of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise,
including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt
securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture.
Exercise of Warrants
Each holder of a warrant is entitled to purchase the number of shares of common stock or
principal amount of debt securities at the exercise price described in the applicable prospectus
supplement. After the close of business on the day when the right to exercise terminates (or a
later date if we extend the time for exercise), unexercised warrants will become void.
A holder of warrants may exercise them by following the general procedure outlined below:
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delivering to the warrant agent the payment required by the applicable prospectus
supplement to purchase the underlying security; |
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properly completing and signing the reverse side of the warrant certificate representing
the warrants; and |
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delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to the warrant agent within
five business days of the warrant agent receiving payment of the exercise price. |
If you comply with the procedures described above, your warrants will be considered to have
been exercised when the warrant agent receives payment of the exercise price, subject to the
transfer books for the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrant not being closed on such
date. After you have completed those procedures and subject to the foregoing, we will, as soon as
practicable, issue and deliver to you the common stock or debt securities that you purchased upon
exercise. If you exercise fewer than all of the warrants represented by a warrant certificate, a
new warrant certificate will be issued to you for the unexercised amount of warrants. Holders of
warrants will be required to pay any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with transferring the underlying securities in connection with the exercise of the warrants.
Amendments and Supplements to the Warrant Agreements
We may amend or supplement a warrant agreement without the consent of the holders of the
applicable warrants to cure ambiguities in the warrant agreement, to cure or correct a defective
provision in the warrant agreement, or to provide for other matters under the warrant agreement
that we and the warrant agent deem necessary or desirable, so long as, in each case, such
amendments or supplements do not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the
warrants.
Warrant Adjustments
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, the exercise price of, and the
number of securities covered by, a common stock warrant will be adjusted proportionately if we
subdivide or combine our common stock. In addition, unless the applicable prospectus supplement
states otherwise, if we without receiving payment:
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issue capital stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for common
stock, or any rights to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing,
as a dividend or distribution to holders of our common stock; |
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issue any evidence of our indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase our
indebtedness to holders of our common stock; or |
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issue common stock or additional stock or other securities or property to holders of our
common stock by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or
similar corporate rearrangement, |
then the holders of common stock warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the
warrants, in addition to the securities otherwise receivable upon exercise of the warrants and
without paying any additional consideration, the amount of stock and other securities and property
such holders would have been entitled to receive had they held the common stock issuable under the
warrants on the dates on which holders of those securities received or became entitled to receive
such additional stock and other securities and property.
Except as stated above, the exercise price and number of securities covered by a common stock
warrant and the amounts of other securities or property to be received, if any, upon exercise of
those warrants, will not be adjusted or provided for if we issue those securities or any securities
convertible into or exchangeable for those securities, or securities carrying the right to purchase
those securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for those securities.
Holders of common stock warrants may have additional rights under the following circumstances:
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certain reclassifications, capital reorganizations or changes of the common stock; |
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certain share exchanges, mergers, or similar transactions involving us and which result
in changes of the common stock; or
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certain sales or dispositions to another entity of all or substantially all of our
property and assets. |
If one of the above transactions occurs and holders of our common stock are entitled to
receive stock, securities or other property with respect to or in exchange for their securities,
the holders of the common stock warrants then outstanding will be entitled to receive upon exercise
of their warrants the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities or property that they
would have received upon the applicable transaction if they had exercised their warrants
immediately before the transaction.
9
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt
securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will
apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe
the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may
differ from the terms we describe below. However, no prospectus supplement shall fundamentally
change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered
and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. As of the date of this
prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities.
We will issue the senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into
with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue the subordinated debt securities
under the subordinated indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated
indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement which
includes this prospectus. We use the term indentures in this prospectus to refer to both the
senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.
The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or Trust
Indenture Act. We use the term debenture trustee to refer to either the trustee under the senior
indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated
debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to,
all the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge
you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under
this prospectus, as well as the indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as
we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are
identical.
General
We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of
debt securities, including:
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the title; |
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the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding; |
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any limit on the amount that may be issued; |
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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, the terms and who the depositary will be; |
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the maturity date; |
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whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt
securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether
we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts; |
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the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining
the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and
the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such
dates; |
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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; |
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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt; |
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the place where payments will be payable; |
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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; |
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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; |
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the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the
series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and
the terms of those redemptions provisions; |
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the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to
any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the
holders option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency
unit in which the debt securities are payable; |
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whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to: |
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incur additional indebtedness; |
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issue additional securities; |
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create liens;
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pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries; |
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redeem capital stock; |
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place restrictions on our subsidiaries ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; |
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make investments or other restricted payments; |
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sell or otherwise dispose of assets; |
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enter into sale-leaseback transactions; |
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engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates; |
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issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or |
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effect a consolidation or merger; |
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whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge,
cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios; |
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a discussion of certain material or special United States federal income tax
considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
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information describing any book-entry features; |
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provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any; |
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whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed
to be offered at an original issue discount as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273
of the Internal Revenue Code; |
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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the
debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with
respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under
applicable laws or regulations. |
Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt
securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We
will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the
holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our
common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive
would be subject to adjustment.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
The indentures do not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate,
or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However,
any successor to or acquiror of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures
or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible for our other
securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom
we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into
securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the
debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.
Events of Default Under the Indenture
The following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt
securities that we may issue:
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if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days
and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred; |
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if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and
payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed; |
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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or
the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt
securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the
debenture trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and |
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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. |
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing,
other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or
the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
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securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice
is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued
interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet
point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of
each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other
action on the part of the debenture trustee or any holder.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an
affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its
consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any,
or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture.
Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur
and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights
or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable
series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable
indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any
series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for
any remedy available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
debenture trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:
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the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable
indenture; and |
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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the debenture trustee need not take
any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to
the holders not involved in the proceeding. |
A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a
proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:
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the holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of
default with respect to that series; |
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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered
reasonable indemnity to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and |
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the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of
that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and
offer. |
These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we
default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
We will periodically file statements with the debenture trustee regarding our compliance with
specified covenants in the indentures.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
We and the debenture trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with
respect to specific matters:
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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture; |
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to comply with the provisions described above under Consolidation, Merger or Sale; |
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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any
indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; |
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to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the
authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt
securities, as set forth in the indenture; |
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to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the
debt securities of any series as provided under General to establish the form of any
certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any
series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt
securities; |
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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; |
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to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose; |
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to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for
the protection of the holders, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the
continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions an event of default; or |
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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder
of debt securities of any series. |
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be
changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of
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each series that is affected. However, we and the debenture trustee may only make the
following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
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extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities; |
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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of
interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or |
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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent
to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver. |
Discharge
Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect
to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations
to:
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register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; |
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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; |
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maintain paying agencies; |
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hold monies for payment in trust; |
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recover excess money held by the debenture trustee; |
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compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee; and |
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appoint any successor trustee. |
In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the debenture trustee
money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium and interest
on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons
and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities
of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be
deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and
identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series. See Legal Ownership of
Securities for a further description of the terms relating to any book-entry securities.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations
applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of
the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the
same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt
securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer
endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the
security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless
otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we
will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require
payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer
agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities.
We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer
agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will
be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each
series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
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issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a
period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice
of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the
close of business on the day of the mailing; or |
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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in
whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in
part. |
Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee
The debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default
under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the
applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use
the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own
affairs.
13
Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the
powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is
offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might
incur.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of
the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the
debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on
the regular record date for the interest.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular
series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise
indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we
will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in a
prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the debenture trustee in the
City of New York as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each
series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we
initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent
in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for the payment of the principal
of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years
after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the
holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with
the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities
The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate and junior in
priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus
supplement. The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities
that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
14
LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We
describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities
registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee maintain for this
purpose as the holders of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the
securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in
securities that are not registered in their own names, as indirect holders of those securities.
As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities
issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.
Book-Entry Holders
We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable
prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities
registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other
financial institutions that participate in the depositarys book-entry system. These participating
institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn hold beneficial interests in the
securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.
Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that
security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its
participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the
depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the
depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn
pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its
participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they
are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.
As a result, investors in a book-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead,
they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial
institution that participates in the depositarys book-entry system or holds an interest through a
participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect
holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.
Street Name Holders
We may terminate a global security or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases,
investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in street name. Securities
held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other
financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial
interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.
For securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and
other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those
securities, and we will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass
along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because
they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so.
Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not legal holders, of those
securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties
employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have
obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by
any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect
holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.
For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further
responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with
depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does
not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to
relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular
provision of the indenture or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only
from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the
holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.
Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in
book-entry form or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:
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how it handles securities payments and notices; |
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whether it imposes fees or charges; |
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how it would handle a request for the holders consent, if ever required; |
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whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is
permitted in the future;
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how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event
triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and |
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if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositarys rules and procedures will
affect these matters. |
Global Securities
A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual
securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global
securities will have the same terms.
Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we
deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The
financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify
otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New
York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the
depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We
describe those situations below under Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be
Terminated. As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole
registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors
will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must
be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has
an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose
security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only
an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be
issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times
unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the
securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer
be held through any book-entry clearing system.
Special Considerations for Global Securities
As an indirect holder, an investors rights relating to a global security will be governed by
the account rules of the investors financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general
laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a legal holder of
securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.
If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of
the following:
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An investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name and cannot
obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the
special situations we describe below. |
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An investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker
for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the
securities, as we describe above. |
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An investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance
companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in
non-book-entry form. |
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An investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in
circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the
lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective. |
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The depositarys policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments,
transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investors interest in a global
security. We and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the
depositarys actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security. We and
the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way. |
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The depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and
sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available
funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well. |
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Financial institutions that participate in the depositarys book-entry system, and
through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own
policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. There
may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We
do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries. |
Special Situations when a Global Security Will Be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, the global security will terminate, and interests
in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that
exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the
investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests
in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described
the rights of holders and street name investors above.
16
The global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:
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if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to
continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution
to act as depositary within 90 days; |
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if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or |
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if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global
security and has not been cured or waived. |
The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a
global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the
prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any
applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the
initial direct holders.
17
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the common stock warrants or debt securities to or through underwriters or
dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. A prospectus supplement or
supplements will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:
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the name or names of any underwriters, if any; |
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the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
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any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
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any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents or underwriters compensation; |
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any public offering price; |
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and |
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any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. |
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities
offered by the prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account
and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public
offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the
underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the
applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting
syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to
certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by
the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or
reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we
have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the
underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name
any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we
will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise,
our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional
investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus
supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified
date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must
pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related
to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to
payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and
underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of
business.
All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no
established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be
obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot
guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering
transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment
involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing
transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not
exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the
open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the
underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by
the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may
cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the
underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the NASDAQ Global Market may engage in
passive market making transactions in the common stock, warrants and debt securities on the NASDAQ
Global Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the
pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive
market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as
passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in
excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below
the passive market makers bid, however, the passive market makers bid must then be lowered when
certain purchase limits are exceeded.
18
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Cooley
Godward Kronish LLP, San Diego, California.
EXPERTS
The
financial statements, the related financial statement schedules, and managements report on the effectiveness of internal control over
financial reporting incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Companys Annual Report
on Form 10-K have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference, and have
been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as
experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are a reporting company and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3
under the Securities Act with respect to the securities we are offering under this prospectus. This
prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the
information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits which are part of the
registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are
offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and
schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. You may read and copy any document we file
with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the Public
Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available at the SECs website at www.sec.gov. We
maintain a website at www.mannkindcorp.com. Information contained in our website does not
constitute a part of this prospectus.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference information that we file with it, which means
that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The
information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this
prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the
date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically
update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this
registration statement and prospectus the documents listed below, and any future filings we will
make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of
the initial registration statement but prior to effectiveness of the registration statement and
after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities
covered by this prospectus (other than current reports or portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02
or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K):
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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006; |
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our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007; |
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our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on February 26,
2007, June 18, 2007 and August 3, 2007; and |
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the description of our common stock set forth in our registration statement on Form 8-A,
filed with the SEC on July 23, 2004, including any amendments or reports filed for the
purposes of updating this description. |
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the
documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You should direct any
requests for documents to:
Investor Relations
MannKind Corporation
28903 North Avenue Paine
Valencia, CA 91355
(661) 775-5300
19
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than the underwriting
discounts and commissions, payable by the Registrant in connection with the offering of the
securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the registration fee.
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SEC registration fee |
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$ |
10,745 |
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Accounting fees and expenses |
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125,000 |
* |
Legal fees and expenses |
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150,000 |
* |
Trustees fees |
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18,000 |
* |
Printing and miscellaneous expenses |
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100,000 |
* |
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Total |
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$ |
403,745 |
* |
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Item 15. Indemnification of Officers and Directors.
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 145 of the DGCL
generally provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who is, or is threatened to
be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such
corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or
agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as an officer,
director, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include
expenses (including attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided
that such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the corporations best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was illegal. A Delaware corporation may
also indemnify any person who is, or is threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending
or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation by reason of the fact that such
person was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the
request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or
enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit,
provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the corporations best interests, except that no indemnification is permitted
without judicial approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the corporation.
Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action
referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses which such
officer or director has actually and reasonably incurred. Our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws provide for the indemnification of our directors and officers to the fullest extent
permitted under the DGCL and other applicable laws.
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of
incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation
or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duties as a director, except for
liability:
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for any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit; |
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for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
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for improper payment of dividends or redemptions of shares; or |
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for any breach of a directors duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders. |
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include this provision. Expenses incurred by any
officer or director in defending any such action, suit or proceeding in advance of its final
disposition shall be paid by us upon delivery to us of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such
director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that
such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by us.
As permitted by Delaware law, we have entered into indemnity agreements with each of our
directors and executive officers that require us to indemnify such persons against any and all
expenses (including attorneys fees), witness fees, damages, judgments, fines, settlements and
other amounts incurred (including expenses of a derivative action) in connection with any action,
suit or proceeding, whether actual or threatened, to which any such person may be made a party by
reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, an officer or an employee of the Company
or any of its affiliated enterprises, provided that such person acted in good faith and in a manner
such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and,
with respect to any criminal proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was
unlawful. The indemnification agreements also set forth certain procedures that will apply in the
event of a claim for indemnification thereunder.
Item 16. Exhibits
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description of Document |
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4.1
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.2
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Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Registrants quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2007). |
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4.3
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Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to
Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.4
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Form of common stock certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.5
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Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate. |
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4.6
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Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate. |
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4.7
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Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of
August 9, 2007 among MannKind Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., as trustee. |
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4.8
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Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of
August 9, 2007 among MannKind Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., as trustee. |
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4.9 (1)
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Form of Senior Note. |
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4.10 (1)
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Form of Subordinated Note. |
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5.1
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Opinion of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP. |
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12.1
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Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. |
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23.1
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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
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23.2
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Consent of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
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24.1
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Power of Attorney (included on signature page). |
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25.1
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Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Senior Debt Indenture. |
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25.2
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Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Subordinated Debt Indenture. |
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(1) |
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To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a current report of the Registrant on Form 8-K
and incorporated herein by reference. |
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective
amendment to this registration statement:
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To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
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(ii) |
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To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date
of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof)
which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the
information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any
increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of
securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from
the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form
of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in the effective
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registration statement; |
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(iii) |
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To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
provided, however, that subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports
filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in
a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such
post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities
being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
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(i) |
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If the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B: |
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(a) |
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Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be
deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus
was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
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(b) |
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Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or
(b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an
offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of
providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be
deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of
the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the
first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As
provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at
that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the
registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to
which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no
statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior
to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the
registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or
made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
or
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(ii) |
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If the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule
424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than
registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses field in
reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration
statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that
no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration
statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first
use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or
prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document
immediately prior to such date of first use. |
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act
to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant hereby
undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this
registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the
purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following
communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered
to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
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(i) |
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Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating
to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
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(ii) |
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Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of
the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; |
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(iii) |
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The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering
containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities
provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
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(iv) |
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Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned
Registrant to the purchaser. |
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each
filing of the Registrants annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit
plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by
reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at
that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(7) That: (i) for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the
information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of the
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and (ii) for the purpose of
determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a
form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted
to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to provisions described
in Item 15 above or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted
by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered,
the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be
governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has
reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has
duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the City of Valencia, State of California, on
August 9, 2007.
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MANNKIND CORPORATION
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By: |
/s/ Alfred E. Mann
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Alfred E. Mann |
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Chief Executive Officer and Chairman |
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes
and appoints Hakan S. Edstrom, Richard L. Anderson and David Thomson, as his or her true and lawful
agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities,
to (i) act on, sign, and file with the SEC any and all amendments (including post-effective
amendments) to this registration statement together with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (ii)
act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be
necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (iii) act on and file any supplement to any
prospectus included in this registration statement or any such amendment or any subsequent
registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and (iv) take any and
all actions which may be necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes
as he or she might or could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such
agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact or any of his substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been
signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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Signatures |
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Title |
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Date |
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/s/ Alfred E. Mann
Alfred E. Mann
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Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of
the Board of Directors
(Principal
Executive Officer)
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ Hakan S. Edstrom
Hakan S. Edstrom
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President, Chief
Operating Officer
and Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ Richard L. Anderson
Richard L. Anderson
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Corporate Vice
President and Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal
Financial and
Accounting Officer)
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August 9, 2007 |
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Director
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, 2007 |
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/s/ Ronald J. Consiglio
Ronald J. Consiglio
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ Michael Friedman, M.D.
Michael Friedman, M.D.
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ Kent Kresa
Kent Kresa
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ David H. MacCallum
David H. MacCallum
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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Signatures |
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Title |
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Date |
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/s/ Heather Hay Murren
Heather Hay Murren
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
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/s/ Henry L. Nordhoff
Henry L. Nordhoff
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Director
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August 9, 2007 |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description of Document |
4.1
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.2
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Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Registrants quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2007). |
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4.3
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Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to
Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.4
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Form of common stock certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement File No. 333-115020). |
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4.5
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Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate. |
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4.6
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Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate. |
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4.7
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Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of
August 9, 2007 among MannKind Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., as trustee. |
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4.8
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Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of
August 9, 2007 among MannKind Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., as trustee. |
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4.9 (1)
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Form of Senior Note. |
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4.10 (1)
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Form of Subordinated Note. |
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5.1
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Opinion of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP. |
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12.1
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Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. |
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23.1
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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
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23.2
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Consent of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
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24.1
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Power of Attorney (included on signature page). |
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25.1
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Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Senior Debt Indenture. |
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25.2
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Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Subordinated Debt Indenture. |
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(1) |
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To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a current report of the Registrant on Form 8-K
and incorporated herein by reference. |