Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
ý   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2010
or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                      to                     
Commission file number 1-7657
AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
New York   13-4922250
     
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)    
     
World Financial Center, 200 Vesey Street, New York, NY   10285
     
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (212) 640-2000
None
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer ý   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
     
Class   Outstanding at July 30, 2010
     
Common Shares (par value $.20 per share)   1,203,211,865 shares
 
 

 

 


 

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
         
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    E-1  
         
 Exhibit 10.1
 Exhibit 10.2
 Exhibit 10.3
 EX-12
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1
 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

 

 


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
                 
Three Months Ended June 30 (Millions, except per share amounts)   2010     2009  
Revenues
               
Non-interest revenues
               
Discount revenue
  $ 3,734     $ 3,305  
Net card fees
    520       532  
Travel commissions and fees
    434       407  
Other commissions and fees
    497       439  
Securitization income, net
          (2 )
Other
    485       670  
 
           
Total non-interest revenues
    5,670       5,351  
 
           
Interest income
               
Interest and fees on loans
    1,657       1,081  
Interest and dividends on investment securities
    125       196  
Deposits with banks and other
    16       11  
 
           
Total interest income
    1,798       1,288  
 
           
Interest expense
               
Deposits
    137       105  
Short-term borrowings
    1       7  
Long-term debt and other
    472       435  
 
           
Total interest expense
    610       547  
 
           
Net interest income
    1,188       741  
 
           
Total revenues net of interest expense
    6,858       6,092  
 
           
Provisions for losses
               
Charge card
    96       237  
Cardmember loans
    540       1,303  
Other
    16       44  
 
           
Total provisions for losses
    652       1,584  
 
           
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    6,206       4,508  
 
           
Expenses
               
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
    2,122       1,512  
Salaries and employee benefits
    1,315       1,370  
Professional services
    636       599  
Other, net
    538       609  
 
           
Total
    4,611       4,090  
 
           
Pretax income from continuing operations
    1,595       418  
Income tax provision
    578       76  
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    1,017       342  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (5 )
 
           
Net income
  $ 1,017     $ 337  
 
           
Earnings per Common Share – Basic: (Note 13)
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
           
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09  
 
           
Earnings per Common Share – Diluted: (Note 13)
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
           
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09  
 
           
Average common shares outstanding for earnings per common share:
               
Basic
    1,190       1,162  
Diluted
    1,197       1,165  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.18     $ 0.18  
 
     
(a)  
Represents income from continuing operations or net income, as applicable, less (i) accelerated preferred dividend accretion of $212 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009 due to a repurchase of $3.39 billion of preferred shares issued as part of the Capital Purchase Program (CPP), (ii) preferred share dividends and related accretion of $22 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009, and (iii) earnings allocated to participating share awards and other items of $13 million and $1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
                 
Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions, except per share amounts)   2010     2009  
Revenues
               
Non-interest revenues
               
Discount revenue
  $ 7,200     $ 6,371  
Net card fees
    1,041       1,064  
Travel commissions and fees
    820       772  
Other commissions and fees
    997       892  
Securitization income, net
          139  
Other
    911       1,120  
 
           
Total non-interest revenues
    10,969       10,358  
 
           
Interest income
               
Interest and fees on loans
    3,432       2,373  
Interest and dividends on investment securities
    242       350  
Deposits with banks and other
    29       39  
 
           
Total interest income
    3,703       2,762  
 
           
Interest expense
               
Deposits
    265       190  
Short-term borrowings
    2       34  
Long-term debt and other
    941       878  
 
           
Total interest expense
    1,208       1,102  
 
           
Net interest income
    2,495       1,660  
 
           
Total revenues net of interest expense
    13,464       12,018  
 
           
Provisions for losses
               
Charge card
    323       573  
Cardmember loans
    1,228       2,717  
Other
    44       97  
 
           
Total provisions for losses
    1,595       3,387  
 
           
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    11,869       8,631  
 
           
Expenses
               
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
    4,084       2,814  
Salaries and employee benefits
    2,642       2,623  
Professional services
    1,197       1,118  
Other, net
    1,099       1,114  
 
           
Total
    9,022       7,669  
 
           
Pretax income from continuing operations
    2,847       962  
Income tax provision
    945       177  
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    1,902       785  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (11 )
 
           
Net income
  $ 1,902     $ 774  
 
           
Earnings per Common Share – Basic: (Note 13)
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 1.58     $ 0.41  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (0.01 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 1.58     $ 0.40  
 
           
Earnings per Common Share – Diluted: (Note 13)
               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 1.57     $ 0.41  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (0.01 )
 
           
Net income attributable to common shareholders(a)
  $ 1.57     $ 0.40  
 
           
Average common shares outstanding for earnings per common share:
               
Basic
    1,188       1,159  
Diluted
    1,194       1,161  
Cash dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.36     $ 0.36  
 
     
(a)  
Represents income from continuing operations or net income, as applicable, less (i) accelerated preferred dividend accretion of $212 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 due to a repurchase of $3.39 billion of preferred shares issued as part of the Capital Purchase Program (CPP), (ii) preferred share dividends and related accretion of $94 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and (iii) earnings allocated to participating share awards and other items of $25 million and $5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
(Millions, except share data)   2010     2009  
Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
               
Cash and cash due from banks
  $ 1,850     $ 1,525  
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks (including securities purchased under resale agreements: 2010, $321; 2009, $212)
    18,423       11,010  
Short-term investment securities
    414       4,064  
 
           
Total cash and cash equivalents
    20,687       16,599  
Accounts receivable
               
Cardmember receivables (includes gross receivables of a consolidated variable interest entity: 2010, $7,582; 2009, $8,314), less reserves: 2010, $440; 2009, $546
    34,188       33,197  
Other receivables, less reserves: 2010, $184; 2009, $109
    2,858       5,007  
Loans
               
Cardmember loans (includes gross loans of a consolidated variable interest entity: 2010, $33,510)(a), less reserves: 2010, $4,866; 2009, $3,268
    52,406       29,504  
Other, less reserves: 2010, $24; 2009, $27
    409       506  
Investment securities
    17,328       24,337  
Premises and equipment — at cost, less accumulated depreciation: 2010, $4,387; 2009, $4,130
    2,714       2,782  
Other assets (includes restricted cash of consolidated variable interest entities: 2010, $1,437; 2009, $1,799)(a)
    13,173       13,213  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 143,763     $ 125,145  
 
           
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
               
Liabilities
               
Customer deposits
  $ 28,352     $ 26,289  
Travelers Cheques outstanding
    5,411       5,975  
Accounts payable
    9,503       9,063  
Short-term borrowings
    2,609       2,344  
Long-term debt (includes debt issued by consolidated variable interest entities: 2010, $24,655; 2009, $4,970)
    69,345       52,338  
Other liabilities
    14,030       14,730  
 
           
Total liabilities
    129,250       110,739  
 
           
Contingencies (Note 15)
               
 
               
Shareholders’ Equity
               
Common shares, $.20 par value, authorized 3.6 billion shares; issued and outstanding 1,202 million shares in 2010 and 1,192 million shares in 2009
    239       237  
Additional paid-in capital
    11,586       11,144  
Retained earnings
    3,724       3,737  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
               
Net unrealized securities gains, net of tax: 2010, $(103); 2009, $(291)
    201       507  
Net unrealized derivatives losses, net of tax: 2010, $9; 2009, $15
    (16 )     (28 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax: 2010, $40; 2009, $31
    (787 )     (722 )
Net unrealized pension and other postretirement benefit costs, net of tax: 2010 $216; 2009, $244
    (434 )     (469 )
 
           
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (1,036 )     (712 )
 
           
Total shareholders’ equity
    14,513       14,406  
 
           
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 143,763     $ 125,145  
 
           
 
     
(a)  
The balance as of December 31, 2009 includes an undivided, pro-rata interest in an unconsolidated variable interest entity (historically referred to as “seller’s interest”) totaling $8,752, of which $8,033 is included in cardmember loans and $719 is included in other assets. Refer to Note 7 for additional details.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
                 
Six Months Ended June 30 (Millions)   2010     2009  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
               
Net income
  $ 1,902     $ 774  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          11  
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    1,902       785  
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Provisions for losses
    1,595       3,387  
Depreciation and amortization
    441       568  
Deferred taxes, acquisition costs and other
    699       (1,387 )
Stock-based compensation
    106       121  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
               
Other receivables
    202       422  
Other assets
    120       683  
Accounts payable and other liabilities
    (56 )     (1,351 )
Travelers Cheques outstanding
    (559 )     (462 )
Net cash used in operating activities attributable to discontinued operations
          (165 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    4,450       2,601  
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Sale of investments
    1,253       1,897  
Maturity and redemption of investments
    7,025       1,371  
Purchase of investments
    (4,911 )     (10,023 )
Net decrease in cardmember loans/receivables
    367       8,838  
Proceeds from cardmember loan securitizations
          998  
Maturities of cardmember loan securitizations
          (2,100 )
Purchase of premises and equipment
    (329 )     (334 )
Sale of premises and equipment
    7       36  
Acquisitions/Dispositions, net of cash acquired
    (254 )      
Net decrease (increase) in restricted cash
    2,327       (56 )
Net cash provided by investing activities attributable to discontinued operations
          183  
 
           
Net cash provided by investing activities
    5,485       810  
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Net change in customer deposits
    2,068       4,766  
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings
    298       (6,719 )
Issuance of long-term debt
    1,444       2,980  
Principal payments on long-term debt
    (9,509 )     (9,682 )
Issuance of American Express Series A preferred shares and warrants
          3,389  
Issuance of American Express common shares
    295       531  
Repurchase of American Express Series A preferred shares
          (3,389 )
Common and preferred dividends paid
    (433 )     (494 )
Net cash used in financing activities attributable to discontinued operations
          (19 )
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (5,837 )     (8,637 )
 
           
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    (10 )     20  
 
           
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    4,088       (5,206 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period includes cash of discontinued operations: 2010, $0; 2009, $3
    16,599       21,654  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period includes cash of discontinued operations: 2010, $0; 2009, $2
  $ 20,687     $ 16,448  
 
           
 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.  
Basis of Presentation
The Company
American Express is a global service company that provides customers with access to products, insights and experiences that enrich lives and build business success. The Company’s principal products and services are charge and credit payment card products and travel-related services offered to consumers and businesses around the world.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Express Company (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2009 (2009 Form 10-K).
The interim consolidated financial information in this report has not been audited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated financial position and the consolidated results of operations for the interim periods have been made. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. Results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
Accounting estimates are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates are based, in part, on management’s assumptions concerning future events. Among the more significant assumptions are those that relate to reserves for cardmember losses relating to loans and charge card receivables, reserves for Membership Rewards costs, fair value measurement, goodwill and income taxes. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management, but actual results could differ.
Classification of Cash Balances
The Company recently determined that in periods prior to June 30, 2010, the Company misclassified certain book overdraft balances against cash balances on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such overdraft balances, which arise in the normal course of the Company’s business activities, should have been classified as either accounts payable or other liabilities, depending on the underlying nature of the account. The Company has evaluated the effects of these misclassifications and concluded that none of them are material to any of the Company’s previously issued quarterly or annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Nevertheless, the Company has elected to revise in this report and future filings its Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to correct the effects of these misclassifications.
The amounts on prior period Consolidated Balance Sheets that have been revised are summarized below:
Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of:
                                                 
    March 31, 2010     December 31, 2009     December 31, 2008  
    As             As             As        
    Previously     As     Previously     As     Previously     As  
(Billions)   Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised  
 
                                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 21.1     $ 22.9     $ 15.5     $ 16.6     $ 20.5     $ 21.7  
 
                                               
Accounts payable and other liabilities
    22.0       23.8       22.7       23.8       23.0       24.2  
 

 

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
These balance sheet misclassifications further impacted amounts previously reported in prior period Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as summarized below:
                                                                 
    Three Months     Nine Months     Six Months     Three Months  
    Ended     Ended     Ended     Ended  
    March 31, 2010     September 30, 2009     June 30, 2009     March 31, 2009  
    As             As             As             As        
    Previously     As     Previously     As     Previously     As     Previously     As  
(Billions)   Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised  
 
                                                               
Change in accounts payable and other liabilities
  $ (1.0 )   $ 0.2 (a)   $ (0.9 )   $ (1.0 )   $ (1.1 )   $ (1.4 )   $ (2.3 )   $ (2.7 )
 
                                                               
Net cash provided by operating activities
    1.1       2.3 (a)     5.0 (b)     4.9       2.9 (b)     2.6       1.0       0.6  
 
                                                               
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    5.6       6.4       (1.9 )     (2.0 )     (4.9 )     (5.2 )     0.3       (0.1 )
 
     
(a)  
The “As Revised’ amounts also include a $0.4 billion adjustment to correct certain balances relating to the foreign currency translation impact on cash flows. This item resulted in a corresponding $0.4 billion decrease in cash flows in “net decrease in cardmember loans/receivables” and “net cash provided by investing activities” in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2010. This item did not affect any other previously issued quarterly or annual consolidated financial statements.
 
(b)  
The “As Previously Reported” amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and the six months ended June 30, 2009 include reductions to net cash provided by operating activities of $0.6 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively, to conform to certain reclassifications beginning with the December 31, 2009 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. These reclassifications relate to net recoveries of cardmember loans/receivables and changes in restricted cash balances, both of which are now reflected in cash flows from investing activities.
                                                 
    Year Ended     Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31, 2009     December 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    As             As             As        
    Previously     As     Previously     As     Previously     As  
(Billions)   Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised     Reported     Revised  
 
                                               
Change in accounts payable and other liabilities
  $     $ (0.1 )   $ 0.9     $ 0.5     $ 1.0     $ 1.5  
 
                                               
Net cash provided by operating activities
    6.4       6.3       8.1       7.7       8.0       8.5  
 
                                               
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (5.0 )     (5.1 )     5.3       4.9       7.0       7.5  
 

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued the Accounting Standard Update No. 2010-20—Receivables (Topic 310): Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses. This standard amends existing guidance by requiring an entity to provide a greater level of disaggregated information about the credit quality of its financing receivables and its allowance for credit losses. In addition, an entity will be required to disclose credit quality indicators, past due information, and modifications of its financing receivables. The amendments that require disclosures as of a balance sheet date are effective for December 31, 2010. The amendments that require disclosures about activity during a period are effective for periods beginning January 1, 2011. The new standard is anticipated to require expanded disclosure by the Company due to the requirement for further disaggregation of currently disclosed information, as well as new disclosure requirements surrounding reserve activity.
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2009-16, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and ASU No. 2009-17, Consolidations (Topic 810): Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities (generally referred to herein as new GAAP effective January 1, 2010). These standards eliminate the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity (QSPE), therefore requiring these entities to be evaluated under the accounting guidance for consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs). In addition, ASU 2009-17 requires an entity to reconsider its previous consolidation conclusions reached under the VIE consolidation model, including (i) whether an entity is a VIE, (ii) whether the enterprise is the VIE’s primary beneficiary and (iii) the required financial statement disclosures.
Upon adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company was required to change its accounting for the American Express Credit Account Master Trust (the Lending Trust), a previously unconsolidated VIE, which is now consolidated. As a result, beginning January 1, 2010, the securitized cardmember loans and related debt securities issued to third parties by the Lending Trust are included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company continues to consolidate the American Express Issuance Trust (the Charge Trust). Prior period results have not been revised for the change in accounting for the Lending Trust. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
2.  
Acquisition
On January 15, 2010, the Company purchased Revolution Money, a provider of secure person-to-person payment services through an internet based platform, for a cash purchase price of approximately $305 million. Among the assets acquired was $184 million of goodwill, $119 million of definite-lived intangible assets, and other miscellaneous net assets totaling $2 million. All assets and liabilities acquired, including goodwill, are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment. The acquisition of Revolution Money did not have a significant impact on the Corporate & Other segment’s or the Company’s results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
3.  
Fair Values
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and is based on the Company’s principal or most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) provide for a three-level hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, defined as follows:
   
Level 1 — Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
   
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, including:
  -  
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets
 
  -  
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active
 
  -  
Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
 
  -  
Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means
   
Level 3 — Inputs that are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances (e.g., internally derived assumptions surrounding the timing and amount of expected cash flows).

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by GAAP’s valuation hierarchy (as described above), as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                                                 
    2010     2009  
(Millions)   Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
Assets:
                                                               
Investment securities:(a)
                                                               
Equity securities
  $ 469     $ 469     $     $     $ 530     $ 530     $     $  
Retained subordinated securities(b)
                            3,599                   3,599  
Debt securities and other
    16,859             16,859             20,208             20,208        
Interest-only strip(b)
                            20                   20  
Derivatives(c)
    1,218             1,218             833             833        
 
                                               
Total assets
  $ 18,546     $ 469     $ 18,077     $     $ 25,190     $ 530     $ 21,041     $ 3,619  
 
                                               
Liabilities:
                                                               
Derivatives(c)
  $ 240     $     $ 240     $     $ 283     $     $ 283     $  
 
                                               
Total liabilities
  $ 240     $     $ 240     $     $ 283     $     $ 283     $  
 
                                               
 
       
  (a)  
Refer to Note 6 for the fair values of investment securities on a further disaggregated basis.
 
  (b)  
As a result of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company no longer presents the retained subordinated securities and interest-only strip within its Consolidated Financial Statements in periods subsequent to December 31, 2009. Refer to Note 7 for further details.
 
  (c)  
GAAP permits the netting of derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Company and its derivative counterparty. As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, $21 million and $33 million, respectively, of derivative assets and liabilities have been offset and presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 9 for the fair values of derivative assets and liabilities on a further disaggregated basis.
The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2009, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (AOCI):
 
                 
    2009 (a)
    Investments-Retained     Other Assets-  
(Millions)   Subordinated Securities     Interest-Only Strip  
Beginning fair value, January 1
  $ 744     $ 32  
Increases in securitized loans(b)
    1,760        
Unrealized and realized gains (losses)
    1,095 (c)     (12 )(d)
 
           
Ending fair value, December 31
  $ 3,599     $ 20  
 
           
 
       
  (a)  
The Company did not measure any financial instruments at fair value using significantly unobservable inputs during the six months ended June 30, 2010.
 
  (b)  
Represents cost basis of securitized loans.
 
  (c)  
Included in AOCI, net of taxes.
 
  (d)  
Included in securitization income, net.
Valuation Techniques Used in Measuring Fair Value
GAAP requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of all financial instruments. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership in an entity, or a contract between two entities to deliver cash or another financial instrument or to exchange other financial instruments. The disclosure requirements for the fair value of financial instruments exclude leases, equity method investments, affiliate investments, pension and benefit obligations, insurance contracts and all non-financial instruments.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
For the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (summarized in the valuation hierarchy table on the previous page) the Company applies the following valuation techniques to measure fair value:
Investment Securities (Excluding Retained Subordinated Securities and the Interest-only Strip)
   
When available, quoted market prices in active markets are used to determine fair value. Such investment securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
   
When quoted prices in an active market are not available, the fair values for the Company’s investment securities are obtained primarily from pricing services engaged by the Company, and the Company receives one price for each security. The fair values provided by the pricing services are estimated using pricing models, where the inputs to those models are based on observable market inputs. The inputs to the valuation techniques applied by the pricing services vary depending on the type of security being priced but are typically benchmark yields, benchmark security prices, credit spreads, prepayment speeds, reported trades and broker-dealer quotes, all with reasonable levels of transparency. The pricing services did not apply any adjustments to the pricing models used. In addition, the Company did not apply any adjustments to prices received from the pricing services. The Company classifies the prices obtained from the pricing services within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the underlying inputs are directly observable from active markets or recent trades of similar securities in inactive markets. However, the pricing models used do entail a certain amount of subjectivity and therefore differing judgments in how the underlying inputs are modeled could result in different estimates of fair value.
The Company reaffirms its understanding of the valuation techniques used by its pricing services at least annually. In addition, the Company corroborates the prices provided by its pricing services to test their reasonableness by comparing their prices to valuations from different pricing sources as well as comparing prices to the sale prices received from sold securities. Refer to Note 6 for additional fair value information.
Retained Subordinated Securities
As of December 31, 2009, the Company determined the fair value of its retained subordinated securities using discounted cash flow models. The discount rate used was based on an interest rate curve that was observable in the marketplace plus an unobservable credit spread commensurate with the risk of these securities and similar financial instruments. The Company classified such securities in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the applicable credit spreads were not observable due to the illiquidity in the market with respect to these securities and similar financial instruments.
Interest-only Strip
As of December 31, 2009, the fair value of the interest-only strip was the present value of estimated future positive excess spread expected to be generated by the securitized loans over the estimated remaining life of those loans. Management utilized certain estimates and assumptions to determine the fair value of the interest-only strip asset, including estimates for finance charge yield, credit losses, London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (which determined future certificate interest costs), monthly payment rate and discount rate. On a quarterly basis, the Company compared the assumptions it used in calculating the fair value of its interest-only strip to observable market data when available, and to historical trends. The interest-only strip was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significance of the unobservable inputs used in valuing this asset.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments, which could be assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is estimated by using either a third-party valuation service that uses proprietary pricing models, or by using internal pricing models, neither of which contain a high level of subjectivity as the valuation techniques used do not require significant judgment and inputs to those models are readily observable from actively quoted markets. In each case, the valuation models used are consistently applied and reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period of maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity indices or prices, and volatility.
Credit valuation adjustments are necessary when the market parameters (for example, a benchmark curve) used to value derivatives are not indicative of the credit quality of the Company or its counterparties. The Company considers the counterparty credit risk by applying an observable forecasted default rate to the current exposure. Refer to Note 9 for additional fair value information.
The following table discloses the estimated fair value for the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities not carried at fair value, as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                 
    2010     2009  
    Carrying     Fair     Carrying     Fair  
(Rounded to nearest billion)   Value     Value     Value     Value  
Financial Assets:
                               
Assets for which carrying values equal or approximate fair value
  $ 60     $ 60 (a)   $ 58     $ 58 (b)
Loans, net
  $ 53     $ 53 (a)   $ 30     $ 30  
 
                               
Financial Liabilities:
                               
Liabilities for which carrying values equal or approximate fair value
  $ 37     $ 37     $ 34     $ 34  
Certificates of deposit
  $ 15     $ 16     $ 15     $ 16  
Long-term debt
  $ 69     $ 72 (a)   $ 52     $ 54 (b)
 
       
  (a)  
Includes fair values of cardmember receivables, loans and long-term debt of $7.6 billion, $31.2 billion and $24.9 billion, respectively, held by consolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2010. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the related carrying values.
 
  (b)  
Includes fair values of cardmember receivables and long-term debt of $8.3 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, held by a consolidated VIE as of December 31, 2009. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the related carrying values.
The fair values of these financial instruments are estimates based upon market conditions and perceived risks as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, and require management judgment. These figures may not be indicative of their future fair values. The fair value of the Company cannot be estimated by aggregating the amounts presented.
The following methods were used to determine estimated fair values:
Financial Assets for Which Carrying Values Equal or Approximate Fair Value
Financial assets for which carrying values equal or approximate fair value include cash and cash equivalents, cardmember receivables, accrued interest and certain other assets. For these assets, the carrying values approximate fair value because they are short-term in duration or variable rate in nature.
Financial Assets Carried at Other than Fair Value
Loans, net
Loans are recorded at historical cost, less reserves, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In estimating the fair value for the Company’s loans, the principal market is assumed to be the securitization market, and the Company uses the hypothetical securitization price to determine the fair value of the portfolio. The securitization price is estimated from the assumed proceeds of the hypothetical securitization in the current market, adjusted for securitization uncertainties such as market conditions and liquidity.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Financial Liabilities for Which Carrying Values Equal or Approximate Fair Value
Financial liabilities for which carrying values equal or approximate fair value include accrued interest, customer deposits (excluding certificates of deposit, which are described further below), Travelers Cheques outstanding, short-term borrowings and certain other liabilities for which the carrying values approximate fair value because they are short-term in duration, variable rate in nature, or have no defined maturity.
Financial Liabilities Carried at Other than Fair Value
Certificates of Deposit
Certificates of deposit (CDs) are recorded at their historical issuance cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology based on the Company’s current borrowing rates for similar types of CDs.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt is recorded at historical issuance cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value is estimated using either quoted market prices or discounted cash flows based on the Company’s current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowings.
4.  
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, consisted of:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
U.S. Card Services(a)
  $ 17,307     $ 17,750  
International Card Services
    5,596       5,944  
Global Commercial Services(b)
    11,532       9,844  
Global Network & Merchant Services(c)
    193       205  
 
           
Cardmember receivables, gross(d)
    34,628       33,743  
Less: Cardmember reserve for losses
    440       546  
 
           
Cardmember receivables, net
  $ 34,188     $ 33,197  
 
           
       
Other receivables, net(e)
  $ 2,858     $ 5,007  
 
           
 
       
  (a)  
Includes $7.0 billion and $7.8 billion of gross cardmember receivables of a consolidated VIE as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
 
  (b)  
Includes $0.6 billion and $0.5 billion of gross cardmember receivables of a consolidated VIE as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
 
  (c)  
Includes receivables primarily related to the Company’s International Currency Card portfolios.
 
  (d)  
Includes approximately $10.5 billion and $10.4 billion of cardmember receivables outside the United States as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
 
  (e)  
Other receivables primarily represent amounts due from the Company’s travel customers, third-party issuing partners, accrued interest on investments, and other receivables due to the Company in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2009, these amounts also include $1.9 billion of cash held in an unconsolidated VIE required for daily settlement requirements. Beginning January 1, 2010, this VIE is consolidated by the Company and cash held by this consolidated VIE is considered restricted cash included in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 7 for additional details.

 

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table presents changes in the cardmember receivable reserve for losses for the six months ended June 30:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
Balance, January 1
  $ 546     $ 810  
Additions:
               
Cardmember receivables provisions(a)
    239       539  
Cardmember receivables provisions — other(b)
    84       34  
 
           
Total provision
    323       573  
 
           
Deductions:
               
Cardmember receivables net write-offs(c)(d)
    (365 )     (672 )
Cardmember receivables — other(e)
    (64 )     3  
 
           
Balance, June 30
  $ 440     $ 714  
 
           
 
       
  (a)  
Represents loss provisions for cardmember receivables consisting of principal (resulting from authorized transactions) and fee reserve components.
 
  (b)  
Primarily represents loss provisions for cardmember receivables resulting from unauthorized transactions.
 
  (c)  
Represents write-offs consisting of principal (resulting from authorized transactions) and fee components, less recoveries of $189 million and $163 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, these amounts also include net write-offs for cardmember receivables resulting from unauthorized transactions.
 
  (d)  
Through December 31, 2009, cardmember receivables in the International Card Services (ICS) and Global Commercial Services (GCS) segments were written off when 360 days past billing or earlier. During the first quarter of 2010, consistent with applicable bank regulatory guidance, the Company modified its methodology to write off cardmember receivables in the ICS and GCS segments when 180 days past due or earlier. Therefore, net write-offs for cardmember receivables for the first quarter of 2010 included approximately $108 million resulting from this change in write-off methodology. The impact of this change to the provision for charge card losses was not material.
 
  (e)  
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, these amounts include net write-offs of cardmember receivables resulting from unauthorized transactions. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, net write-offs of cardmember receivables resulting from unauthorized transactions were included in cardmember receivables net write-offs. For all periods these amounts include foreign currency translation adjustments.
Refer to Note 5 for impaired cardmember receivables as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009.
5.  
Loans
Loans as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consisted of:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
U.S. Card Services(a)
  $ 48,968     $ 23,507  
International Card Services
    8,281       9,241  
Global Commercial Services
    23       24  
 
           
Cardmember loans(b)
    57,272       32,772  
Less: Cardmember loans reserve for losses
    4,866       3,268  
 
           
Cardmember loans, net
  $ 52,406     $ 29,504  
 
           
       
Other loans, net(c)
  $ 409     $ 506  
 
       
  (a)  
As of June 30, 2010, includes approximately $33.5 billion of gross cardmember loans of a consolidated VIE. As of December 31, 2009 includes approximately $8.0 billion for an undivided, pro-rata interest in an unconsolidated VIE (historically referred to as “seller’s interest”). Refer to Note 7 for additional details.
 
  (b)  
Cardmember loan balance is net of unamortized net card fees of $123 million and $114 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
 
  (c)  
Other loans primarily represent small business installment loans, a store card portfolio whose billed business is not processed on the Company’s network and small business loans associated with the acquisition of Corporate Payment Services (CPS).

 

13


Table of Contents

AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table presents changes in the cardmember loans reserve for losses for the six months ended June 30:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
Balance, January 1
  $ 3,268     $ 2,570  
Reserves established for consolidation of a variable interest entity
    2,531        
 
           
Total adjusted balance, January 1
    5,799       2,570  
 
           
Additions:
               
Cardmember loans provisions(a)
    1,190       2,692  
Cardmember loans — other(b)
    38       25  
 
           
Total provision
    1,228       2,717  
 
           
Deductions:
               
Cardmember loans net write-offs — principal(c)
    (1,902 )     (1,629 )
Cardmember loans net write-offs — interest and fees(c)
    (206 )     (286 )
Cardmember loans — other(d)
    (53 )     (153 )
 
           
Balance, June 30
  $ 4,866     $ 3,219  
 
           
 
       
  (a)  
Represents loss provisions for cardmember loans consisting of principal (resulting from authorized transactions), interest and fee reserves components.
 
  (b)  
Primarily represents loss provisions for cardmember loans resulting from unauthorized transactions.
 
  (c)  
Cardmember loans net write-offs — principal for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 include recoveries of $280 million and $174 million, respectively. Recoveries of interest and fees were de minimis.
 
  (d)  
These amounts include net write-offs related to unauthorized transactions and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Impaired Loans and Receivables
Impaired loans and receivables are defined by GAAP as individual larger balance or homogeneous pools of smaller balance restructured loans and receivables for which it is probable that the lender will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan and receivable agreement. The Company considers impaired loans and receivables to include: (i) loans over 90 days past due still accruing interest, (ii) non-accrual loans, and (iii) loans and receivables modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR).
The Company may modify cardmember loans and receivables to minimize losses to the Company while providing cardmembers with temporary or permanent financial relief. Such modifications may include reducing the interest rate or delinquency fees on the loans and receivables and/or placing the cardmember on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months. If the cardmember does not comply with the modified terms, then the loan or receivable agreement generally reverts back to its original terms. The performance of loans and receivables modified in a TDR is closely monitored to understand its impact on the Company’s reserve for losses. Though the ultimate success of these modification programs remains uncertain, the Company believes they improve the cumulative loss performance of such loans and receivables.
Modification programs can be long term (more than 12 months) or short-term (12 months or less). Loans and receivables in short-term modification programs previously were not classified as TDRs. Beginning June 30, 2010, the Company has classified such cardmember loans and receivables as TDRs and has correspondingly revised the prior period impaired loan and receivable amounts. Also, for loans in short-term modification programs where the contractual rate of interest has been temporarily modified to zero percent (generally not to exceed six months), such loans previously were not classified as non-accrual loans. Beginning June 30, 2010, the Company has classified such loans as non-accrual loans and has correspondingly revised the prior period impaired loan and receivable amounts.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Information regarding the Company’s impaired loans and receivables as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 is as follows:
Balances as of June 30, 2010:
 
                               
          Loans        
    Loans and Receivables     and         
    Modified in a TDR     Receivables         
    Short-Term     Long-Term     Not in        
    Modification     Modification     Modification        
(Millions)   Programs     Programs     Programs     Total(e)  
Loans over 90 days past due and accruing interest(a)
  $ 8     $     $ 239     $ 247  
Non-accrual loans(b)
    895             825       1,720  
Loans and receivables modified in a TDR(c)
    326       249             575  
 
                       
Total as of June 30, 2010
  $ 1,229     $ 249     $ 1,064     $ 2,542  
 
                       
Reserves for losses on impaired loans and receivables
  $ 335 (d)   $ 72 (d)   $ 749     $ 1,156  
 
                       
 
Balances as of December 31, 2009:
 
                                 
          Loans        
    Loans and Receivables     and         
    Modified in a TDR     Receivables         
    Short-Term     Long-Term     Not in        
    Modification     Modification     Modification        
(Millions)   Programs     Programs     Programs     Total(e)  
Loans over 90 days past due and accruing interest(a)
  $ 1     $     $ 253     $ 254  
Non-accrual loans(b)
    586             494       1,080  
Loans and receivables modified in a TDR(c)
    114       114             228  
 
                       
Total as of December 31, 2009
  $ 701     $ 114     $ 747     $ 1,562  
 
                       
Reserves for losses on impaired loans and receivables
  $ 211 (d)   $ 40 (d)   $ 539     $ 790  
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
The Company’s policy is generally to accrue interest through the date of charge-off (at 180 days past due). The Company establishes reserves for interest that the Company believes will not be collected.
 
(b)  
Non-accrual loans not in modification programs include certain cardmember loans placed with outside collection agencies for which the Company has ceased accruing interest.
 
(c)  
These amounts do not include cardmember loans and receivables modified in a TDR already disclosed above as (i) loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest, and (ii) non-accrual loans.
 
(d)  
Reserves for losses for loans and receivables modified in a TDR are determined by the difference between cash flows expected to be received from the cardmember discounted at the original effective interest rate and the recorded investment in the cardmember balance. These amounts include reserves for losses on loans modified in a TDR that are disclosed above as loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest and non-accrual loans.
 
(e)  
The increase in impaired loans was due to the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, which resulted in the consolidation of the Lending Trust as discussed further in Note 1. As a result of these changes, amounts as of June 30, 2010 include impaired loans and receivables for both the Charge Trust and Lending Trust; correspondingly, amounts as of December 31, 2009 only include impaired loans and receivables for the Charge Trust and the seller’s interest portion of the Lending Trust.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
6.  
Investment Securities
Investment securities include debt and equity securities and are classified as available for sale. The Company’s investment securities, principally debt securities, are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with unrealized gains (losses) recorded in AOCI, net of income tax provisions (benefits). Realized gains and losses are recognized in results of operations upon disposition of the securities using the specific identification method on a trade date basis. Refer to Note 3 for a description of the Company’s methodology for determining the fair value of its investment securities.
The following is a summary of investment securities as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                                                 
    2010     2009  
            Gross     Gross     Estimated             Gross     Gross     Estimated  
            Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair             Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair  
(Millions)   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value     Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
State and municipal obligations
  $ 6,164     $ 53     $ (186 )   $ 6,031     $ 6,457     $ 51     $ (258 )   $ 6,250  
U.S. Government agency obligations
    6,332       31             6,363       6,699       47       (1 )     6,745  
U.S. Government treasury obligations
    2,700       8             2,708       5,556       10             5,566  
Corporate debt securities(a)
    1,378       21       (1 )     1,398       1,333       14       (12 )     1,335  
Retained subordinated securities(b)
                            3,088       512       (1 )     3,599  
Mortgage-backed securities(c)
    208       7             215       179       3       (2 )     180  
Foreign government
bonds and obligations
    99       4             103       90       2             92  
Equity securities(d)
    100       369             469       100       430             530  
Other(e)
    40       1             41       40                   40  
 
                                               
Total
  $ 17,021     $ 494     $ (187 )   $ 17,328     $ 23,542     $ 1,069     $ (274 )   $ 24,337  
 
                                               
 
     
(a)  
The June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 balances include, on a cost basis, $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, of corporate debt obligations issued under the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP) that are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
 
(b)  
As a result of the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company no longer presents the retained subordinated securities within its Consolidated Financial Statements in periods subsequent to December 31, 2009. The December 31, 2009 balance consists of investments in retained subordinated securities issued by unconsolidated VIEs related to the Company’s cardmember loan securitization programs. Refer to Note 7 for further details.
 
(c)  
Represents mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.
 
(d)  
Principally represents the Company’s investment in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC).
 
(e)  
Other is comprised of investments in various mutual funds.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
Realized losses are recognized when management determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary. Such determination requires judgment regarding the amount and timing of recovery. The Company reviews and evaluates its investments at least quarterly and more often, as market conditions may require, to identify investments that have indications of other-than-temporary impairments. The determination of other-than-temporary impairment is a subjective process, requiring the use of judgments and assumptions. It is reasonably possible that a change in estimate will occur in the near term relating to other-than-temporary impairment. Accordingly, the Company considers several factors when evaluating debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment including the determination of the extent to which the decline in fair value of the security is due to increased default risk for the specific issuer or market interest rate risk. With respect to increased default risk, the Company assesses the collectibility of principal and interest payments by monitoring issuers’ credit ratings, related changes to those ratings, specific credit events associated with the individual issuers as well as the credit ratings of a financial guarantor, where applicable, and the extent to which amortized cost exceeds fair value and the duration and size of that difference. With respect to market interest rate risk, including benchmark interest rates and credit spreads, the Company assesses whether it has the intent to sell the securities, and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of any unrealized losses.
The following table provides information about the Company’s investment securities with gross unrealized losses and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                                                 
    2010     2009  
    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Less than 12 months     12 months or more  
            Gross             Gross             Gross             Gross  
(Millions)   Estimated     Unrealized     Estimated     Unrealized     Estimated     Unrealized     Estimated     Unrealized  
Description of Securities   Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses  
State and municipal obligations
  $ 622     $ (14 )   $ 1,923     $ (172 )   $ 837     $ (25 )   $ 2,074     $ (233 )
U.S. Government agency obligations
                            249       (1 )            
Corporate debt securities
                2       (1 )     102       (1 )     38       (11 )
Retained subordinated securities
                                        75       (1 )
Mortgage-backed securities
                            120       (2 )            
 
                                               
Total
  $ 622     $ (14 )   $ 1,925     $ (173 )   $ 1,308     $ (29 )   $ 2,187     $ (245 )
 
                                               
 

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses due to temporary impairments by ratio of fair value to amortized cost as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                                                         
(Millions)   Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
                    Gross                     Gross                     Gross  
Ratio of Fair Value to   Number of     Estimated     Unrealized     Number of     Estimated     Unrealized     Number of     Estimated     Unrealized  
Amortized Cost   Securities     Fair Value     Losses     Securities     Fair Value     Losses     Securities     Fair Value     Losses  
2010:
                                                                       
90%–100%
    85     $ 607     $ (12 )     227     $ 1,290     $ (63 )     312     $ 1,897     $ (75 )
Less than 90%
    1       15       (2 )     63       635       (110 )     64       650       (112 )
 
                                                     
Total as of June 30, 2010
    86     $ 622     $ (14 )     290     $ 1,925     $ (173 )     376     $ 2,547     $ (187 )
 
                                                     
2009:
                                                                       
90%–100%
    155     $ 1,289     $ (25 )     225     $ 1,411     $ (87 )     380     $ 2,700     $ (112 )
Less than 90%
    2       19       (4 )     78       776       (158 )     80       795       (162 )
 
                                                     
Total as of December 31, 2009
    157     $ 1,308     $ (29 )     303     $ 2,187     $ (245 )     460     $ 3,495     $ (274 )
 
                                                     
 
The gross unrealized losses on state and municipal securities and all other debt securities can be attributed to a number of reasons such as higher credit spreads generally for state and municipal securities, higher credit spreads for specific issuers, changes in market benchmark interest rates or a combination thereof, all as compared to those prevailing when the securities were acquired.
In assessing default risk on these securities, excluding the Company’s retained subordinated securities, the Company has qualitatively considered the key factors identified above and determined that it expects to collect all of the contractual cash flows due on the securities. In assessing default risk on the retained subordinated securities in 2009, the Company analyzed the projected cash flows of the Lending Trust and determined that it expected to collect all of the contractual cash flows due on the securities.
Overall, for the investment securities in gross unrealized loss positions identified above (a) the Company does not intend to sell the securities, (b) it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of the unrealized losses and (c) the Company expects that the contractual principal and interest will be received on the securities. As a result, the Company recognized no other-than-temporary impairments during the periods presented.
Supplemental Information
Gross realized gains and losses on the sales of investment securities, included in other non-interest revenues, were as follows:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Gains(a)
  $ 1     $ 222     $ 2     $ 223  
Losses
    (6 )           (6 )      
 
                       
Total
  $ (5 )   $ 222     $ (4 )   $ 223  
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
2009 gains primarily represent the gain from the sale of 50 percent of the Company’s investment in ICBC.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Contractual maturities of investment securities, excluding equity securities and other securities, as of June 30, 2010, were as follows:
 
                 
            Estimated  
(Millions)   Cost     Fair Value  
Due within 1 year:
  $ 8,182     $ 8,208  
Due after 1 year but within 5 years
    2,436       2,467  
Due after 5 years but within 10 years
    337       349  
Due after 10 years
    5,926       5,794  
 
           
Total
  $ 16,881     $ 16,818  
 
           
 
The expected payments on state and municipal obligations and mortgage-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual maturities because the issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
7.  
Asset Securitizations
Charge Trust and Lending Trust
The Company periodically securitizes cardmember receivables and loans arising from its card business through the transfer of those assets to securitization trusts. The trusts then issue securities to third-party investors, collateralized by the transferred assets.
Cardmember receivables are transferred to the American Express Issuance Trust (the Charge Trust), and cardmember loans are transferred to the American Express Credit Account Master Trust (the Lending Trust). As of December 31, 2009 and for all prior periods, cardmember receivables transferred to the Charge Trust did not qualify as accounting sales and, accordingly, the Charge Trust was consolidated by the Company. As a result, securitized cardmember receivables and the related debt securities issued to third parties by the Charge Trust were included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Lending Trust met the criteria of a QSPE for GAAP in effect through December 31, 2009 and, accordingly, cardmember loans transferred to the Lending Trust qualified as accounting sales. As a result, when cardmember loans were sold through securitizations, the Company removed the loans from its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognized a gain or loss on sale, recorded certain retained interests in the securitization (i.e., retained subordinated securities and an interest-only strip asset) and received an undivided pro-rata interest in the excess loans held in the Lending Trust (historically referred to as “seller’s interest”).
Upon adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company continues to consolidate the Charge Trust. In addition, the Company was required to change its accounting for the Lending Trust, which is now consolidated. As a result, beginning January 1, 2010, the securitized cardmember loans and the related debt securities issued to third parties by the Lending Trust are included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Prior period Consolidated Financial Statements have not been revised for this accounting change.
The Charge Trust and the Lending Trust are consolidated by American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. (TRS), which is a consolidated subsidiary of the Company. The trusts are considered VIEs as they have insufficient equity at risk to finance their activities, which are to issue securities that are collateralized by the underlying cardmember receivables and loans.
TRS, in its role as servicer of the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust, has the power to direct the most significant activity of the trusts, which is the collection of the underlying cardmember receivables and loans in the trusts. In addition, TRS owns approximately $1.5 billion of subordinated securities issued by the Lending Trust as of June 30, 2010. These subordinated securities have the obligation to absorb losses of the Lending Trust and provide the right to receive benefits from the Lending Trust, both of which are significant. TRS’ role as servicer for the Charge Trust does not provide it with a significant obligation to absorb losses or a significant right to receive benefits. However, TRS’ position as the parent company of the entities that transferred the receivables to the Charge Trust makes it the party most closely related to the Charge Trust. Based on these considerations, TRS was determined to be the primary beneficiary of both the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The debt securities issued by the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust are non-recourse to the Company. Securitized cardmember receivables and loans held by the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust are available only for payment of the debt securities or other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions. The long-term debt of each trust is payable only out of collections on their respective underlying securitized assets.
There was approximately $10 million and $1.8 billion of restricted cash held by the Charge Trust as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and approximately $1.4 billion of restricted cash held by the Lending Trust as of June 30, 2010, included in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also, as of December 31, 2009, other receivables on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet included $1.9 billion of cash held in the Lending Trust. These amounts relate to collections of cardmember receivables and loans to be used by the trusts to fund future expenses, and obligations, including interest paid on investor certificates, credit losses and upcoming debt maturities.
Lending Trust — Impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
The following table summarizes the major balance sheet impacts, including adjustments associated with the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, for the consolidation of the Lending Trust:
 
                         
    Balance             Adjusted Balance  
(Billions)   December 31, 2009     Adjustments     January 1, 2010  
Cardmember loans
  $ 32.8     $ 29.0     $ 61.8  
Loss reserves (cardmember loans)
    (3.3 )     (2.5 )     (5.8 )
Investment securities
    24.3       (3.6 )     20.7  
Other receivables
    5.1       (1.9 )     3.2  
Other assets
    13.2       2.2       15.4  
Long-term debt
    52.3       25.0       77.3  
Shareholders’ equity
    14.4       (1.8 )     12.6  
 
The primary changes to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were:
   
An increase to cardmember loans and long-term debt for the (i) cardmember loans held by the Lending Trust and (ii) debt securities issued by the Lending Trust;
   
Establishment of a cardmember reserve for losses for the additional cardmember loans;
   
The elimination in consolidation of the Company’s retained subordinated securities against the debt securities issued by the Lending Trust;
   
A reduction to shareholders’ equity, primarily for the after-tax effect of establishing the additional reserve for losses on cardmember loans.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Lending Trust Long-term Debt
As previously discussed, consolidation of the Lending Trust on January 1, 2010 resulted in an increase to long-term debt on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Lending Trust’s long-term debt outstanding, defined as debt with original maturities of one year or greater, as of June 30, 2010 was as follows:
 
                         
                    Quarter-End  
    Maturity     Outstanding     Stated Rate  
(Millions, except percentages)   Dates     Balance     on Debt(a)  
Fixed Rate Senior Notes
    2011     $ 438       5.35 %
Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes
    2011       62       5.61 %
Floating Rate Senior Notes
    2010-2018       19,502       0.95 %
Floating Rate Subordinated Notes
    2010-2018       1,539       0.73 %
 
                 
Total
          $ 21,541       1.04 %
 
                 
 
       
  (a)  
For floating rate debt issuances, the stated interest rates are based on the floating rates in effect as of June 30, 2010. These rates may not be indicative of future interest rates.
Aggregate annual maturities on long-term debt obligations for the Lending Trust (based on final maturity dates) as of June 30, 2010 were as follows:
 
         
(Millions)   Amount  
2010
  $ 2,250  
2011
    5,330  
2012
    5,222  
2013
    2,904  
2014
    2,685  
Thereafter
    3,150  
 
     
Total
  $ 21,541  
 
     
 
Charge Trust and Lending Trust Triggering Events
Under the respective terms of the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust agreements, the occurrence of certain events could result in establishment of reserve funds, or in a worst-case scenario, early amortization of investor certificates. As of June 30, 2010, no triggering events have occurred resulting in funding of reserve accounts or early amortization.
Securitization Income
As a result of the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company no longer recognizes securitization income, net. The components of securitization income, net for the cardmember loans and long-term debt are now recorded in other commissions and fees, interest income and interest expense.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the activity related to securitized loans reported in securitization income, net, prior to adoption of the new accounting standards:
 
                 
    Three Months     Six Months  
    Ended     Ended  
    June 30, 2009     June 30, 2009  
Excess spread, net(a)
  $ (139 )   $ (137 )
Servicing fees
    140       279  
Losses on securitizations(b)
    (3 )     (3 )
 
           
Securitization income, net
  $ (2 )   $ 139  
 
           
 
     
(a)  
Excess spread, net was the net cash flow from interest and fee collections allocated to the investors’ interests after deducting the interest paid on investor certificates, credit losses, contractual servicing fees, other expenses, and the changes in the fair value of the interest-only strip. This amount excludes issuer rate fees on the securitized accounts, which were recorded in discount revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
(b)  
Excludes $82 million and $(48) million of impact from cardmember loan sales and maturities for the three months ended June 30, 2009, reflected in the provisions for losses for the period. Excludes $82 million and $(141) million of impact from cardmember loan sales and maturities for the six months ended June 30, 2009, reflected in the provisions for losses for the period.
Retained Interests in Securitized Assets
As of December 31, 2009, the Company retained subordinated interests in the securitized cardmember loans. These interests included one or more A-rated, BBB-rated and unrated investments in tranches of the securitization (subordinated securities) of $3.6 billion and an interest-only strip of $20 million. The subordinated securities were accounted for at fair value as available-for-sale investment securities and were reported in investments on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets with unrealized gains (losses) recorded in AOCI. The interest-only strip was accounted for at fair value and was reported in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value recorded in securitization income, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
8.  
Customer Deposits
As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, customer deposits were categorized as interest-bearing or non-interest-bearing deposits as follows:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
U.S.:
               
Interest-bearing
  $ 27,634     $ 25,579  
Non-interest-bearing
    13       13  
Non-U.S.:
               
Interest-bearing
    690       680  
Non-interest-bearing
    15       17  
 
           
Total customer deposits
  $ 28,352     $ 26,289  
 
           
 

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The customer deposits were aggregated by deposit type offered by the Company as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 as follows:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
U.S. retail deposits:
               
Cash sweep and savings accounts
  $ 12,753     $ 10,498  
Certificates of deposit
    14,881       15,081  
Other deposits
    718       710  
 
           
Total customer deposits
  $ 28,352     $ 26,289  
 
           
 
The scheduled maturities of all certificates of deposit as of June 30, 2010 were as follows:
 
                         
(Millions)   U.S.     Non-U.S.     Total  
2010
  $ 2,868     $ 402     $ 3,270  
2011
    5,458       7       5,465  
2012
    2,793             2,793  
2013
    2,234             2,234  
2014
    1,016             1,016  
After 5 years
    512             512  
 
                 
Total
  $ 14,881     $ 409     $ 15,290  
 
                 
 
As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the outstanding amounts of certificates of deposit in denominations of $100,000 or more were as follows:
 
                 
(Millions)   2010     2009  
U.S.
  $ 481     $ 196  
Non-U.S.
    313       293  
 
           
Total
  $ 794     $ 489  
 
           
 
9.  
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative financial instruments (derivatives) to manage exposure to various market risks. Market risk is the risk to earnings or value resulting from movements in market prices. The Company’s market risk exposure is primarily generated by:
   
Interest rate risk in its card and insurance and travelers cheque businesses, and its investment portfolios; and
   
Foreign exchange risk in its international operations.
General principles and the overall framework for managing market risk across the Company are defined in the Market Risk Policy, which is the responsibility of the Asset-Liability Committee (ALCO). Market risk limits and escalation triggers in that policy are approved by the ALCO and by the Enterprise-wide Risk Management Committee (ERMC). Market risk is centrally managed by the Market Risk Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Market Risk Officer of the Company and reports into the ALCO. Market risk management is also guided by policies covering the use of derivatives, funding and liquidity and investments. Derivatives derive their value from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including interest rate, foreign exchange, and equity indices or prices. These instruments enable end users to increase, reduce or alter exposure to various market risks and, for that reason, are an integral component of the Company’s market risk management. The Company does not engage in derivatives for trading purposes.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The Company’s market exposures are in large part by-products of the delivery of its products and services. Interest rate risk arises through the funding of cardmember receivables and fixed-rate loans with variable-rate borrowings as well as through the risk to net interest margin from changes in the relationship between benchmark rates such as Prime and LIBOR.
Interest rate exposure within the Company’s charge card and fixed-rate lending products is managed by varying the proportion of total funding provided by short-term and variable-rate debt and deposits compared to fixed-rate debt and deposits. In addition, interest rate swaps are used from time to time to effectively convert fixed-rate debt to variable-rate or to convert variable-rate debt to fixed rate. The Company may change the mix between variable-rate and fixed-rate funding based on changes in business volumes and mix, among other factors. The majority of its cardmember loans, which are linked to a benchmark rate such as Prime that can reprice monthly, are funded with variable-rate funding, the majority of which is linked to LIBOR.
Foreign exchange risk is generated by cardmember cross-currency charges, foreign currency balance sheet exposures, translation of foreign subsidiary equity, and foreign currency earnings in international units. The Company’s foreign exchange risk is managed primarily by entering into agreements to buy and sell currencies on a spot basis or by hedging this market exposure to the extent it is economically justified through various means, including the use of derivatives such as foreign exchange forward, and cross-currency swap contracts, which can help “lock in” the value of the Company’s exposure to specific currencies.
Derivatives may give rise to counterparty credit risk. The Company manages this risk by considering the current exposure, which is the replacement cost of contracts on the measurement date, as well as estimating the maximum potential value of the contracts over the next 12 months, considering such factors as the volatility of the underlying or reference index. To mitigate derivative credit risk, counterparties are required to be pre-approved and rated as investment grade. Counterparty risk exposures are monitored by the Company’s Institutional Risk Management Committee (IRMC). The IRMC formally reviews large institutional exposures to ensure compliance with the Company’s ERMC guidelines and procedures and determines the risk mitigation actions, when necessary. Additionally, to mitigate counterparty credit risk the Company has, in certain limited instances, entered into master netting agreements and credit support agreements (CSA). As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, no collateral had been received or posted under the CSAs.
As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the counterparty credit risk associated with the Company’s derivatives was not significant. In relation to the Company’s credit risk, under the terms of its derivatives, the Company is not required to either immediately settle any outstanding liability balances or post collateral upon the occurrence of a specified credit risk-related event.
The Company’s derivatives are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The accounting for changes in fair value depends on the instruments’ intended use and the resulting hedge designation, if any, as discussed below. Refer to Note 3 for a description of the Company’s methodology for determining the fair value of its derivatives.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the total gross fair value, excluding interest accruals, of derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                 
    Other assets     Other liabilities  
    Fair Value     Fair Value  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
                               
Interest rate contracts
                               
Fair value hedges
  $ 1,039     $ 632     $     $ 6  
Cash flow hedges
          1       25       44  
Foreign exchange contracts
                               
Net investment hedges
    114       132       98       130  
 
                       
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
  $ 1,153     $ 765     $ 123     $ 180  
 
                       
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                               
Interest rate contracts
  $     $ 11     $ 8     $ 5  
Foreign exchange contracts(a)
    65       57       105       95  
Equity-linked contract(b)
                4       3  
 
                       
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
    65       68       117       103  
 
                       
Total derivatives(c)
  $ 1,218     $ 833     $ 240     $ 283  
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
Includes foreign currency derivatives embedded in certain operating agreements.
 
(b)  
Represents an equity-linked derivative embedded in one of the Company’s investment securities.
 
(c)  
GAAP permits the netting of derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Company and its derivative counterparty. As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, $21 million and $33 million, respectively, of derivative assets and liabilities have been offset and presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
   
Derivatives that Qualify for Hedge Accounting
Derivatives executed for hedge accounting purposes are documented and designated as such when the Company enters into the contracts. In accordance with its risk management policies, the Company structures its hedges with very similar terms to the hedged items. The Company formally assesses, at inception of the hedge accounting relationship and on a quarterly basis, whether derivatives designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting the fair value or cash flows of the hedged items. These assessments usually are made through the application of the regression analysis method. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, the Company will discontinue the application of hedge accounting.
Fair Value Hedges
A fair value hedge involves a derivative designated to hedge the Company’s exposure to future changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability, or an identified portion thereof that is attributable to a particular risk. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk associated with its fixed-rate long-term debt. The Company uses interest rate swaps to convert certain fixed-rate long-term debt to floating-rate at the time of issuance. As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the Company hedged $15.1 billion of its fixed-rate debt to floating-rate debt using interest rate swaps.
To the extent the fair value hedge is effective, the gain or loss on the hedging instrument offsets the loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. Any difference between the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item is referred to as hedge ineffectiveness and is recorded in earnings as a component of other, net expenses. Hedge ineffectiveness may be caused by differences between the debt’s interest coupon and the benchmark rate, which is in turn primarily due to credit spreads at inception of the hedging relationship that are not reflected in the valuation of the interest rate swap. Furthermore, hedge ineffectiveness may be caused by changes in the relationship between 3-month LIBOR and 1-month LIBOR rates, as these so-called basis spreads may impact the valuation of the interest rate swap without causing an offsetting impact in the value of the hedged debt. If a fair value hedge is de-designated or no longer considered to be effective, changes in fair value of the derivative continue to be recorded through earnings but the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value. The existing basis adjustment of the hedged asset or liability is then amortized or accreted as an adjustment to yield over the remaining life of that asset or liability.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income associated with the Company’s fixed-rate long-term debt described above for the three and six months ended June 30:
For the three months ended June 30:
 
                                                                 
    Gains (losses) recognized in income  
    Derivative contract     Hedged item     Net hedge  
            Amount             Amount     ineffectiveness  
(Millions)   Location   2010     2009     Location   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Interest rate contracts
  Other, net expenses   $ 289     $ (408 )   Other, net expenses   $ (252 )   $ 347     $ 37     $ (61 )
 
For the six months ended June 30:
 
                                                                 
    Gains (losses) recognized in income  
    Derivative contract     Hedged item     Net hedge  
            Amount             Amount     ineffectiveness  
(Millions)   Location   2010     2009     Location   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Interest rate contracts
  Other, net expenses   $ 413     $ (425 )   Other, net expenses   $ (367 )   $ 430     $ 46     $ 5  
 
Cash Flow Hedges
A cash flow hedge involves a derivative designated to hedge the Company’s exposure to variable future cash flows attributable to a particular risk of an existing recognized asset or liability, or a forecasted transaction. The Company hedges existing long-term variable-rate debt, the rollover of short-term borrowings and the anticipated forecasted issuance of additional funding through the use of derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps. These instruments effectively convert floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt for the duration of the swap. As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the Company hedged $0.9 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of its floating debt using interest rate swaps.
For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives is recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged cash flows are recognized in earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income with the hedged instrument or transaction impact, primarily in interest expense. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives is reported as a component of other, net expenses. If a cash flow hedge is de-designated or terminated prior to maturity, the amount previously recorded in AOCI is recognized into earnings over the period that the hedged item impacts earnings. If a hedge relationship is discontinued because it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur according to the original strategy, any related amounts previously recorded in AOCI are recognized into earnings immediately.
In the normal course of business, as the hedged cash flows are recognized into earnings, the Company expects to reclassify $25 million of net pretax losses on derivatives from AOCI into earnings during the next 12 months.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Net Investment Hedges
A net investment hedge is used to hedge future changes in currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. The Company primarily designates foreign currency derivatives, typically foreign exchange forwards, and on occasion foreign currency denominated debt, as hedges of net investments in certain foreign operations. These instruments reduce exposure to changes in currency exchange rates on the Company’s investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The effective portion of the gain or loss on net investment hedges are recorded in AOCI as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on net investment hedges is recognized in other, net expenses during the period of change.
The following table summarizes the impact of cash flow hedges and net investment hedges on the Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and six months ended June 30:
For the three months ended June 30:
 
                                                                 
                    Gains (losses) recognized in income  
    Gains (losses)             Amount reclassified                
    recognized in             from AOCI into             Net hedge  
    AOCI, net of tax             income             ineffectiveness  
(Millions)   2010     2009     Location     2010     2009     Location     2010     2009  
 
Cash flow hedges:(a)
                                                               
Interest rate contracts
  $     $ (5 )   Interest expense     $ (8 )   $ (31 )   Other, net expenses     $     $ 3  
Net investment hedges:
                                                               
Foreign exchange contracts
  $ 199     $ (459 )   Other, net expenses     $     $     Other, net expenses     $     $  
 
For the six months ended June 30:
 
                                                                 
                    Losses recognized in income  
    Gains (losses)             Amount reclassified                
    recognized in             from AOCI into             Net hedge  
    AOCI, net of tax             income             ineffectiveness  
(Millions)   2010     2009     Location     2010     2009     Location     2010     2009  
Cash flow hedges:(a)
                                                               
Interest rate contracts
  $ (2 )   $ (17 )   Interest expense     $ (21 )   $ (75 )   Other, net expenses     $     $  
Net investment hedges:
                                                               
Foreign exchange contracts
  $ 335     $ (371 )   Other, net expenses     $     $     Other, net expenses     $     $  
 
     
(a)  
During the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, there were no forecasted transactions that were considered no longer probable to occur.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
The Company has derivatives that act as economic hedges and are not designated for hedge accounting purposes. Foreign currency transactions and non-U.S. dollar cash flow exposures from time to time may be partially or fully economically hedged through foreign currency contracts, primarily foreign exchange forwards, options and cross-currency swaps. These hedges generally mature within one year. Foreign currency contracts involve the purchase and sale of a designated currency at an agreed upon rate for settlement on a specified date. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives effectively offset the related foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying balance sheet exposures. From time to time, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps to specifically manage funding costs related to its proprietary card business.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The Company has certain operating agreements whose payments may be linked to a market rate or price, primarily foreign currency rates. The payment components of these agreements may meet the definition of an embedded derivative, which is assessed to determine if it requires separate accounting and reporting. If so, the embedded derivative is accounted for separately and is classified as a foreign exchange contract based on its primary risk exposure. In addition, the Company also holds an investment security containing an embedded equity-linked derivative.
For derivatives that are not designated as hedges, changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings.
The following table summarizes the impact of derivatives not designated as hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30:
For the three months ended June 30:
 
                     
    Gains (losses) recognized in income  
        Amount  
(Millions)   Location   2010     2009  
Interest rate contracts
  Other, net expenses   $ (13 )   $ 18  
Foreign exchange contracts(a)
  Other non-interest revenues            
 
  Interest and dividends on investment securities           1  
 
  Interest expense on short-term borrowings     2       1  
 
  Interest expense on long-term debt and other     23       7  
 
  Other, net expenses     (22 )     54  
Equity-linked contract
  Other non-interest revenues     (1 )      
 
               
Total
      $ (11 )   $ 81  
 
               
 
For the six months ended June 30:
 
                     
    Gains (losses) recognized in income  
        Amount  
(Millions)   Location   2010     2009  
Interest rate contracts
  Other, net expenses   $ (14 )   $ 17  
Foreign exchange contracts(a)
  Other non-interest revenues           (1 )
 
  Interest and dividends on investment securities     1       3  
 
  Interest expense on short-term borrowings     4       1  
 
  Interest expense on long-term debt and other     42       11  
 
  Other, net expenses     (54 )     53  
Equity-linked contracts
  Other non-interest revenues     (1 )      
 
               
Total
      $ (22 )   $ 84  
 
               
 
     
(a)  
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, foreign exchange contracts include embedded foreign currency derivatives. Gains (losses) on these embedded derivatives are included in other, net expenses.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
10.  
Guarantees
The Company provides cardmember protection plans that cover losses associated with purchased products, as well as certain other guarantees in the ordinary course of business which are within the scope of GAAP governing the accounting for guarantees.
In relation to its maximum amount of undiscounted future payments as seen in the table that follows, to date the Company has not experienced any significant losses related to guarantees. The Company’s initial recognition of guarantees is at fair value, which has been determined in accordance with GAAP governing fair value measurement. In addition, the Company recognizes a liability when a loss from an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
The following table provides information related to such guarantees as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                                 
    Maximum amount of     Amount of related  
    undiscounted future payments(a)     liability(b)  
    (Billions)     (Millions)  
Type of Guarantee   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Card and travel operations(c)
  $ 68     $ 66     $ 113     $ 112  
Other(d)
    1       1       100       74  
 
                       
Total
  $ 69     $ 67     $ 213     $ 186  
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
Represents the notional amounts that could be lost under the guarantees and indemnifications if there were a total default by the guaranteed parties. The Merchant Protection guarantee is calculated using management’s best estimate of maximum exposure based on all eligible claims as measured against annual billed business volumes. The Company mitigates this risk by withholding settlement from the merchant or obtaining deposits and other collateral from merchants considered higher risk due to various factors. The amounts being held by the Company are not significant when compared to the maximum potential amount of future payments under this guarantee.
 
(b)  
Included as part of other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
(c)  
Includes Credit Card Registry, Return Protection, Account Protection and Merchant Protection, which the Company offers directly to cardmembers.
 
(d)  
Other primarily includes guarantees related to the Company’s business dispositions and real estate, each of which are individually smaller indemnifications.
11.  
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes net income and changes in AOCI, which is a balance sheet item in the Shareholders’ Equity section of the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. AOCI is comprised of items that have not been recognized in earnings but may be recognized in earnings in the future when certain events occur. The components of comprehensive income, net of tax, were as follows:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Net income
  $ 1,017     $ 337     $ 1,902     $ 774  
Other comprehensive income gains (losses):
                               
Net unrealized securities gains
    25       400       9       732  
Net unrealized derivative gains
    5       12       12       31  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    (34 )     (72 )     (65 )     (91 )
Net unrealized pension and other postretirement benefit costs
    8       8       35       29  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,021     $ 685     $ 1,893     $ 1,475  
 
                       
 

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
12.  
Income Taxes
The Company is under continuous examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and tax authorities in other countries and states in which the Company has significant business operations. The tax years under examination and open for examination vary by jurisdiction. In June 2008, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company’s federal tax returns for the years 1997 through 2002. In July 2009, the IRS completed its field examination of the Company’s federal tax returns for the years 2003 and 2004. However, all of these years continue to remain open as a consequence of certain issues under appeal. The Company is currently under examination by the IRS for the years 2005 through 2007.
The Company believes it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease within the next 12 months by as much as $681 million principally as a result of potential resolutions of prior years’ tax items with various taxing authorities. The prior years’ tax items include unrecognized tax benefits relating to the timing of recognition of certain gross income, the deductibility of certain expenses or losses, and the attribution of taxable income to a particular jurisdiction or jurisdictions. Of the $681 million of unrecognized tax benefits, approximately $304 million are temporary differences that, if recognized, would only impact the effective rate due to net interest assessments and state tax rate differentials. With respect to the remaining $377 million, it is not possible to quantify the impact that the decrease could have on the effective tax rate and net income due to the inherent complexities and the number of tax years open for examination in multiple jurisdictions. Resolution of the prior years’ items that comprise this remaining amount could have an impact on the effective tax rate and on net income over the next 12 months, either favorably (principally as a result of settlements that are less than the liability for unrecognized tax benefits) or unfavorably (if such settlements exceed the liability for unrecognized tax benefits).
The following table summarizes the Company’s effective tax rate:
 
                         
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended     Full Year  
    June 30, 2010     June 30, 2010     2009  
Effective tax rate(a)
    36%(b) (c)       33%(b)       25%  
 
     
(a)  
Each of the periods reflects recurring, permanent tax benefits in relation to the level of pretax income.
 
(b)  
For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2010, the effective tax rate includes the impact of a $44 million valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets associated with certain of the Company’s non-U.S. travel operations.
 
(c)  
For the three months ended June 30, 2010, the effective tax rate includes the impact of an increase of 2010’s estimated annual effective rate during the quarter.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
13.  
Earnings Per Common Share (EPS)
The following table presents computations of basic and diluted EPS:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions, except per share amounts)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Numerator:
                               
Basic and diluted:
                               
Income from continuing operations
  $ 1,017     $ 342     $ 1,902     $ 785  
Preferred shares dividends, accretion, and recognition of remaining unaccreted dividends(a)
          (234 )           (306 )
Earnings allocated to participating share awards and other items
    (13 )     (1 )     (25 )     (5 )
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
          (5 )           (11 )
 
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 1,004     $ 102     $ 1,877     $ 463  
 
                       
 
                               
Denominator:
                               
Basic: weighted-average common stock
    1,190       1,162       1,188       1,159  
Add: weighted-average stock options and warrants(b)
    7       3       6       2  
 
                       
Diluted
    1,197       1,165       1,194       1,161  
 
                       
 
                               
Basic EPS:
                               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09     $ 1.58     $ 0.41  
Loss from discontinued operations
                      (0.01 )
 
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09     $ 1.58     $ 0.40  
 
                       
 
                               
Diluted EPS:
                               
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09     $ 1.57     $ 0.41  
Loss from discontinued operations
                      (0.01 )
 
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 0.84     $ 0.09     $ 1.57     $ 0.40  
 
                       
 
       
  (a)  
Includes the accelerated preferred dividend accretion of $212 millions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, due to the repurchase of $3.39 billion of preferred shares issued as part of the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) on June 17, 2009.
 
  (b)  
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the dilutive effect of unexercised stock options excluded 35 million and 38 million options, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the dilutive effect of unexercised stock options excluded 79 million and 83 million options, respectively, and 24 million warrants for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2009. Such amounts for all periods were excluded from the computation of EPS because inclusion of the options and warrants would have been anti-dilutive.
Subordinated debentures of $750 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 issued by the Company would affect the EPS computation only in the unlikely event the Company fails to achieve specified performance measures related to the Company’s tangible common equity and consolidated net income. In that circumstance the Company would reflect the additional common shares in the EPS computation.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
14.  
Details of Certain Consolidated Statements of Income Lines
The following is a detail of other commissions and fees for the three and six months ended June 30:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Foreign currency conversion revenue
  $ 205     $ 165     $ 393     $ 308  
Delinquency fees
    153       131       312       302  
Service fees
    80       82       162       161  
Other
    59       61       130       121  
 
                       
Total other commissions and fees
  $ 497     $ 439     $ 997     $ 892  
 
                       
 
The following is a detail of other revenues for the three and six months ended June 30:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Insurance premium revenue
  $ 63     $ 75     $ 136     $ 151  
(Loss) Gain on investment securities
    (5 )     222       (4 )     223  
Other
    427       373       779       746  
 
                       
Total other revenues
  $ 485     $ 670     $ 911     $ 1,120  
 
                       
 
The following is a detail of marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services for the three and six months ended June 30:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Marketing and promotion
  $ 802     $ 352     $ 1,397     $ 697  
Cardmember rewards
    1,198       1,029       2,416       1,875  
Cardmember services
    122       131       271       242  
 
                       
Total marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
  $ 2,122     $ 1,512     $ 4,084     $ 2,814  
 
                       
 
The following is a detail of other, net expense for the three and six months ended June 30:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Occupancy and equipment
  $ 379     $ 392     $ 763     $ 750  
Communications
    97       106       192       210  
MasterCard and Visa settlements
    (213 )     (213 )     (426 )     (426 )
Other
    275       324       570       580  
 
                       
Total other, net expense
  $ 538     $ 609     $ 1,099     $ 1,114  
 
                       
 

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
15.  
Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in a number of legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of their respective business activities, and are periodically subject to governmental examinations (including by regulatory and tax authorities), information gathering requests, subpoenas, inquiries and investigations (collectively “governmental examinations”). As of June 30, 2010, the Company and various of its subsidiaries were named as a defendant or were otherwise involved in numerous legal proceedings and governmental examinations in various jurisdictions, both in the United States and internationally. The Company describes certain of its more significant legal proceedings and governmental examinations under “Part II. Other Information — Item 1. Legal Proceedings” on pages 81 — 84 of this Form 10-Q.
The Company has recorded liabilities for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings and governmental examinations. A liability is established when it is both (a) probable that a loss with respect to the legal proceeding has occurred and (b) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated (although there may be an exposure to loss in excess of the liability recorded). The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings and governmental examinations that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of the liability that has been previously established.
The Company’s legal proceedings range from cases brought by a single plaintiff to class actions with hundreds of thousands of putative class members. These legal proceedings, as well as governmental examinations, involve various lines of business of the Company and a variety of claims (including, but not limited to, common law tort, contract, antitrust and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel factual allegations and/or unique legal theories. While some matters pending against the Company specify the damages claimed by the plaintiff, many seek a not-yet-quantified amount of damages or are at very early stages of the legal process. Even when the amount of damages claimed against the Company are stated, the claimed amount may be exaggerated and/or unsupported. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings and governmental examinations, for the reasons described above, the Company at this time cannot reasonably estimate a loss or a range of possible losses in excess of accrued liabilities, if any, with respect to such matters that would be meaningful to investors or predict with reasonable accuracy the timing of the ultimate resolution of such matters.
Based on its current knowledge, after taking into consideration its current litigation-related liabilities, the Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding or governmental examination that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or liquidity. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could be material to the Company’s operating results for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Company’s income for that period.
16.  
Reportable Operating Segments
The Company is a leading global payments, network and travel company that is principally engaged in businesses comprising four reportable operating segments: U.S. Card Services (USCS), International Card Services (ICS), Global Commercial Services (GCS) and the Global Network & Merchant Services (GNMS). Corporate functions and auxiliary businesses, including the Company’s publishing business, the Global Prepaid business, as well as other company operations are included in Corporate & Other.

 

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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, the Company made changes to the manner in which it allocates equity capital as well as funding and the related interest expense charged to its reportable operating segments. The changes reflect the inclusion of additional factors in its allocation methodologies that the Company believes more accurately reflect the capital characteristics and funding requirements of its segments. The segment results for quarters prior to the first quarter of 2010 have been revised for this change. Debt, cash and investment balances associated with the Company’s excess liquidity funding and the related net negative interest spread continues to be reported in the Corporate & Other segment.
The following table presents certain operating segment information for the three and six months ended June 30:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Non-interest revenues:
                               
USCS
  $ 2,534     $ 2,269     $ 4,851     $ 4,605  
ICS
    865       838       1,747       1,625  
GCS
    1,138       1,039       2,207       2,021  
GNMS
    1,021       872       1,970       1,679  
Corporate & Other, including adjustments and eliminations(a)
    112       333       194       428  
 
                       
Total
  $ 5,670     $ 5,351     $ 10,969     $ 10,358  
 
                       
 
                               
Interest income:
                               
USCS
  $ 1,315     $ 758     $ 2,726     $ 1,686  
ICS
    342       376       705       741  
GCS
    2       2       3       3  
GNMS
    1             2        
Corporate & Other, including adjustments and eliminations(a)
    138       152       267       332  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,798     $ 1,288     $ 3,703     $ 2,762  
 
                       
 
                               
Interest expense:
                               
USCS
  $ 204     $ 146     $ 394     $ 308  
ICS
    99       101       205       209  
GCS
    56       43       104       88  
GNMS
    (46 )     (44 )     (93 )     (94 )
Corporate & Other, including adjustments and eliminations(a)
    297       301       598       591  
 
                       
Total
  $ 610     $ 547     $ 1,208     $ 1,102  
 
                       
 
                               
Total revenues, net of interest expense:
                               
USCS
  $ 3,645     $ 2,881     $ 7,183     $ 5,983  
ICS
    1,108       1,113       2,247       2,157  
GCS
    1,084       998       2,106       1,936  
GNMS
    1,068       916       2,065       1,773  
Corporate & Other, including adjustments and eliminations(a)
    (47 )     184       (137 )     169  
 
                       
Total
  $ 6,858     $ 6,092     $ 13,464     $ 12,018  
 
                       
 
                               
Income (Loss) from continuing operations:
                               
USCS
  $ 522     $ (153 )   $ 950     $ (160 )
ICS
    160       78       311       130  
GCS
    117       67       209       148  
GNMS
    269       239       536       489  
Corporate & Other, including adjustments and eliminations(a)
    (51 )     111       (104 )     178  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,017     $ 342     $ 1,902     $ 785  
 
                       
 
       
  (a)  
Corporate & Other includes adjustments and eliminations for intersegment activity.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
American Express is a global service company that provides customers with access to products, insights and experiences that enrich lives and build business success. The Company’s principal products and services are charge and credit payment card products and travel-related services offered to consumers and businesses around the world. The Company’s range of products and services include:
   
charge and credit card products;
   
expense management products and services;
   
consumer and business travel services;
   
stored value products such as Travelers Cheques and other prepaid products;
   
network services for the Company’s network partners;
   
merchant acquisition and processing, point-of-sale, servicing and settlement and marketing products and services for merchants; and
   
fee services, including market and trend analyses and related consulting services, and the design of customized customer loyalty and rewards programs.
The Company’s products and services are sold globally to diverse customer groups, including consumers, small businesses, middle-market companies, and large corporations. These products and services are sold through various channels, including direct mail, on-line applications, targeted direct and third-party sales forces, and direct response advertising.
The Company’s products and services generate the following types of revenue for the Company:
   
Discount revenue, which is the Company’s largest revenue source, represents fees charged to merchants when cardmembers use their cards to purchase goods and services on the Company’s network;
   
Net card fees, which represent revenue earned for annual charge card memberships;
   
Travel commissions and fees, which are earned by charging a transaction or management fee for airline or other travel-related transactions;
   
Other commissions and fees, which are earned on foreign exchange conversions and card-related fees and assessments;
   
Other revenue, which represents insurance premiums earned from cardmember travel and other insurance programs, revenues arising from contracts with Global Network Services’ (GNS) partners (including royalties and signing fees), publishing revenues and other miscellaneous revenue and fees; and
   
Interest and fees on loans, which principally represents interest income earned on outstanding balances, and card fees related to the cardmember loans portfolio.
In addition to funding and operating costs associated with these types of revenue, other major expense categories are related to marketing and reward programs that add new cardmembers and promote cardmember loyalty and spending, and provisions for anticipated cardmember credit and fraud losses.
Historically, the Company has sought to achieve three financial targets, on average and over time:
   
Revenues net of interest expense growth of at least 8 percent;
   
Earnings per share (EPS) growth of 12 to 15 percent; and
   
Return on average equity (ROE) of 33 to 36 percent.

 

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In addition, assuming achievement of such financial targets, the Company has sought to return at least 65 percent of the capital it generates to shareholders as a dividend or through the repurchase of common stock.
The Company met or exceeded these targets for most of the past decade. However, during 2008 and 2009, its performance fell short of the targets due to the effects of the continuing global economic downturn. The Company’s share repurchase program was suspended in 2008 and, as a result, the amount of capital generated that is returned to shareholders has been below the levels achieved earlier in the decade.
The Company believes it will be positioned, over the long term, to generate revenue and earnings growth in line with its historical target levels. However, evolving market, regulatory and debt investor expectations will likely cause the Company, as well as other financial institutions, to maintain in future years a higher level of capital than they have historically maintained. These higher capital requirements would in turn lead, all other things being equal, to lower future ROE than the Company has historically targeted. In addition, the Company recognizes it may need to maintain higher capital levels to support acquisitions that can augment its business growth. In combination, these factors have led the Company to revise its on average and over time ROE financial target to 25 percent or more.
In establishing the revised ROE target, the Company has assumed that it will seek to maintain a 10 percent Tier 1 Common ratio, although the actual future capital requirements applicable to the Company are uncertain and will not be known until further guidance is provided in connection with certain initiatives, such as Basel III and the implementation of regulations under the recent United States financial reform legislation. International and United States banking regulators could also increase the capital ratio levels at which banks would be deemed to be “well capitalized”. Refer to Capital Strategy below. The revised ROE target also assumes the Company would need to maintain capital to finance moderate-sized acquisitions, although the actual magnitude of these transactions cannot be determined at this time. If the Company achieves its EPS target as well as the revised ROE target, it would seek to return, on average and over time, at least 50 percent of the capital it generates to shareholders as a dividend or through the repurchase of common stock rather than the 65 percent level referred to above.
Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform to the current presentation.
Certain of the statements in this Form 10-Q report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Refer to the “Forward-Looking Statements” section below.
Bank Holding Company
The Company is a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and the Federal Reserve Board (Federal Reserve) is the Company’s primary federal regulator. As such, the Company is subject to the Federal Reserve’s regulations, policies and minimum capital standards.
Current Economic Environment/Outlook
The Company’s results for the second quarter of 2010 continued to reflect an improved economic environment. Year-over-year cardmember spending volumes grew both in the United States and internationally, and across all of the Company’s businesses, due to both higher absolute spending levels and relatively weak volumes last year amidst the global economic slowdown. Growth in both the number of transactions and average transaction size contributed to the higher spending. Double-digit spending growth as compared to last year continued into the third quarter of 2010 through July. Such growth rate was down slightly from June of 2010 reflecting a more challenging year-over-year comparison.
The Company continues to see a sharp divergence between the positive growth rates in customer spending on credit cards and lower borrowing levels, due in part to changing consumer behavior and the Company’s strategic and risk-related actions. The Company expects the difference in growth rates in credit card spending and loan balances to continue over the near term. While the offsetting influences of stronger billings growth and lower loan balances challenge overall revenue growth, improving credit trends and well controlled operating expenses have provided an ability to invest in the business at significant levels and also generate strong earnings. Some of these investments are focused on near term metrics, while others are allocated toward initiatives focused on the medium to long-term success of the Company.
The improving credit trends contributed to the reduction in the second quarter of approximately $500 million in loss reserves, although reserve coverage ratios remain strong. The Company plans to maintain its investments in the business at substantial levels to the extent the benefits from its credit performance continue and intends to dedicate resources to select partnerships and acquisitions.

 

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Net interest yield for the second quarter decreased year-over-year. The lower yield reflects higher payment rates and lower revolving levels, and the implementation of elements of the recently passed the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (the “CARD Act”), which were partially offset by the benefit of certain repricing initiatives effective during 2009 and the first quarter of 2010. The Company’s objective is to attain a net interest yield in the US Consumer business closer to historic levels of approximately 9 percent1, which will be subject to uncertainties including the requirement under the CARD Act to periodically reevaluate APR increases.
Despite the improved economic environment and the favorable spending and credit trends discussed above, the Company recognizes that certain challenges remain. These include high unemployment levels, uncertainty in customer behavior, volatile consumer confidence and the legislative and regulatory environment, including the uncertain impact of the CARD Act and the recently enacted Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Refer to Certain Legislative, Regulatory and Other Developments below.
Reengineering Initiatives
In the fourth quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2009 the Company undertook major reengineering initiatives that together were expected to produce cost benefits of approximately $2.6 billion in 2009 versus the previously anticipated spending levels. These initiatives included reducing staffing levels and compensation expenses (expected benefit of $875 million in 2009), reducing certain operating costs (expected benefit of $250 million in 2009) and scaling back investment spending (expected benefit of $1.5 billion in 2009). The Company recorded restructuring charges of $404 million ($262 million after-tax) in the fourth quarter of 2008 and $182 million ($118 million after-tax) in the second quarter of 2009, respectively, primarily associated with severance and other costs related to the expected elimination of a total of approximately 11,000 positions, which accounted for approximately 17 percent of its global workforce as of September 30, 2008.
As the Company has previously indicated, beginning in the third quarter of 2009, benefits related to better than initially forecasted credit and business trends for 2009, which have continued into 2010, were utilized to increase spending on marketing and other business-building initiatives during the second half of the year. This has reduced the expected carryover into 2010 of the reengineering benefits previously discussed in 2009 related to investment spending and position eliminations, although the employee count decline of 7,500, or 11 percent, since September 30, 2008, primarily due to these initiatives, will continue to provide benefits.
In the second quarter of 2010, income from continuing operations reflects $4 million ($3 million after-tax) of net reengineering benefit.
Discontinued Operations
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the operating results, assets and liabilities, and cash flows of American Express International Deposit Company (AEIDC), which was sold to Standard Chartered in the third quarter of 2009, have been removed from the Corporate & Other segment and reported separately within the discontinued operations captions on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
     
1  
As discussed on page 41 below, net interest yield is a non-GAAP measure. The comparable GAAP measure is not determinable at this time.

 

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American Express Company
Selected Statistical Information
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Card billed business:(a)
                               
United States
  $ 119.7     $ 104.8     $ 227.7     $ 202.2  
Outside the United States
    55.6       46.6       108.6       88.4  
 
                       
Total
  $ 175.3     $ 151.4     $ 336.3     $ 290.6  
 
                       
Total cards-in-force (millions)(b)
                               
United States
  $ 49.0     $ 49.8     $ 49.0     $ 49.8  
Outside the United States
    39.9       38.7       39.9       38.7  
 
                       
Total
  $ 88.9     $ 88.5     $ 88.9     $ 88.5  
 
                       
Basic cards-in-force (millions)(b)
                               
United States
  $ 38.1     $ 38.7     $ 38.1     $ 38.7  
Outside the United States
    35.2       33.9       35.2       33.9  
 
                       
Total
  $ 73.3     $ 72.6     $ 73.3     $ 72.6  
 
                       
 
                               
Average discount rate(c)
    2.56 %     2.55 %     2.56 %     2.55 %
Average basic cardmember spending (dollars)(d)
  $ 3,288     $ 2,712     $ 6,299     $ 5,155  
Average fee per card (dollars)(d)
  $ 37     $ 35     $ 37     $ 35  
Average fee per card adjusted (dollars)(d)
  $ 41     $ 39     $ 41     $ 39  
 
     
(a)  
Card billed business includes activities (including cash advances) related to proprietary cards, cards issued under network partnership agreements, and certain insurance fees charged on proprietary cards. Card billed business is reflected in the United States or outside the United States based on where the cardmember is domiciled.
 
(b)  
Total cards-in-force represents the number of cards that are issued and outstanding. Proprietary basic consumer cards-in-force includes basic cards issued to the primary account owner and does not include additional supplemental cards issued on that account. Proprietary basic small business and corporate cards-in-force include basic and supplemental cards issued to employee cardmembers. Non-proprietary basic cards-in-force includes all cards that are issued and outstanding under network partnership agreements.
 
(c)  
This calculation is designed to reflect pricing at merchants accepting general purpose American Express cards. It represents the percentage of billed business (both proprietary and Global Network Services) retained by the Company from merchants it acquires, prior to payments to third parties unrelated to merchant acceptance.
 
(d)  
Average basic cardmember spending and average fee per card are computed from proprietary card activities only. Average fee per card is computed based on net card fees, including the amortization of deferred direct acquisition costs, plus card fees included in interest and fees on loans (including related amortization of deferred direct acquisition costs), divided by average worldwide proprietary cards-in-force. The card fees related to cardmember loans included in interest and fees on loans were $48 million and $45 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $99 million and $85 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The adjusted average fee per card is computed in the same manner, but excludes amortization of deferred direct acquisition costs (a portion of which is charge card related and included in net card fees and a portion of which is lending related and included in interest and fees on loans). The amount of amortization excluded was $56 million and $62 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $107 million and $132 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company presents adjusted average fee per card because management believes this metric presents a useful indicator of card fee pricing across a range of its proprietary card products.

 

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American Express Company
Selected Statistical Information
(continued)
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Worldwide cardmember receivables:
                               
Total receivables
  $ 34.6     $ 31.4     $ 34.6     $ 31.4  
Loss reserves (millions):
                               
Beginning balance
  $ 498     $ 810     $ 546     $ 810  
Provisions for losses on authorized transactions(a)
    55       221       239       539  
Net write-offs(b)
    (121 )     (340 )     (365 )     (672 )
Other
    8       23       20       37  
 
                       
Ending balance
  $ 440     $ 714     $ 440     $ 714  
 
                       
% of receivables
    1.3 %     2.3 %     1.3 %     2.3 %
Net write-off rate — USCS
    1.6 %     5.2 %     1.7 %     5.0 %
30 days past due loans as a % of total — USCS
    1.5 %     2.6 %     1.5 %     2.6 %
Net loss ratio (as a % of charge volume) — ICS/GCS(b) (c)
    0.10 %     0.27 %     0.23 %     N/A  
90 days past billing as a % of total — ICS/GCS(b)
    1.0 %     2.3 %     1.0 %     2.3 %
 
       
Worldwide cardmember loans (GAAP basis portfolio):(d)
                               
Total loans
  $ 57.3     $ 32.5     $ 57.3     $ 32.5  
30 days past due as a % of total
    2.8 %     4.3 %     2.8 %     4.3 %
Loss reserves (millions):
                               
Beginning balance
  $ 5,314     $ 3,013     $ 3,268     $ 2,570  
Adoption of new GAAP consolidation standard(e)
    N/A       N/A       2,531       N/A  
Provisions for losses on authorized transactions
    520       1,291       1,190       2,692  
Net write-offs — principal
    (867 )     (847 )     (1,902 )     (1,629 )
Net write-offs — interest and fees
    (92 )     (131 )     (206 )     (286 )
Other
    (9 )     (107 )     (15 )     (128 )
 
                       
Ending balance
  $ 4,866     $ 3,219     $ 4,866     $ 3,219  
 
                       
Ending Reserves — principal
  $ 4,743     $ 3,035     $ 4,743     $ 3,035  
Ending Reserves — interest and fees
  $ 123     $ 184     $ 123     $ 184  
% of loans
    8.5 %     9.9 %     8.5 %     9.9 %
% of past due
    307 %     230 %     307 %     230 %
Average loans
  $ 57.5     $ 35.2     $ 58.5     $ 37.2  
Net write-off rate
    6.0 %     9.6 %     6.5 %     8.8 %
Net interest income divided by average loans(f)
    8.3 %     8.4 %     8.6 %     9.0 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(g)
    9.6 %     9.7 %     9.9 %     10.2 %
 
       
Worldwide cardmember loans (Managed basis portfolio):(h)
                               
Total loans
  $ 57.3     $ 62.9     $ 57.3     $ 62.9  
30 days past due loans as a % of total
    2.8 %     4.3 %     2.8 %     4.3 %
Net write-offs — principal (millions)
  $ 867     $ 1,541     $ 1,902     $ 2,933  
Average loans
  $ 57.5     $ 63.9     $ 58.5     $ 66.0  
Net write-off rate
    6.0 %     9.7 %     6.5 %     8.9 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(g)
    9.6 %     10.1 %     9.9 %     10.6 %
 
     
(a)  
Represents loss provisions for cardmember receivables consisting of principal (resulting from authorized transactions) and fee reserve components. Adjustments to cardmember receivables resulting from unauthorized transactions have been reclassified from this line to “Other” for all periods presented.
 
(b)  
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company revised the time period in which past due cardmember receivables in International Card Services and Global Commercial Services are written off when they are 180 days past due or earlier, consistent with applicable bank regulatory guidance and the write-off methodology adopted for U.S. Card Services in the fourth quarter of 2008. Previously, receivables were written off when they were 360 days past billing or earlier. Therefore, the net write-offs for the first quarter of 2010 included net write-offs of approximately $60 million for International Card Services and approximately $48 million for Global Commercial Services resulting from this write-off methodology change, which increased the net loss ratios and decreased the 90 days past billing metrics for these segments, but did not have a substantial impact on provisions for losses.

 

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(c)  
Beginning with the first quarter of 2010, the Company has revised the net loss ratio to exclude net write-offs related to unauthorized transactions, consistent with the methodology for calculation of the net write-off rate for U.S. Card Services. The metrics for prior periods have not been revised for this change as it was deemed immaterial.
 
(d)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the Company’s cardmember loans and related debt performance information on a GAAP basis was referred to as the “owned” basis presentation. The information presented on a GAAP basis for such periods includes only non-securitized cardmember loans that were included in the Company’s balance sheet. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company’s securitized portfolio of cardmember loans and related debt is also consolidated on its balance sheet upon the adoption of the new GAAP. Accordingly, beginning January 1, 2010, the GAAP basis presentation includes both securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of GAAP basis information.
 
(e)  
Reflects the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, which resulted in the consolidation of the American Express Credit Account Master Trust (the Lending Trust), reflecting $29.0 billion of additional cardmember loans along with a $2.5 billion loan loss reserve on the Company’s balance sheets.
 
(f)  
This calculation includes elements of total interest income and total interest expense that are not attributable to the cardmember loan portfolio, and thus is not representative of net interest yield on cardmember loans. The calculation includes interest income and interest expense attributable to investment securities and other interest-bearing deposits as well as to cardmember loans, and interest expense attributable to other activities, including cardmember receivables.
 
(g)  
See below for calculations of net interest yield on cardmember loans, a non-GAAP measure, and net interest income divided by average loans, a GAAP measure. Management believes net interest yield on cardmember loans is useful to investors because it provides a measure of profitability of the Company’s cardmember loan portfolio.
 
(h)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, information presented is based on the Company’s historical non-GAAP, or “managed” basis presentation. Unlike the GAAP basis presentation, the information presented on a managed basis in such periods includes both the securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. The adoption of new GAAP on January 1, 2010 resulted in accounting for both the Company’s securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans in the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the Company’s 2010 GAAP presentations and managed basis presentations prior to 2010 are generally comparable. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of managed basis information.

 

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American Express Company
Selected Statistical Information
(continued)
Calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans(a)
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Calculation based on 2010 and 2009 GAAP information:(b)
                               
Net interest income
  $ 1,188     $ 741     $ 2,495     $ 1,660  
Average loans (billions)
  $ 57.5     $ 35.2     $ 58.5     $ 37.2  
Adjusted net interest income(c)
  $ 1,379     $ 855     $ 2,877     $ 1,896  
Adjusted average loans (billions)(d)
  $ 57.4     $ 35.4     $ 58.4     $ 37.3  
Net interest income divided by average loans
    8.3 %     8.4 %     8.6 %     9.0 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.6 %     9.7 %     9.9 %     10.2 %
 
                               
Calculation based on 2010 and 2009 managed information:(f)
                               
Net interest income(g)
  $ 1,188     $ 1,464     $ 2,495     $ 3,186  
Average loans (billions)
  $ 57.5     $ 63.9     $ 58.5     $ 66.0  
Adjusted net interest income(c)
  $ 1,379     $ 1,617     $ 2,877     $ 3,475  
Adjusted average loans (billions)(d)
  $ 57.4     $ 64.0     $ 58.4     $ 66.1  
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.6 %     10.1 %     9.9 %     10.6 %
 
     
(a)  
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, the Company changed the manner in which it allocates interest expense and capital to its reportable operating segments. The change reflects modifications in allocation methodology that the Company believes to more accurately reflect the funding and capital characteristics of its segments. The change to interest allocation impacted the consolidated net interest yield on cardmember loans. Accordingly, the net interest yields for periods prior to the first quarter of 2010 have been revised for this change.
 
(b)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the Company’s cardmember loans and related debt performance information on a GAAP basis was referred to as the “owned” basis presentation. The information presented on a GAAP basis for such periods includes only non-securitized cardmember loans that were included in the Company’s balance sheet. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company’s securitized portfolio of cardmember loans and related debt is also consolidated on its balance sheet upon the adoption of the new GAAP. Accordingly, beginning January 1, 2010, the GAAP basis presentation includes both securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of GAAP basis information.
 
(c)  
Represents net interest income allocated to the Company’s cardmember loans portfolio on a GAAP or managed basis, as applicable, in each case excluding the impact of card fees on loans and balance transfer fees attributable to the Company’s cardmember loans.
 
(d)  
Represents average cardmember loans on a GAAP or managed basis, as applicable, in each case excluding the impact of deferred card fees, net of deferred direct acquisition costs of cardmember loans.
 
(e)  
Net interest yield on cardmember loans is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents the net spread earned on cardmember loans. Net interest yield on cardmember loans is computed by dividing adjusted net interest income by adjusted average loans, computed on an annualized basis. The calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans includes interest that is deemed uncollectible. For all presentations of net interest yield on cardmember loans, reserves and net write-offs related to uncollectible interest are recorded through provisions for losses — cardmember loans; therefore, such reserves and net write-offs are not included in the net interest yield calculation.
 
(f)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, information presented is based on the Company’s historical non-GAAP, or “managed” basis presentation. Unlike the GAAP basis presentation, the information presented on a managed basis in such periods includes both the securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. The adoption of new GAAP on January 1, 2010 resulted in accounting for both the Company’s securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans in the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the Company’s 2010 GAAP presentations and managed basis presentations prior to 2010 are generally comparable. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of managed basis information.
 
(g)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the information presented includes the adjustments to the GAAP “owned” basis presentation for such periods attributable to securitization activity for interest income and interest expense to arrive at the non-GAAP “managed” basis information, which adjustments are set forth under the U.S. Card Services managed basis presentation on page 63.

 

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The following discussions regarding Consolidated Results of Operations and Consolidated Liquidity and Capital Resources are presented on a basis consistent with GAAP unless otherwise noted.
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
The Company’s consolidated net income for the three months ended June 30, 2010 increased $680 million or more than 100 percent from the same period a year ago to $1.0 billion, and diluted EPS increased significantly to $0.84 from $0.09. On a trailing 12-month basis, ROE was 23.5 percent, up from 13.2 percent a year ago.
The Company’s total revenues net of interest expense and total expenses increased by approximately 13 percent, and provisions for losses decreased by approximately 59 percent, for the three months ended June 30, 2010. Assuming no changes in foreign currency exchange rates, total revenues net of interest expense and total expenses increased by approximately 12 percent and provisions for losses decreased by approximately 59 percent for the three months ended June 30, 20102.
Total Revenues Net of Interest Expense
Consolidated total revenues net of interest expense were $6.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2010, up $766 million or 13 percent from $6.1 billion in the same period a year ago. The increase in total revenues net of interest expense was driven by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, which caused the reporting of write-offs related to securitized loans to move from securitization income, net in the second quarter of 2009 to provisions for cardmember loan losses in the second quarter of 2010. In addition, total revenues net of interest expense reflects higher discount revenues, higher other commissions and fees and higher travel commissions and fees. This was partially offset by lower net interest income in 2010 compared in 2009 to the combined net interest income on the non-securitized loan portfolio and the net interest income on the securitized loan portfolio (a component of securitization income, net in 2009), reduced other revenues and lower net card fees.
Discount revenue increased $429 million or 13 percent to $3.7 billion as a result of a 16 percent increase in billed business. The lesser revenue versus billed business growth reflects the relatively faster growth in billed business related to GNS, where discount revenue is shared with card issuing partners, as well as a co-brand partnership investment. The average discount rate was 2.56 percent and 2.55 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As indicated in prior quarters, selective repricing initiatives, changes in the mix of business and volume-related pricing discounts will likely result in some erosion of the average discount rate over time.
U.S. billed business and billed business outside the United States were up 14 percent and 19 percent, respectively, primarily due to increases in average spending per proprietary basic card. Billed business outside the United States was up 16 percent assuming no changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
 
     
2  
These currency rate adjustments assume a constant exchange rate between periods for purposes of currency translation into U.S. dollars (i.e., assumes the foreign exchange rates used to determine results for the current year apply to the corresponding year-earlier period against which such results are being compared). Management believes this presentation is helpful to investors by making it easier to compare the Company’s performance from one period to another without the variability caused by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

 

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The table below summarizes selected statistics for increases and decreases during the three months ended June 30, 2010:
 
                 
            Percentage Increase  
            Assuming No  
    Percentage     Changes in Foreign  
    Increase/(Decrease)     Exchange Rates  
Worldwide:(a)
               
Billed business
    16 %     15 %
Proprietary billed business
    14       14  
GNS billed business(b)
    27       23  
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    21       20  
Basic cards-in-force
    1          
United States:(a)
               
Billed business
    14          
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    22          
Basic cards-in-force
    (2 )        
Proprietary consumer card billed business(c)
    13          
Proprietary small business billed business(c)
    12          
Proprietary Corporate Services billed business(d)
    21          
Outside the United States:(a)
               
Billed business
    19       16  
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    20       17  
Basic cards-in-force
    4          
Proprietary consumer and small business billed business(e)
    12       9  
Proprietary Corporate Services billed business(d)
    22       22  
 
     
(a)  
Captions in the table above not designated as “proprietary” include both proprietary and Global Network Services data.
 
(b)  
Included in the Global Network & Merchant Services segment.
 
(c)  
Included in the U.S. Card Services segment.
 
(d)  
Included in the Global Commercial Services segment.
 
(e)  
Included in the International Card Services segment.
Assuming no changes in foreign exchange rates, total billed business outside the United States increased 23 percent in Asia Pacific, 20 percent in Latin America, 11 percent in Europe and 8 percent in Canada.
Total cards-in-force increased worldwide with an increase of 7 percent in GNS, partially offset by a decrease of 3 percent in International Card Services (ICS) and GCS and a decrease of 1 percent in United States Card Services (USCS). As of June 30, 2010, total cards-in-force had decreased 800,000, or 2 percent, in the United States and increased 1.2 million, or 3 percent, outside the United States, as compared to a year ago.
Travel commissions and fees increased $27 million or 7 percent to $434 million, reflecting a 25 percent increase in worldwide travel sales, partially offset by a lower sales revenue rate.
Other commissions and fees increased $58 million or 13 percent to $497 million, driven primarily by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010 where fees related to securitized receivables are now recognized as other commissions and fees starting in the first quarter of 2010. These fees were previously reported in securitization income, net. The increase also reflects greater foreign currency conversion revenues related to higher spending, partially offset by lower delinquency fees in the non-securitized cardmember loan portfolio.

 

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Other revenues decreased $185 million or 28 percent to $485 million, primarily reflecting the $211 million gain in the second quarter of 2009 resulting from the sale of 50 percent of the Company’s equity holdings in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), partially offset by higher GNS partner-related revenue.
Interest income increased $510 million or 40 percent to $1.8 billion in 2010. Interest and fees on loans increased $576 million or 53 percent to $1.7 billion, driven by an increase in the average loan balance resulting from the consolidation of securitized receivables in accordance with the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. Interest income related to securitized receivables was reported in securitization income, net in prior periods, but is now reported in interest and fees on loans. The increase related to this consolidation was partially offset by lower average non-securitized cardmember loans, as well as by a lower yield on cardmember loans reflecting higher payment rates, lower revolving levels, and the implementation of elements of the CARD Act, which were partially offset by the benefit of certain repricing initiatives effective during 2009 and the first quarter of 2010. Worldwide cardmember loan balances of $57.3 billion as of June 30, 2010 increased 75 percent from $32.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, due to the adoption of the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. On a comparable managed basis, including securitized loans in both periods, cardmember loan balances of $57.3 billion declined 7.3 percent from $61.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, reflecting higher cardmember payment rates and the growth of products with lower revolving balances, partially offset by higher cardmember spending levels during the first half of 2010. For further discussion of the managed basis presentation, refer to Cardmember Loan Portfolio Presentation below.
Interest and dividends on investment securities decreased $71 million or 36 percent to $125 million, primarily reflecting the elimination of interest on retained securities driven by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010 and decreased short-term investment levels. Interest on deposits with banks and others increased $5 million or 45 percent to $16 million, primarily due to the higher average deposit balances compared to the prior year.
Interest expense increased $63 million or 12 percent to $610 million in 2010. Interest on deposits increased $32 million or 30 percent to $137 million, as a significant increase in balances was partially offset by a lower cost of funds. Interest on short-term borrowings decreased $6 million or 86 percent to $1 million, reflecting lower short-term debt levels due to the strategic shift to deposit funding. Interest on long-term debt and other increased $37 million or 9 percent to $472 million, reflecting the consolidation of long-term debt associated with securitized loans previously held off-balance sheet in accordance with the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. Interest expense related to this debt was reported in securitization income, net in prior periods, but is now reported in long-term debt and other interest expense. Excluding this impact, lower average debt outstanding unrelated to securitized loans was offset by a higher cost of funds.
Provisions for Losses
Consolidated provisions for losses decreased $932 million or 59 percent compared to prior year to $652 million, primarily driven by lower reserve requirements due to improving credit performance in both the charge card and cardmember loan portfolios, partially offset by the inclusion of write-offs related to securitized loans, which were reported in securitization income, net in periods prior to 2010 and are now reported in provisions for cardmember loan losses.
Charge card provisions decreased $141 million or 59 percent to $96 million, reflecting lower write-off rates and improving delinquency rates.
Cardmember loans provisions decreased $763 million or 59 percent to $540 million due to improved credit performance partially offset by an increase related to the inclusion of second quarter 2010 write-offs related to securitized loans as a result of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010.
Other provision for losses decreased $28 million or 64 percent to $16 million, reflecting lower merchant-related reserves.

 

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Expenses
Consolidated expenses were $4.6 billion, up $521 million or 13 percent from $4.1 billion for the same period in 2009. The increase was a result of increased marketing and promotion expense, cardmember rewards expense and higher professional services expense, partially offset by lower salaries and employee benefits expense, cardmember services, communications expense and other, net expense.
Marketing and promotion expense increased $450 million or more than 100 percent to $802 million, reflecting the increased investment spending resulting from better credit and business trends during the second quarter of 2010.
Cardmember rewards expense increased $169 million or 16 percent to $1.2 billion, primarily due to greater rewards-related spending volumes and higher co-brand expense.
Cardmember services expense decreased $9 million or 7 percent to $122 million, primarily reflecting a reclassification of certain rewards costs to the cardmember rewards expense line.
Salaries and employee benefits expense decreased $55 million or 4 percent to $1.3 billion, due to $154 million of net severance costs associated with the Company’s reengineering efforts in the second quarter of 2009. Excluding those charges, salaries and benefits increased 8 percent as merit increases and higher incentive compensation expense were partially offset by lower employee levels and related expenses due to the benefits of the Company’s reengineering initiatives.
Other, net expense decreased $49 million or 44 percent to $62 million, primarily reflecting a $37 million favorable impact related to hedging the Company’s fixed-rate debt in the second quarter of 2010 compared to a $61 million unfavorable impact in the second quarter of 2009.
Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was 36 percent and 18 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Each of the periods reflects the level of pretax income in relation to recurring permanent tax benefits. The tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2010 also includes the impact of a $44 million valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets associated with certain of the Company’s non-U.S. travel operations and an increase of 2010’s estimated annual effective tax rate during the quarter.
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
The Company’s consolidated net income for the six months ended June 30, 2010 increased $1.1 billion compared to the same period a year ago to $1.9 billion, and diluted EPS increased $1.17 or more than 100 percent to $1.57. On a trailing 12-month basis, ROE was 23.5 percent, up from 13.2 percent a year ago.
The Company’s total revenues net of interest expense and total expenses increased by approximately 12 percent and 18 percent, respectively, and provisions for losses decreased by approximately 53 percent in the six months ended June 30, 2010. Assuming no changes in foreign currency exchange rates, total revenues net of interest expense and total expenses increased by approximately 10 percent and 15 percent, respectively, and provisions for losses decreased by approximately 54 percent in the six months ended June 30, 20103.
 
     
3  
These currency rate adjustments assume a constant exchange rate between periods for purposes of currency translation into U.S. dollars (i.e., assumes the foreign exchange rates used to determine results for the current year apply to the corresponding year-earlier period against which such results are being compared). Management believes this presentation is helpful to investors by making it easier to compare the Company’s performance from one period to another without the variability caused by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

 

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Total Revenues Net of Interest Expense
Consolidated total revenues net of interest expense were $13.5 billion, up $1.4 billion or 12 percent for the same period a year ago. Total revenues net of interest expense increased due primarily to higher discount revenues and higher net interest income on the combined securitized and non-securitized loan portfolio, offset mainly by reduced other revenues and lower net card fees.
Discount revenue increased $829 million or 13 percent to $7.2 billion as a result of a 16 percent increase in billed business partially offset by amounts shared with card issuing partners as well as co-brand partnership investments. The average discount rate was 2.56 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2010. As previously indicated, changes in the mix of business and volume-related pricing discounts will likely result in some erosion of the average discount rate over time.
U.S. billed business and billed business outside the United States were up 13 percent and 23 percent, respectively, primarily due to increases in average spending per proprietary basic card. Billed business outside the United States was up 15 percent assuming no changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
The table below summarizes selected statistics for increases and decreases during the six months ended June 30, 2010:
 
                 
            Percentage Increase  
            Assuming No  
    Percentage     Changes in Foreign  
    Increase/(Decrease)     Exchange Rates  
Worldwide:(a)
               
Billed business
    16 %     13 %
Proprietary billed business
    14       12  
GNS billed business(b)
    31       24  
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    22       20  
Basic cards-in-force
    1          
United States:(a)
               
Billed business
    13          
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    22          
Basic cards-in-force
    (2 )        
Proprietary consumer card billed business(c)
    12          
Proprietary small business billed business(c)
    9          
Proprietary Corporate Services billed business(d)
    20          
Outside the United States:(a)
               
Billed business
    23       15  
Average spending per proprietary basic card
    25       17  
Basic cards-in-force
    4          
Proprietary consumer and small business billed business(e)
    16       7  
Proprietary Corporate Services billed business(d)
    25       19  
 
     
(a)  
Captions in the table above not designated as “proprietary” include both proprietary and Global Network Services data.
 
(b)  
Included in the Global Network & Merchant Services segment.
 
(c)  
Included in the U.S. Card Services segment.
 
(d)  
Included in the Global Commercial Services segment.
 
(e)  
Included in the International Card Services segment.
Assuming no changes in foreign exchange rates, total billed business outside the United States increased 22 percent in Asia Pacific, 18 percent in Latin America, 11 percent in Europe and 7 percent in Canada.

 

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Total cards-in-force increased worldwide with an increase of 7 percent in GNS, partially offset by a decrease of 3 percent in ICS and GCS and a decrease of 1 percent in USCS. As of June 30, 2010, total cards-in-force had decreased 800,000, or 2 percent, in the United States and increased 1.2 million, or 3 percent, outside the United States, as compared to a year ago.
Travel commissions and fees increased $48 million or 6 percent to $820 million, reflecting a 23 percent increase in worldwide travel sales, partially offset by a lower sales revenue rate.
Other commissions and fees increased $105 million or 12 percent to $997 million, primarily driven by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010 where fees related to securitized receivables are now recognized as other commissions and fees starting in the first quarter of 2010. These fees were previously reported in securitization income, net. The increase also reflects greater foreign currency conversion revenues related to higher spending, partially offset by lower delinquency fees in the non-securitized cardmember loan portfolio.
Other revenues decreased $209 million or 19 percent to $911 million, primarily related to a second quarter of 2009 gain of $211 million on the sale of 50 percent of the Company’s investment in ICBC and migration of the Corporate Payment Services (CPS) portfolio to the American Express network during the first quarter of 2009, partially offset by higher GNS partner-related revenue.
Interest income increased $941 million or 34 percent to $3.7 billion in 2010. Interest and fees on loans increased $1.1 billion or 45 percent to $3.4 billion, driven by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. Interest income related to securitized receivables was reported in securitization income, net in prior periods, but is now reported in interest and fees on loans. The increase related to this consolidation was partially offset by lower average non-securitized cardmember loans as well as by a lower yield on cardmember loans as higher payment rates, lower revolving levels and the implementation of elements of the CARD Act were partially offset by the benefit of certain repricing initiatives effective during 2009 and the first quarter of 2010. Worldwide cardmember loan balances of $57.3 billion as of June 30, 2010 increased 75 percent from $32.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, due to the adoption of the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. On a comparable managed basis, including securitized loans in both periods, cardmember loan balances of $57.3 billion declined 7.3 percent from $61.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, reflecting higher cardmember payment rates and the growth of products with lower revolving balances, partially offset by higher cardmember spending levels during the first half of 2010. For further discussion of the managed basis presentation, refer to Cardmember Loan Portfolio Presentation below.
Interest and dividends on investment securities decreased $108 million or 31 percent to $242 million, primarily reflecting lower average short-term investment balances, partially offset by higher investment yields. Interest on deposits with banks and others decreased $10 million or 26 percent to $29 million, primarily due to the lower other interest income, partially offset by higher deposit income due to an increase in average interest-bearing deposits.
Interest expense increased $106 million or 10 percent to $1.2 billion in 2010. Interest on deposits increased $75 million or 39 percent to $265 million, as an increase in average balances was partially offset by a lower cost of funds. Interest on short-term borrowings decreased $32 million or 94 percent to $2 million, reflecting lower cost of funds and average borrowings. Interest on long-term debt and other increased $63 million or 7 percent to $941 million, primarily reflecting the consolidation of long-term debt associated with securitized loans previously held off-balance sheet in accordance with new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. Interest expense related to this debt was reported in securitization income, net in prior periods, but is now reported in long-term debt and other interest expense in 2010. Excluding this impact, interest expense was flat due to lower average debt outstanding unrelated to securitized loans offset by a higher cost of funds.

 

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Provisions for Losses
Consolidated provisions for losses decreased $1.8 billion or 53 percent over last year to $1.6 billion, due to the benefit of improving credit performance in both the loan and charge card portfolios.
Charge card provisions decreased $250 million or 44 percent to $323 million, driven by lower reserve requirements due to improved credit performance.
Cardmember loans provisions decreased $1.5 billion or 55 percent to $1.2 billion, primarily reflecting lower reserve requirements due to improved credit performance.
Other provision for losses decreased $53 million or 55 percent to $44 million, reflecting lower merchant-related reserves.
Expenses
Consolidated expenses were $9.0 billion, up $1.4 billion or 18 percent from $7.7 billion for the same period in 2009. The increase was a result of increased marketing and promotion expense, cardmember rewards expense, and higher professional services expense, partially offset by lower communications expense and other, net expense.
Marketing and promotion expense increased $700 million or more than 100 percent to $1.4 billion, reflecting the increased investment spending resulting from better credit and business trends during the first six months of 2010.
Cardmember rewards expense increased $541 million or 29 percent to $2.4 billion, reflecting various redemption option value improvements and a more tenured user base due to recent low acquisition levels; greater rewards-related spending volumes; and a higher average cost per point due to redemption mix changes and increased co-brand expenses.
Cardmember services expense increased $29 million or 12 percent to $271 million, primarily reflecting higher other cardmember services, partially offset by a reclassification of certain rewards costs to the cardmember rewards expense line in the second quarter of 2010.
Professional services expense increased $79 million or 7 percent to $1.2 billion, primarily driven by higher technology-related consulting and legal expenses.
Communications expense and other, net expense decreased $18 million or 9 percent and $10 million or 6 percent, respectively. The communications expense decrease was driven by lower postage and distribution costs as well as lower telephone related costs. Other, net expense decrease was primarily driven by the favorable accounting impact related to hedging the Company’s fixed-rate debt during the first six months of 2010.
Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was 33 percent and 18 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Each of the periods reflect the level of pretax income in relation to recurring permanent tax benefits. The tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2010 also includes the impact of a $44 million valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets associated with certain of the Company’s non-U.S. travel operations and an increase of 2010’s estimated annual effective tax rate.

 

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Consolidated Capital Resources and Liquidity
Capital Strategy
The Company’s objective is to retain sufficient levels of capital generated through earnings and other sources to maintain a solid equity capital base and to provide flexibility to satisfy future business growth. The Company believes capital allocated to growing businesses with a return on risk-adjusted equity in excess of its costs will generate shareholder value.
The level and composition of the Company’s equity capital are determined in large part by the Company’s internal assessment of its business activities, as well as rating agency and regulatory capital requirements. They are also influenced by subsidiary capital requirements, the business environment, and by conditions in the debt capital markets. The Company, as a bank holding company, is subject to regulatory requirements administered by the U.S. federal banking agencies. The Federal Reserve has established specific capital adequacy guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items.
The recently-passed Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as a series of international capital and liquidity standards proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (commonly referred to as Basel III), will in the future change these current quantitative measures. In general, these changes will involve, for the United States banking industry as a whole, a reduction in the amount of eligible capital that banks are deemed to hold and an increase in the amount of capital that their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items require. The Company currently reports its capital ratios under the measurement standards commonly referred to as Basel I. Thus, these changes will generally serve to reduce reported capital ratios compared to current capital guidelines. The specific guidelines supporting the new legislation have not been finalized but are generally expected to be issued within the next 18 months. In addition to these measurement changes, international and United States banking regulators could increase the ratio levels at which banks would be deemed to be “well-capitalized.”
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) amended the accounting for off-balance sheet securitization activities beginning January 1, 2010, which resulted in the Company consolidating the assets (primarily cardmember loans) and liabilities (primarily debt certificates) of the Lending Trust. Both the cardmember loans, net of the impact for any expected credit losses, and the debt are consolidated by American Express Travel Related Services (TRS), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the impact of the consolidation of the Lending Trust.

 

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The following table presents the regulatory risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratio for the Company and its significant banking subsidiaries, as well as additional ratios widely utilized in the market place, as of June 30, 2010:
 
                 
    Current        
    Well-Capitalized        
    Ratio     Actual  
Risk-Based Capital
               
Tier 1
    6.0 %        
American Express Company
            10.7 %
Centurion Bank
            16.9 %
FSB
            15.5 %
Total
    10.0 %        
American Express Company
            12.9 %
Centurion Bank
            18.2 %
FSB
            18.0 %
Tier 1 Leverage
    5.0 %        
American Express Company
            8.2 %
Centurion Bank
            18.7 %
FSB
            15.4 %
Tier 1 Common Risk-Based
               
American Express Company
            10.7 %
Common Equity to Risk-Weighted Assets(a)
               
American Express Company
            13.5 %
Tangible Common Equity to Risk-Weighted Assets(a)
               
American Express Company
            10.4 %
 
     
(a)  
Common equity equals the Company’s shareholders’ equity of $14.5 billion as of June 30, 2010, and tangible common equity equals common shareholders’ equity, less goodwill and other intangibles of $3.3 billion. Risk-weighted assets as of June 30, 2010, were $107.6 billion. Management believes presenting the ratio of tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets is a useful measure of evaluating the strength of the Company’s capital position.
The Company seeks to maintain capital levels and ratios in excess of the minimum regulatory requirements; failure to maintain minimum capital levels could cause the respective regulatory agencies to take actions that could limit the Company’s business operations.
The Company’s primary source of equity capital has been through the generation of net income. Historically, capital generated through net income and other sources such as employee benefit plans has exceeded the growth in its capital requirements. To the extent capital has exceeded business, regulatory, and rating agency requirements, the Company has returned excess capital to shareholders through its regular common dividend and its share repurchase program.
The Company maintains certain flexibility to shift capital across its businesses as appropriate. For example, the Company may infuse additional capital into subsidiaries to maintain capital at targeted levels in consideration of debt ratings and regulatory requirements. These infused amounts can affect the capital profile and liquidity level for American Express’ Parent Company (Parent Company).

 

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Share Repurchases and Dividends
The Company has a share repurchase program to return excess capital to shareholders. These share repurchases reduce shares outstanding and offset, in whole or in part, the issuance of new shares as part of employee compensation plans.
On a cumulative basis, since 1994 the Company has distributed 65 percent of capital generated through share repurchases and dividends. No shares have been repurchased over the past nine quarters, as share repurchases were suspended during the first quarter of 2008 in light of the challenging global economic environment. The Company does not expect to repurchase any of its shares in the near term; any future repurchases would be subject to consultation with applicable regulatory authorities.
During the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Company returned $217 million in dividends to shareholders, which represents approximately 18 percent of total capital generated. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company returned $433 million in dividends to shareholders, which represents approximately 20 percent of the total capital generated.
Funding
The Company seeks to maintain broad and well-diversified funding sources to allow it to meet its maturing obligations, cost-effectively finance current and future asset growth in its global businesses as well as maintain a strong liquidity profile. The diversity of funding sources by type of debt instrument, by maturity and by investor base, among other factors, provides additional insulation from the impact of disruptions in any one type of debt, maturity, or investor. The mix of the Company’s funding in any period will seek to achieve cost-efficiency consistent with both maintaining diversified sources and achieving its liquidity objectives. The Company’s funding strategy and activities are integrated into its asset-liability management activities.
The Company meets its funding needs through a variety of sources, including debt instruments such as senior unsecured debentures, asset securitizations and commercial paper, as well as retail deposits placed with the Company’s U.S. banks, and long-term committed bank borrowing facilities in certain non-U.S. markets.
During the second quarter of 2010, the Company issued $912 million of asset-backed securities as follows:
 
$850 million Class A at one month Libor plus 25 basis points
 
 
$62 million Class B at one month Libor plus 60 basis points
As of June 30, 2010, the Company had $1.4 billion of commercial paper outstanding and $28.4 billion of outstanding retail deposits. See “Deposit Programs” section below for more details.
The Company’s funding strategy is to raise funds to meet all financing obligations, including seasonal and other working capital needs, while maintaining sufficient cash and readily-marketable securities that are easily convertible to cash, in order to meet all long-term funding maturities for a 12-month period. The Company has $5.7 billion of unsecured long-term debt, $8.5 billion of asset securitizations, and $5.4 billion of long-term deposits that will mature by June 30, 2011. See “Liquidity Strategy” section for more details.
The Company’s equity capital and funding strategies are designed, among other things, to maintain appropriate and stable unsecured debt ratings from the major credit rating agencies, Moody’s Investor Services (Moody’s), Standard & Poor’s (S&P), Fitch Ratings (Fitch), and Dominion Bond Rating Services (DBRS). Such ratings support the Company’s access to cost effective unsecured funding as part of its overall financing programs. Ratings for the Company’s ABS activities are evaluated separately.

 

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Unsecured Debt Ratings
 
                 
            Long-Term    
        Short-Term   Senior    
        Debt and   Unsecured Debt    
Credit Agency   Entity Rated   Deposit ratings   ratings   Outlook
                 
DBRS   All rated entities   R-1
(middle)
  A
(high)
  Stable
Fitch   All rated entities   F1   A+   Stable(a)
Moody’s   TRS and rated operating subsidiaries   Prime-1   A2   Stable
Moody’s   American Express Company   Prime-2   A3   Negative
S&P   All rated entities   A-2   BBB+   Stable
 
     
(a)  
In April 2010 Fitch revised its ratings outlook from “Negative” to “Stable”.
Downgrades in the Company’s unsecured debt or asset securitization program’s securities ratings could result in higher interest expense on the Company’s unsecured debt and asset securitizations, as well as higher fees related to borrowings under its unused lines of credit. In addition to increased funding costs, declines in credit ratings could reduce the Company’s borrowing capacity in the unsecured debt and asset securitization capital markets. The Company believes the change in its funding mix, which now includes an increasing proportion of FDIC-insured (as defined below) U.S. retail deposits, should reduce the impact that credit rating downgrades would have on the Company’s funding capacity and costs.
Deposit Programs
The Company offers deposits within its American Express Centurion Bank and American Express Bank, FSB subsidiaries (together, the “Banks”). These funds are currently insured up to $250,000 through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). During the second quarter of 2009, the Company, through FSB, launched a direct deposit-taking program, Personal Savings from American Express, to supplement its distribution of deposit products through third-party distribution channels. This program makes FDIC-insured certificates of deposit (CDs) and high-yield savings account products available directly to consumers.
During the second quarter of 2010, within U.S. retail deposits the Company focused on continuing to grow both the number of accounts and the total balances outstanding on savings accounts and CDs that were sourced directly with consumers through Personal Savings from American Express. These balances grew during the quarter, and financed in part the maturities in excess of planned issuances of CDs through third-party distribution channels.
The Company held the following deposits as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
 
                 
(Billions)   2010     2009  
U.S. retail deposits:
               
Cash sweep and savings accounts
  $ 12.8     $ 10.5  
Certificates of deposit (a)
    14.9       15.1  
Other deposits
    0.7       0.7  
 
           
Total customer deposits
  $ 28.4     $ 26.3  
 
           
 
     
(a)  
Includes CDs sourced directly with consumers and through third-party distribution channels.

 

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Asset Securitization Programs
The Company periodically securitizes cardmember receivables and loans arising from its card business, as the securitization market provides the Company with cost-effective funding. Securitization of cardmember receivables and loans is accomplished through the transfer of those assets to a trust, which in turn issues certificates or notes (securities) collateralized by the transferred assets to third-party investors. The proceeds from issuance are distributed to the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as consideration for the transferred assets. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010.
Securitization of cardmember receivables generated under designated consumer charge card, small business charge card and corporate charge card accounts is accomplished through the transfer of cardmember receivables to the American Express Issuance Trust (Charge Trust). Securitization of the Company’s cardmember loans generated under designated consumer lending accounts is accomplished through the transfer of cardmember loans to the American Express Credit Account Master Trust (Lending Trust). The Company consolidates the Charge Trust and the Lending Trust. Accordingly, the receivables and loans being securitized are reported as owned assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related securities issued to third-party investors are reported as long-term debt on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Under the respective terms of the Lending Trust and the Charge Trust agreements, the occurrence of certain events could result in payment of trust expenses, establishment of reserve funds, or in a worst-case scenario, early amortization of investor certificates. As of June 30, 2010, no triggering events have occurred that would have resulted in the funding of reserve accounts or early amortization.
The credit rating agencies are assessing the potential impact of the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010 on credit ratings of the securities issued by securitization trusts within the overall asset-backed securities market. In particular, the agencies are assessing the FDIC’s safe harbor rule relating to the FDIC’s treatment of securitized assets in the event of a sponsoring financial institution’s receivership or conservatorship. Pursuant to the existing safe harbor rule, the FDIC will not seek to reclaim, recover or recharacterize any transfer of any financial asset transferred in connection with a securitization, provided that such transfer meets all conditions for sale accounting in accordance with GAAP. Because of the adoption of new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, all assets being securitized are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. For this reason, the rating agencies have indicated that they may ultimately conclude that the safe harbor no longer applies and, in certain cases, that the highest rating an ABS security could receive would be based on the sponsoring bank’s unsecured debt rating, rather than relying on their separate evaluation of the securitization trust. At present, the FDIC has extended the safe harbor rule to September 30, 2010, and is in the process of revising the safe harbor rule permanently to prevent potential market disruptions caused by the new GAAP mentioned above. Nonetheless, the ability of the Company’s securitization programs to receive or maintain AAA ratings on ABS securities under the same terms and conditions as done in the past, or at all, beyond the extended safe harbor September deadline, is subject to uncertainty. Any action by the rating agencies as described above could adversely impact the Company’s capacity and cost of using ABS as a source of funding for its business. Refer to Certain Legislative, Regulatory and Other Developments section below for additional information regarding matters affecting offerings of asset-backed securities.
Committed Bank Credit Facilities
As of June 30, 2010, the Company maintained committed bank lines of credit totaling $11.9 billion, of which $3.5 billion was drawn. These draw downs are part of the Company’s normal funding activities. The Company’s subsidiary, American Express Credit Corporation (Credco), has an allocation of $9.8 billion under these facilities and also has access to the Parent Company’s allocation of $1.3 billion for a maximum borrowing capacity of $11.1 billion. The Company allowed certain credit facilities totaling approximately $2.0 billion to expire on July 30, 2010.

 

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Liquidity Strategy
As noted above, the Company seeks to ensure that it has adequate liquidity in the form of excess cash and readily-marketable securities that are easily convertible into cash, to satisfy all maturing long-term funding obligations for a 12-month period, in addition to having access to significant additional contingent liquidity sources. This objective is managed by regularly accessing capital through a broad and diverse set of funding programs. The Company maintains a liquidity plan that enables it to continuously meet its financing obligations even when access to its primary funding sources become impaired or markets become inaccessible.
As of June 30, 2010, the Company’s excess cash and readily-marketable securities available to fund long-term maturities were as follows:
 
         
(Billions)      
Cash
  $ 21.9 (a)
Readily-marketable securities
    10.2 (b)
 
     
Cash and readily-marketable securities
    32.1  
Less:
       
Operating cash
    (4.3) (c)
Short-term obligations outstanding
    (2.4) (d)
 
     
Excess cash and readily-marketable securities
  $ 25.4 (e)
 
     
 
     
(a)  
Includes cash and cash equivalents of $20.7 billion as well as cash of $1.2 billion held in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for certain forthcoming asset-backed securitization maturities in the third quarter of 2010.
 
(b)  
Consists of certain available-for-sale investment securities (U.S. Treasury and agency securities and government-guaranteed debt) that are considered highly liquid and either mature prior to the maturity of borrowings that will occur within the next 12 months, or could be sold or pledged under sale/repurchase agreements to raise cash.
 
(c)  
Cash on hand for day-to-day operations.
 
(d)  
Consists of commercial paper and U.S. retail CDs with original maturities of three and six months.
 
(e)  
Amount is not affected by the misclassification of certain book overdraft balances referred to in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The upcoming approximate maturities of the Company’s long-term unsecured debt, debt issued in connection with asset-backed securitizations, and long-term certificates of deposit are as follows:
 
                                 
    Funding Maturities  
(Billions)   Unsecured     Asset-Backed     Certificates        
Quarter Ending:   Debt     Securitization     of Deposit     Total  
September 30, 2010
  $ 1.0     $ 2.3     $ 0.2     $ 3.5  
December 31, 2010
    3.4       1.5       1.6       6.5  
March 31, 2011
          3.2       2.0       5.2  
June 30, 2011
    1.3       1.5       1.6       4.4  
 
                       
Total
  $ 5.7     $ 8.5     $ 5.4     $ 19.6  
 
                       
 
The Company’s funding needs for the next 12 months are expected to arise from these maturities as well as changes in business needs, primarily changes in outstanding cardmember loans and receivables.
The Company considers various factors in determining the amount of liquidity it maintains, such as economic and financial market conditions, seasonality in business operations, growth in its businesses, the cost and availability of alternative liquidity sources, and regulatory and credit rating agency considerations.
The yield the Company receives on its cash and readily-marketable securities is generally less than the interest expense on the sources of funding for these balances. Thus, the Company incurs substantial net interest costs on these amounts. The level of net interest costs will be dependent on the size of the Company’s cash and readily-marketable securities holdings, as well as the difference between the cost of funding these amounts and their investment yields.

 

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In addition to its cash and readily-marketable securities, the Company continues to maintain a variety of contingent liquidity resources, such as access to secured borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco through the Federal Reserve discount window, and committed bank credit facilities.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The Company generated net cash provided by operating activities in amounts greater than net income for both the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, primarily due to provisions for losses, which represent expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income but do not require cash at the time of provision. Similarly, depreciation and amortization represent non-cash expenses. In addition, for the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash was provided by net income, deferred taxes, acquisition costs and other and fluctuations in other receivables and other assets, partially offset by fluctuations in Travelers Cheques outstanding and accounts payable and other liabilities. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, net cash was provided by net income and fluctuations in other receivables and other assets, partially offset by deferred taxes, acquisition costs and other and fluctuations in accounts payable and other liabilities and Travelers Cheques outstanding. These accounts vary significantly in the normal course of business due to the amount and timing of various payments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash provided by operating activities of $4.5 billion increased $1.9 billion compared to the same period in 2009. The increase was primarily due to deferred taxes, acquisition costs and other and fluctuations in accounts payable and other liabilities, as well as an increase in net income, partially offset by lower provisions for losses and changes in other receivables and other assets.
Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the impact of the misclassification of cash balances on cash flows from operating activities.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The Company’s investing activities primarily include funding cardmember loans and receivables and the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash provided by investing activities of $5.5 billion increased $4.7 billion compared to the same period in 2009. The increase was primarily due to increased maturity and redemption of investments; lower purchases of investments; maturities of cardmember loan securitizations in 2009 resulting in an increase in an undivided pro-rata interest in an unconsolidated VIE (historically referred to as “seller’s interest”); and fluctuations in restricted cash primarily due to a decrease in restricted cash of a consolidated VIE in 2010, which was used to pay down long-term debt of the consolidated VIE, partially offset by changes in the net decrease in cardmember loans and receivables.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
The Company’s financing activities primarily include issuing and repaying debt, taking customer deposits, paying dividends and repurchasing its common shares.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash used in financing activities of $5.8 billion decreased $2.8 billion compared to the same period in 2009. The decrease was primarily due to a decreased cash outflow for short-term borrowings; a fluctuation in customer deposits; a decrease in principal payments on long-term debt (which include payments made on long-term debt of a consolidated VIE of $4.5 billion in 2010) partially offset by decreases in the issuance of long-term debt and common shares.

 

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Certain Legislative, Regulatory and Other Developments
As a participant in the financial services industry, the Company is subject to a wide array of regulations applicable to its businesses. The Company is a bank holding company and is subject to the supervision of the Federal Reserve. As such, the Company is subject to the Federal Reserve’s regulations and policies, including its regulatory capital requirements. In addition, the extreme disruptions in the capital markets since mid-2007 and the resulting instability and failure of numerous financial institutions have led to a number of changes in the financial services industry, including significant additional regulation and the formation of additional regulatory bodies. The Company’s conversion to a bank holding company in the fourth quarter of 2008 has increased the scope of its regulatory oversight and its compliance program. In addition, although the long-term impact on the Company of much of the recent and pending legislative and regulatory initiatives remains uncertain, the Company expects that compliance requirements and expenditures will continue to rise for financial services firms, including the Company, as the legislation and rules become effective over the course of the next several years.
The CARD Act
In May 2009, the U.S. Congress passed, and the President of the United States signed into law, legislation, known as the CARD Act, to fundamentally reform credit card billing practices, pricing and disclosure requirements. This legislation accelerated the effective date and expanded the scope of amendments to the rules regarding Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (UDAP) and Truth in Lending Act that restrict certain credit and charge card practices and require expanded disclosures to consumers, which were adopted in December 2008 by federal bank regulators in the United States. Together, the legislation and the regulatory amendments, portions of which became effective commencing August 2009, include, among other matters, rules relating to the imposition by card issuers of interest rate increases on outstanding balances and the allocation of payments in respect of outstanding balances with different interest rates. Certain other provisions of the CARD Act effective in August 2010 require penalty fees to be reasonable and proportional in relation to the circumstances for which such fees are levied and require issuers to evaluate past interest rate increases twice per year to determine whether it is appropriate to reduce such increases.
The Company has made changes to its product terms and practices that are designed to mitigate the impact on Company revenue of the changes required by the CARD Act and the regulatory amendments. These changes include instituting product-specific increases in pricing on purchases and cash advances, modifying the criteria pursuant to which the penalty rate of interest is imposed on a cardmember, assessing late fees on certain charge products at an earlier date than previously assessed and lowering the balance level at which a higher level of late fee is charged. Although the Company believes that its actions to mitigate the impact of the CARD Act have, to date, been largely effective (as evidenced in part by the net interest yield for its U.S. lending portfolio), certain other provisions of the CARD Act are still subject to some regulatory uncertainty (such as the requirement to periodically reevaluate APR increases). Accordingly, in the event the actions undertaken by the Company to date to offset the impact of the new legislation and regulations are not ultimately effective, they could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, including its revenue and net income.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Reform Act”)
In July 2010, President Obama signed into law the Reform Act. The Reform Act is comprehensive in scope and contains a wide array of provisions intending to govern the practices and oversight of financial institutions and other participants in the financial markets. Among other matters, the law creates a new independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which will regulate consumer credit across the U.S. economy. The Bureau will have broad rulemaking and enforcement authority over providers of credit, savings, payment and other consumer financial products and services.
Under the Reform Act, the Federal Reserve is authorized to regulate interchange fees paid to banks on debit card transactions to ensure that they are “reasonable and proportional” to the cost of processing individual transactions, and to prohibit debit card networks and issuers from requiring transactions to be processed on a single payment network. The Reform Act also prohibits credit/debit network rules that would restrict a merchant from offering discounts to customers in order to encourage them to use a particular form of payment, as long as such discounts do not discriminate among issuers or networks, and that would restrict a merchant from setting certain minimum and maximum transaction amounts for credit cards.

 

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The Reform Act has also eliminated an exception to certain types of liabilities applicable to rating agencies under the securities laws, which has resulted in the agencies’ declining to give their consent to disclose ratings in registered offerings. This circumstance is of particular significance in offerings of asset-backed securities (“ABS offerings”), which require ratings disclosure that, subsequent to the Reform Act, can be made only with rating agency consent. Although the SEC staff has effectively relieved issuers from the ratings disclosure requirement through January 2011, if the rating agencies do not change their position, the Company will not be able to issue ABS securities in registered offerings after such time, and may have to rely on private offerings to raise funding through its ABS program.
The Reform Act also authorizes the Federal Reserve to establish heightened capital, leverage and liquidity standards, risk management requirements, concentration limits on credit exposures, mandatory resolution plans (so-called “living wills”) and stress tests for, among others, large bank holding companies, such as the Company, that have greater than $50 billion in assets. In addition, most interest rate and currency swaps will be required to be exchange-traded which may increase collateral posting requirements for the Company.
Many provisions of the Reform Act require the adoption of rules to implement. In addition, the Reform Act mandates multiple studies, which could result in additional legislative or regulatory action. These new rules and studies will be implemented and undertaken over a period of several years. Accordingly, the ultimate consequences of the Reform Act and its implementing regulations on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition are uncertain at this time.
Other Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives
In addition, other legislative initiatives remain in Congress, including a proposed “financial crisis responsibility fee” that would be assessed on large financial institutions at approximately 0.15 percent of total assets (less Tier 1 capital and less FDIC-assessed deposits) for at least the next ten years for the purpose of recovering projected losses from the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and other potential assessments.
Governments outside the United States are also considering wide-ranging and comprehensive financial services industry reform proposals, including various taxes on financial transactions and financial institutions’ profits, assets, and compensation. Any such legislative and regulatory changes could impact the profitability of the Company’s business activities, require the Company to change certain of its business practices and expose it to additional costs (including increased compliance costs).
The credit and charge card industry also faces continuing scrutiny in connection with the fees merchants are charged to accept cards. Although investigations into the way bankcard network members collectively set the “interchange” (that is, the fee paid by the bankcard merchant acquirer to the card issuing bank in “four party” payment networks, like Visa and MasterCard) had largely been a subject of regulators outside the United States, legislation has been introduced in Congress designed to give merchants antitrust immunity to negotiate interchange collectively with card networks and to regulate certain card network practices. Although, unlike the Visa and MasterCard networks, the American Express network does not collectively set fees, antitrust actions and government regulation of the bankcard networks’ pricing could ultimately affect all networks.
In addition to the provisions of the Reform Act regarding merchants ability to offer discounts, a number of U.S. states are also considering legislation that would prohibit card networks from imposing conditions, restrictions or penalties on a merchant if the merchant, among other things, (i) provides a discount to a customer for using one form of payment versus another or one type of credit or charge card versus another, (ii) imposes a minimum dollar requirement on customers with respect to the use of credit or charge cards or (iii) chooses to accept credit and charge cards at some of its locations but not at others. Such legislation has recently been enacted in Vermont, and is pending enactment in several other states.

 

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Also, other countries in which the Company operates have been considering and in some cases adopting similar legislation and rules that would impose changes on certain practices of card issuers and bankcard networks, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.
Our results of operations also could be adversely impacted by various proposals to reform the taxation of income earned by U.S. companies’ international business operations and by other legislative action or inaction, including the potential failure of the U.S. Congress to extend the active financing exception to Subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code.
In December 2009, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) released a comprehensive list of proposals of new and revised international capital and liquidity standards for banks. These proposals, if enacted, could have a substantial impact on the capital structure and liquidity profiles of the banking industry, including those of the Company. The Committee is evaluating comments it received on the proposals prior to finalizing the content and timing of implementation of the proposals. During July, the Committee issued several statements that reflected, among other things, tentative decisions it has reached on certain elements of the comprehensive proposals, including timelines for implementation, while re-affirming its goal to issue the proposals in final form before year end. Refer to Capital Strategy above.

 

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BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, the Company made changes to the manner in which it allocates equity capital as well as funding and the related interest expense charged to its reportable operating segments. The changes reflect the inclusion of additional factors in its allocation methodologies that the Company believes more accurately reflect the capital characteristics and funding requirements of its segments. The segment results for quarters prior to the first quarter of 2010 have been revised for this change. Debt, cash and investment balances associated with the Company’s excess liquidity funding and the related net negative interest spread continues to be reported in the Corporate & Other segment. The change to interest allocation also impacted the consolidated and segment reported net interest yield on cardmember loans.
As discussed more fully below, results are presented on a GAAP basis unless otherwise stated.
U.S. Card Services
Selected Income Statement Data
GAAP Basis Presentation
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Revenues
                               
Discount revenue, net card fees and other
  $ 2,534     $ 2,271     $ 4,851     $ 4,466  
 
                       
Securitization income, net(a)
          (2 )           139  
 
                       
Interest income
    1,315       758       2,726       1,686  
Interest expense
    204       146       394       308  
 
                       
Net interest income
    1,111       612       2,332       1,378  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense
    3,645       2,881       7,183       5,983  
 
                       
Provisions for losses
    519       1,190       1,206       2,573  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    3,126       1,691       5,977       3,410  
 
                       
Expenses
                               
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
    1,386       1,021       2,687       1,910  
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses
    912       926       1,785       1,778  
 
                       
Total
    2,298       1,947       4,472       3,688  
 
                       
Pretax segment income (loss)
    828       (256 )     1,505       (278 )
Income tax provision (benefit)
    306       (103 )     555       (118 )
 
                       
Segment income (loss)
  $ 522     $ (153 )   $ 950     $ (160 )
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
In accordance with the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company no longer reports securitization income, net in its income statement.

 

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U.S. Card Services
Selected Statistical Information
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Card billed business
  $ 94.6     $ 84.1     $ 179.5     $ 162.1  
Total cards-in-force (millions)
    39.6       40.2       39.6       40.2  
Basic cards-in-force (millions)
    29.5       29.8       29.5       29.8  
Average basic cardmember spending (dollars)
  $ 3,212     $ 2,667     $ 6,095     $ 5,058  
U.S. Consumer Travel:
                               
Travel sales (millions)
  $ 840     $ 696     $ 1,575     $ 1,323  
Travel commissions and fees/sales
    7.9 %     8.5 %     7.8 %     8.3 %
Total segment assets
  $ 82.4     $ 54.1     $ 82.4     $ 54.1  
Segment capital (millions)(a)
  $ 5,997     $ 5,501     $ 5,997     $ 5,501  
Return on average segment capital(b)
    26.9 %     4.9 %     26.9 %     4.9 %
Return on average tangible segment capital(b)
    29.2 %     5.2 %     29.2 %     5.2 %
 
                       
Cardmember receivables:
                               
Total receivables
  $ 17.3     $ 15.9     $ 17.3     $ 15.9  
30 days past due as a % of total
    1.5 %     2.6 %     1.5 %     2.6 %
Average receivables
  $ 17.1     $ 15.7     $ 17.0     $ 15.9  
Net write-off rate
    1.6 %     5.2 %     1.7 %     5.0 %
 
                       
Cardmember loans — (GAAP basis portfolio):(c)
                               
Total loans
  $ 49.0     $ 23.6     $ 49.0     $ 23.6  
30 days past due loans as a % of total
    2.7 %     4.4 %     2.7 %     4.4 %
Average loans
  $ 49.1     $ 26.5     $ 49.9     $ 28.4  
Net write-off rate
    6.2 %     10.3 %     6.7 %     9.3 %
Net interest income divided by average loans(d)
    9.1 %     9.3 %     9.4 %     9.8 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.3 %     8.8 %     9.7 %     9.6 %
 
                       
Cardmember loans — (Managed basis portfolio):(f)
                               
Total loans
  $ 49.0     $ 54.0     $ 49.0     $ 54.0  
30 days past due loans as a % of total
    2.7 %     4.4 %     2.7 %     4.4 %
Average loans
  $ 49.1     $ 55.1     $ 49.9     $ 57.2  
Net write-off rate
    6.2 %     10.0 %     6.7 %     9.2 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.3 %     9.7 %     9.7 %     10.3 %
 
     
(a)  
Segment capital represents capital allocated to a segment based upon specific business operational needs, risk measures, and regulatory capital requirements.
 
(b)  
Return on average segment capital is calculated by dividing the (i) one year period segment income ($1.5 billion and $223 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively) by the (ii) one year average segment capital ($5.7 billion and $4.6 billion for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively). Return on average tangible segment capital is computed in the same manner as return on average segment capital except the computation of average tangible segment capital excludes average goodwill and other intangibles of $447 million and $338 million as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Management believes the return on average tangible segment capital is a useful measure of the profitability of its business.
 
(c)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the Company’s cardmember loans and related debt performance information on a GAAP basis was referred to as the “owned” basis presentation. The information presented on a GAAP basis for such periods includes only non-securitized cardmember loans that were included in the Company’s balance sheet. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company’s securitized portfolio of cardmember loans and related debt is also consolidated on its balance sheet upon the adoption of the new GAAP. Accordingly, beginning January 1, 2010, the GAAP basis presentation includes both securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of GAAP basis information.
 
(d)  
This calculation includes elements of total interest income and total interest expense that are not attributable to the cardmember loan portfolio, and thus is not representative of net interest yield on cardmember loans. The calculation includes interest income and interest expense attributable to investment securities and other interest-bearing deposits as well as to cardmember loans, and interest expense attributable to other activities, including cardmember receivables.
 
(e)  
See below for calculations of net interest yield on cardmember loans, a non-GAAP measure, and net interest income divided by average loans, a GAAP measure. Management believes net interest yield on cardmember loans is useful to investors because it provides a measure of profitability of the Company’s cardmember loan portfolio.
 
(f)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, information presented is based on the Company’s historical non-GAAP, or “managed” basis presentation. Unlike the GAAP basis presentation, the information presented on a managed basis in such periods includes both the securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. The adoption of new GAAP on January 1, 2010 resulted in accounting for both the Company’s securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans in the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the Company’s 2010 GAAP presentations and managed basis presentations prior to 2010 are generally comparable. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of managed basis information.

 

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U.S. Card Services
Selected Statistical Information
(continued)
Calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans(a)
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions, except percentages or where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Calculation based on 2010 and 2009 GAAP information:(b)
                               
Net interest income
  $ 1,111     $ 612     $ 2,332     $ 1,378  
Average loans (billions)
  $ 49.1     $ 26.5     $ 49.9     $ 28.4  
Adjusted net interest income(c)
  $ 1,145     $ 581     $ 2,391     $ 1,356  
Adjusted average loans (billions)(d)
  $ 49.2     $ 26.6     $ 49.9     $ 28.5  
Net interest income divided by average loans
    9.1 %     9.3 %     9.4 %     9.8 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.3 %     8.8 %     9.7 %     9.6 %
 
                               
Calculation based on 2010 and 2009 managed information:(f)
                               
Net interest income(g)
  $ 1,111     $ 1,335     $ 2,332     $ 2,904  
Average loans (billions)
  $ 49.1     $ 55.1     $ 49.9     $ 57.2  
Adjusted net interest income(c)
  $ 1,145     $ 1,343     $ 2,391     $ 2,935  
Adjusted average loans (billions)(d)
  $ 49.2     $ 55.2     $ 49.9     $ 57.3  
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(e)
    9.3 %     9.7 %     9.7 %     10.3 %
 
     
(a)  
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, the Company changed the manner in which it allocates capital and related interest expense to its reportable operating segments to more accurately reflect the funding and capital characteristics of its segments. The change to interest allocation impacted the consolidated net interest yield on cardmember loans. Accordingly, the net interest yields for periods prior to the first quarter of 2010 have been revised for this change.
 
(b)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the Company’s cardmember loans and related debt performance information on a GAAP basis was referred to as the “owned” basis presentation. The information presented on a GAAP basis for such periods includes only non-securitized cardmember loans that were included in the Company’s balance sheet. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company’s securitized portfolio of cardmember loans and related debt is also consolidated on its balance sheet upon the adoption of the new GAAP. Accordingly, beginning January 1, 2010, the GAAP basis presentation includes both securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of GAAP basis information.
 
(c)  
Represents net interest income allocated to the Company’s cardmember loans portfolio on a GAAP or managed basis, as applicable, in each case excluding the impact of card fees on loans and balance transfer fees attributable to the Company’s cardmember loans.
 
(d)  
Represents average cardmember loans on a GAAP or managed portfolio basis, as applicable, in each case excluding the impact of deferred card fees, net of deferred direct acquisition costs of cardmember loans.
 
(e)  
Net interest yield on cardmember loans is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents the net spread earned on cardmember loans. Net interest yield on cardmember loans is computed by dividing adjusted net interest income by adjusted average loans, computed on an annualized basis. The calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans includes interest that is deemed uncollectible. For all presentations of net interest yield on cardmember loans, reserves and net write-offs related to uncollectible interest are recorded through provisions for losses — cardmember loans; therefore, such reserves and net write-offs are not included in the net interest yield calculation.
 
(f)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, information presented is based on the Company’s historical non-GAAP, or “managed” basis presentation. Unlike the GAAP basis presentation, the information presented on a managed basis in such periods includes both the securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans. The adoption of new GAAP on January 1, 2010 resulted in accounting for both the Company’s securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans in the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the Company’s 2010 GAAP presentations and managed basis presentations prior to 2010 are generally comparable. Refer to page 63 for a discussion of managed basis information.
 
(g)  
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the information presented includes the adjustments to the GAAP “owned” basis presentation for such periods attributable to securitization activity for interest income and interest expense to arrive at the non-GAAP “managed” basis information, which adjustments are set forth under the U.S. Card Services managed basis presentation on page 63.

 

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Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
The following discussion of U.S. Card Services’ segment results of operations is presented on a GAAP basis.
U.S. Card Services reported segment income of $522 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, a $675 million increase from a loss of $153 million for the same period a year ago. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, U.S. Card Services reported segment income of $950 million, a $1.1 billion increase from a loss of $160 million for the same period a year ago.
Total revenues net of interest expense increased $764 million or 27 percent to $3.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and $1.2 billion or 20 percent to $7.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2010, driven primarily by the increase in interest income, discount revenue, net card fees and other offset by the increase in interest expense.
Discount revenue, net card fees and other was $2.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of $263 million or 12 percent from $2.3 billion for the same periods a year ago. The increase is primarily due to a 12 percent increase in billed business. This line also reflects higher other commissions and fees driven by the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, which led to the inclusion of fees formerly recorded in securitization income, net, within discount revenue, net card fees and other and higher travel revenues, partially offset by lower commissions and fees and decreased net card fees. Discount revenue, net card fees and other increased $385 million or 9 percent to $4.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2010, due to higher discount revenue and other commissions and fees partially offset by the impact of the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010 and lower net card fees.
Interest income of $1.3 billion and $2.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, increased $557 million or 73 percent and $1.0 billion or 62 percent, respectively, due to the first quarter 2010 consolidation of securitized cardmember loans, partially offset by a lower average balance of non-securitized cardmember loans and a reduction in loan portfolio yield.
Interest expense of $204 million and $394 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, increased $58 million or 40 percent and increased $86 million or 28 percent, respectively, as compared to a year ago, reflecting higher expense related to the first quarter 2010 consolidation of off-balance sheet debt.
Provisions for losses of $519 million decreased $671 million or 56 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2010, principally reflecting improving cardmember loan and charge card credit trends and a lower average balance of non-securitized loans, partially offset by the inclusion of write-offs on the securitized cardmember loans. Provisions for losses of $1.2 billion decreased $1.4 billion or 53 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2010, primarily driven by improved credit performance but partially offset by the effect of the new GAAP, effective January 1, 2010.
Expenses were $2.3 billion, an increase of $351 million or 18 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2010 due to increased marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses, as salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses were relatively flat year over year. Expenses were $4.5 billion, an increase of $784 million or 21 percent, for the six months ended June 30, 2010 due to increased marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses, as salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses were relatively flat year over year.
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses of $1.4 billion and $2.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, increased $365 million or 36 percent and $777 million or 41 percent, respectively, reflecting increased marketing and promotion expense and higher rewards costs.

 

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Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses were $912 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, a decrease of $14 million or 2 percent, reflecting higher net charges during the second quarter of 2009 related to reengineering, a benefit in the second quarter of 2010 versus a charge in the year ago period related to hedging the Company’s fixed-rate debt and higher FDIC assessments in the second quarter of 2009. Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expense of $1.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2010, remained flat compared to same period a year ago with higher technology charges offset by a benefit related to hedging the Company’s fixed-rated debt, lower salaries and benefits, and professional services.
The effective tax rate was 37 percent for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2010. The effective tax rate was (40) percent and (42) percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009. The effective rate in the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 reflects the impact of recurring tax benefits on a pretax loss.
Cardmember Loan Portfolio Presentation
For periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, the Company’s non-securitized cardmember loan and related debt performance information on a GAAP basis was referred to as the “owned” basis presentation. For such periods, the Company also provided information on a non-GAAP “managed” basis. Unlike the GAAP basis presentation, the managed basis presentation in such periods assumed there had been no off-balance sheet securitizations for the Company’s U.S. Card Services segment (the Company has not securitized its international cardmember loans), resulting in the inclusion of all securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans and related debt in the Company’s performance information.
Under the GAAP basis presentation prior to securitization for the period ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, revenues and expenses from cardmember loans and related debt were reflected in the Company’s income statements in other commissions and fees, net interest income and provisions for losses for cardmember loans. At the time of a securitization transaction, the securitized cardmember loans were removed from the Company’s balance sheet, and the resulting gain on sale was reflected in securitization income, net, as well as a reduction to the provision for losses (credit reserves were no longer recorded for the cardmember loans once sold). Over the life of a securitization transaction, the Company recognized the net cash flow from interest and fee collections on interests sold to investors (the investors’ interests) after deducting interest paid on the investors’ certificates, credit losses, contractual service fees, other expenses and changes in the fair value of the interest-only strip (referred to as “excess spread”). These amounts, in addition to servicing fees and the non-credit components of the gains/(losses) from securitization activities were reflected in securitization income, net. The Company also recognized interest income over the life of the securitization transaction related to the interest it retained (i.e., the seller’s interest). At the maturity of a securitization transaction, cardmember loans on the balance sheet increased, and the impact of the incremental required loss reserves was recorded in provisions for losses.
Under the managed basis presentation for periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2009, revenues and expenses related to securitized cardmember loans and related debt were reflected in other commissions and fees (included in discount revenue, net card fees and other), interest income, interest expense and provisions for losses. In addition, there was no securitization income, net as this presentation assumed no securitization transactions had occurred.

 

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Historically, the Company included USCS information on a managed basis, as that was the manner in which the Company’s management viewed and managed the business. Management believed that a full picture of trends in the Company’s cardmember loans business could only be derived by evaluating the performance of both securitized and non-securitized cardmember loans, as the presentation of the entire cardmember loan portfolio was more representative of the economics of the aggregate cardmember relationships and ongoing business performance and related trends over time. The managed basis presentation also provided investors a more comprehensive assessment of the information necessary for the Company and investors to evaluate the Company’s market share.
The adoption of new GAAP on January 1, 2010 resulted in accounting for both the Company’s securitized and non-securitized Cardmember loans in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the Company’s 2010 GAAP presentations and managed basis presentations prior to 2010 are generally comparable.
For additional information on the differences between the Company’s historical GAAP and managed basis presentations, see the Company’s Financial Review included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

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The following table sets forth cardmember loan portfolio financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010. The June 30, 2010 financial information was determined in accordance with the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010. The June 30, 2009 information includes the “owned” (GAAP) basis presentation, together with the adjustments for securitization activity to arrive at the “managed” (non-GAAP) basis presentation. For additional information, see “Cardmember Loan Portfolio Presentation” above:
U.S. Card Services
Selected Financial Information
Managed Basis Presentation
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
                               
Discount revenue, net card fees and other:
                               
Reported for the period (GAAP)
  $ 2,534     $ 2,271     $ 4,851     $ 4,466  
Securitization adjustments
          79             178  
 
                       
Total discount revenue, net card fees and other
  $ 2,534     $ 2,350     $ 4,851     $ 4,644  
 
                       
 
                               
Interest income:
                               
Reported for the period (GAAP)
  $ 1,315     $ 758     $ 2,726     $ 1,686  
Securitization adjustments
          771             1,657  
 
                       
Total interest income
  $ 1,315     $ 1,529     $ 2,726     $ 3,343  
 
                       
 
                               
Securitization income, net:(a)
                               
Reported for the period (GAAP)
  $     $ (2 )   $     $ 139  
Securitization adjustments
          2             (139 )
 
                       
Total securitization income, net
  $     $     $     $  
 
                       
 
                               
Interest expense:
                               
Reported for the period (GAAP)
  $ 204     $ 146     $ 394     $ 308  
Securitization adjustments
          48             131  
 
                       
Total interest expense
  $ 204     $ 194     $ 394     $ 439  
 
                       
 
                               
Provisions for losses:
                               
Reported for the period (GAAP)
  $ 519     $ 1,190     $ 1,206     $ 2,573  
Securitization adjustments
          836 (b)           1,472 (b)
 
                       
Total provisions for losses
  $ 519     $ 2,026     $ 1,206     $ 4,045  
 
                       
 
     
(a)  
In accordance with the new GAAP effective January 1, 2010, the Company no longer reports securitization income, net in its income statement.
 
(b)  
Includes provisions for losses for off-balance sheet cardmember loans based on the same methodology as applied to on-balance sheet cardmember loans, except that any quarterly adjustment to reserve levels for on-balance sheet loans to address external environmental factors was not applied to adjust the provision expense for the securitized portfolio.

 

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Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 — Managed Basis
The following discussion of U.S. Card Services is on a managed basis.
Discount revenue, net card fees and other increased $184 million or 8 percent and $207 million or 4 percent as compared to the same period a year ago to $2.5 billion and $4.9 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, reflecting higher billed business volumes and increased travel revenues partially offset by lower commissions and fees and decreased net card fees.
Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2010 decreased $214 million or 14 percent to $1.3 billion, due to a decline of 11 percent in the average managed loan portfolio balance and a lower portfolio yield. The lower yield was driven by higher payment rates, lower revolving levels and the CARD Act, partially offset by repricing initiatives. Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2010, decreased $617 million or 18 percent to $2.7 billion primarily due to 13 percent decline in the average managed loan balances and a lower portfolio yield as compared to a year ago.
Interest expense increased $10 million or 5 percent as compared to a year ago to $204 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 due to higher cost of funds, partially offset by reduced funding requirements due to a lower average cardmember loan balance. Interest expense decreased $45 million or 10 percent as compared to the same period a year ago to $394 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, primarily due to lower average cardmember loan balances.
Provisions for losses decreased $1.5 billion or 74 percent to $519 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, principally due to improving cardmember lending and charge card credit performance and a lower average loan balance. Provisions for losses decreased $2.8 billion or 70 percent to $1.2 billion for the six months ended 2010, principally due to improving cardmember loan and charge card credit performance and a lower average loan balance.

 

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International Card Services
Selected Income Statement Data
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Revenues
                               
Discount revenue, net card fees and other
  $ 865     $ 838     $ 1,747     $ 1,625  
 
                       
Interest income
    342       376       705       741  
Interest expense
    99       101       205       209  
 
                       
Net interest income
    243       275       500       532  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense
    1,108       1,113       2,247       2,157  
Provisions for losses
    90       302       248       637  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    1,018       811       1,999       1,520  
 
                       
Expenses
                               
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
    376       287       726       545  
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses
    441       453       888       875  
 
                       
Total
    817       740       1,614       1,420  
 
                       
Pretax segment income
    201       71       385       100  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    41       (7 )     74       (30 )
 
                       
Segment income
  $ 160     $ 78     $ 311     $ 130  
 
                       
 

 

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International Card Services
Selected Statistical Information
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
               
Card billed business
  $ 25.5     $ 22.7     $ 49.9     $ 43.2  
Total cards-in-force (millions)
    15.0       15.5       15.0       15.5  
Basic cards-in-force (millions)
    10.4       10.8       10.4       10.8  
Average basic cardmember spending (dollars)
  $ 2,449     $ 2,083     $ 4,789     $ 3,897  
International Consumer Travel:
                               
Travel sales (millions)
  $ 262     $ 231     $ 523     $ 449  
Travel commissions and fees/sales
    8.0 %     8.7 %     7.6 %     8.5 %
Total segment assets
  $ 20.0     $ 19.5     $ 20.0     $ 19.5  
Segment capital (millions)(a)
  $ 2,022     $ 2,215     $ 2,022     $ 2,215  
Return on average segment capital(b)
    23.6 %     9.8 %     23.6 %     9.8 %
Return on average tangible segment capital(b)
    31.8 %     13.0 %     31.8 %     13.0 %
 
                       
Cardmember receivables:
                               
Total receivables
  $ 5.6     $ 5.4     $ 5.6     $ 5.4  
90 days past billing as a % of total(c)
    1.0 %     3.0 %     1.0 %     3.0 %
Net loss ratio (as a % of charge volume)(c)(d)
    0.15 %     0.36 %     0.34 %     0.35 %
 
                       
Cardmember loans:
                               
Total loans
  $ 8.3     $ 8.9     $ 8.3     $ 8.9  
30 days past due loans as a % of total
    3.0 %     4.0 %     3.0 %     4.0 %
Average loans
  $ 8.3     $ 8.7     $ 8.6     $ 8.8  
Net write-off rate
    4.9 %     7.5 %     5.2 %     6.9 %
Net interest income divided by average loans(e)
    11.7 %     12.7 %     11.7 %     12.2 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(f)
    11.4 %     12.5 %     11.5 %     12.3 %
 
     
(a)  
Segment capital represents capital allocated to a segment based upon specific business operational needs, risk measures, and regulatory capital requirements.
 
(b)  
Return on average segment capital is calculated by dividing the (i) one year period segment income ($513 million and $219 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively) by the (ii) one year average segment capital ($2.2 billion and $2.2 billion for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively). Return on average tangible segment capital is computed in the same manner as return on average segment capital except the computation of average tangible segment capital excludes average goodwill and other intangibles of $561 million and $546 million as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Management believes the return on average tangible segment capital is a useful measure of the profitability of its business.
 
(c)  
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company revised the time period in which past due cardmember receivables in International Card Services are written off when they are 180 days past due or earlier, consistent with applicable bank regulatory guidance and the write-off methodology adopted for U.S. Card Services in the fourth quarter of 2008. Previously, receivables were written off when they were 360 days past billing or earlier. Therefore, the net write-offs for the first quarter of 2010 include net write-offs of approximately $60 million for International Card Services resulting from this write-off methodology change, which increased the net loss ratio and decreased the 90 days past billing metric for this segment, but did not have a substantial impact on provisions for losses.
 
(d)  
Beginning with the first quarter of 2010, the Company has revised the net loss ratio to exclude write-offs related to unauthorized transactions, consistent with the methodology for calculation of the net write-off rate for U.S. Card Services. The metrics for prior periods have not been revised for this change as it was deemed immaterial.
 
(e)  
This calculation includes elements of total interest income and total interest expense that are not attributable to the cardmember loan portfolio, and thus is not representative of net interest yield on cardmember loans. The calculation includes interest income and interest expense attributable to investment securities and other interest-bearing deposits as well as to cardmember loans, and interest expense attributable to other activities, including cardmember receivables.
 
(f)  
See below for calculations of net interest yield on cardmember loans, a non-GAAP measure, and the ratio of net interest income divided by average loans, a GAAP measure. Management believes net interest yield on cardmember loans is useful to investors because it provides a measure of profitability of the Company’s cardmember loans portfolio.

 

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International Card Services
Selected Statistical Information
(continued)
Calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans(a)
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions, except for percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Net interest income
  $ 243     $ 275     $ 500     $ 532  
Average loans (billions)
  $ 8.3     $ 8.7     $ 8.6     $ 8.8  
Adjusted net interest income(b)
  $ 234     $ 274     $ 487     $ 539  
Adjusted average loans (billions)(c)
  $ 8.2     $ 8.8     $ 8.5     $ 8.8  
Net interest income divided by average loans
    11.7 %     12.7 %     11.7 %     12.2 %
Net interest yield on cardmember loans(d)
    11.4 %     12.5 %     11.5 %     12.3 %
 
     
(a)  
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, the Company changed the manner in which it allocates capital and related interest expense to its reportable operating segments to more accurately reflect the funding and capital characteristics of its segments. The change to interest allocation impacted the consolidated net interest yield on cardmember loans. Accordingly, the net interest yields for periods prior to the first quarter of 2010 have been revised for this change.
 
(b)  
Represents net interest income allocated to the Company’s cardmember loans portfolio, excluding the impact of card fees on loans and balance transfer fees attributable to the Company’s cardmember loans.
 
(c)  
Represents average cardmember loans excluding the impact of deferred card fees, net of deferred direct acquisition costs of cardmember loans.
 
(d)  
Net interest yield on cardmember loans is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents the net spread earned on cardmember loans. Net interest yield on cardmember loans is computed by dividing adjusted net interest income by adjusted average loans, computed on an annualized basis. The calculation of net interest yield on cardmember loans includes interest that is deemed uncollectible. For all net interest yield presentations, reserves and net write-offs related to uncollectible interest are recorded through provisions for losses — cardmember loans; therefore, such reserves and net write-offs are not included in the net interest yield calculation.
Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
International Card Services segment income increased more than 100 percent or $82 million to $160 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, from $78 million for the same period a year ago as total revenues net of interest expense remained flat, provisions for losses decreased 70 percent and expenses increased by 10 percent. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, International Card Services reported segment income of $311 million, a $181 million or more than 100 percent increase from $130 million for the same period a year ago. Both the revenue and expense comparisons were influenced by the translation impact of a weaker dollar during the second quarter of 2010.
Total revenues net of interest expense increased $90 million or 4 percent to $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The year over year increase is primarily due to increased discount revenue, other commissions and fees, net card fees and lower interest expense, partially offset by lower interest income. Total revenues net of interest expense remained flat for the three months ended June 30, 2010.
Discount revenue, net card fees and other revenues of $865 million and $1.7 billion for three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, increased $27 million or 3 percent and $122 million or 8 percent, driven primarily by the higher level of card spending, higher other commissions and fees, increased net card fees and slightly greater travel commissions and fees, partially offset by lower other revenues. The 12 percent and 16 percent increase in billed business for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, reflects an 18 percent and 23 percent increase in average spending per proprietary basic cards-in-force partially offset by a 4 percent decrease in basic cards-in-force, when compared to the prior year.

 

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For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, assuming no changes in foreign currency exchange rates, billed business increased 9 percent and 7 percent, respectively, and average spending per proprietary basic cards-in-force increased 14 percent, respectively. Billed business outside the United States increased 15 percent in Latin America, 10 percent in Asia Pacific, 7 percent in Canada and 7 percent in Europe for the three months ended June 30, 2010, and 13 percent in Latin America, 8 percent in Asia Pacific, 6 percent in Canada and 6 percent in Europe for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
Interest income of $342 million and $705 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, declined $34 million or 9 percent and $36 million or 5 percent as compared to the same periods a year ago, as a lower yield on cardmember loans and a lower average loan balance were partially offset by higher lending card fees.
Interest expense decreased $2 million or 2 percent and $4 million or 2 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, due to a lower average loan balance, partially offset by a higher average receivable balance.
Provisions for losses of $90 million and $248 million decreased $212 million or 70 percent and $389 million or 61 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, primarily reflecting improving cardmember loans and charge card credit trends.
Expenses of $817 million and $1.6 billion increased $77 million or 10 percent and $194 million or 14 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, due to higher marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services costs.
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses of $376 million and $726 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, increased $89 million or 31 percent and $181 million or 33 percent as compared to the same periods a year ago, reflecting higher marketing and promotion expenses and greater rewards costs.
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses decreased $12 million or 3 percent to $441 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 reflecting lower salaries and employee benefits, partially offset by higher professional services expenses. Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses increased $13 million or 1 percent to $888 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 driven by higher professional services expenses, partially offset by lower salaries and employee benefits.
The effective tax rate was 20 percent and 19 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively. The effective tax rate was (10) percent and (30) percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively. The tax rates in all periods reflect the impact of recurring tax benefits on varying levels of pretax income. As indicated in previous quarters, this segment reflects the favorable impact of the Company’s consolidated tax benefit related to its ongoing funding activities outside the United States, which is allocated to International Card Services under the Company’s internal tax allocation process. The availability of this benefit in future years is largely dependent on a provision of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code that Congress has not yet acted to extend. Refer to Certain Legislative, Regulatory and Other Developments above for further discussion of this provision.

 

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Global Commercial Services
Selected Income Statement Data
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Revenues
                               
Discount revenue, net card fees and other
  $ 1,138     $ 1,039     $ 2,207     $ 2,021  
 
                       
Interest income
    2       2       3       3  
Interest expense
    56       43       104       88  
 
                       
Net interest income
    (54 )     (41 )     (101 )     (85 )
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense
    1,084       998       2,106       1,936  
Provisions for losses
    28       53       106       100  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    1,056       945       2,000       1,836  
 
                       
Expenses
                               
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services
    107       74       220       153  
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses
    709       777       1,404       1,467  
 
                       
Total
    816       851       1,624       1,620  
 
                       
Pretax segment income
    240       94       376       216  
Income tax provision
    123       27       167       68  
 
                       
Segment income
  $ 117     $ 67     $ 209     $ 148  
 
                       
 

 

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Global Commercial Services
Selected Statistical Information
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
               
Card billed business
  $ 32.9     $ 27.2     $ 63.7     $ 52.3  
Total cards-in-force (millions)
    7.0       7.2       7.0       7.2  
Basic cards-in-force (millions)
    7.0       7.2       7.0       7.2  
Average basic cardmember spending (dollars)
  $ 4,712     $ 3,746     $ 9,110     $ 7,278  
Global Corporate Travel:
                               
Travel sales
  $ 4.6     $ 3.6     $ 8.7     $ 7.0  
Travel commissions and fees/sales
    7.6 %     9.1 %     7.5 %     8.8 %
Total segment assets
  $ 23.5     $ 21.2     $ 23.5     $ 21.2  
Segment capital (millions)(a)
  $ 3,509     $ 3,553     $ 3,509     $ 3,553  
Return on average segment capital(b)
    11.5 %     7.0 %     11.5 %     7.0 %
Return on average tangible segment capital(b)
    25.0 %     15.1 %     25.0 %     15.1 %
 
                       
Cardmember receivables:
                               
Total receivables
  $ 11.5     $ 9.9     $ 11.5     $ 9.9  
90 days past billing as a % of total(c)
    1.0 %     1.9 %     1.0 %     1.9 %
Net loss ratio (as a % of charge volume)(c) (d)
    0.06 %     0.22 %     0.17 %     0.20 %
 
     
(a)  
Segment capital represents capital allocated to a segment based upon specific business operational needs, risk measures, and regulatory capital requirements.
 
(b)  
Return on average segment capital is calculated by dividing the (i) one year period segment income ($411 million and $250 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively) by the (ii) one year average segment capital ($3.6 billion and $3.6 billion for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively). Return on average tangible segment capital is computed in the same manner as return on average segment capital except the computation of average tangible segment capital excludes average goodwill and other intangibles of $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Management believes the return on average tangible segment capital is a useful measure of the profitability of its business.
 
(c)  
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company revised the time period in which past due cardmember receivables in Global Commercial Services are written off when they are 180 days past due or earlier, consistent with applicable bank regulatory guidance and the write-off methodology adopted for U.S. Card Services in the fourth quarter of 2008. Previously, receivables were written off when they were 360 days past billing or earlier. Therefore, the net write-offs for the first quarter of 2010 include net write-offs of approximately $48 million for Global Commercial Services resulting from this write-off methodology change, which increased the net loss ratio and decreased the 90 days past billing metric for this segment, but did not have a substantial impact on provisions for losses.
 
(d)  
Beginning with the first quarter of 2010, the Company has revised the net loss ratio to exclude net write-offs related to unauthorized transactions, consistent with the methodology for calculation of the net write-off rate for U.S. Card Services. The metrics for prior periods have not been revised for this change as it was deemed immaterial.
Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
Global Commercial Services reported segment income of $117 million and $209 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of $50 million or 75 percent and $61 million or 41 percent, respectively, compared to the same period a year ago.
Total revenues net of interest expense increased $86 million or 9 percent and $170 million or 9 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, to $1.1 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, due to increased discount revenue, net card fees and other, partially offset by higher interest expense.

 

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Discount revenue, net card fees and other revenues of $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2010, increased $99 million or 10 percent due to the increased level of card spending, greater travel commissions and fees and higher net card fees, other commissions and fees and other revenues. The 21 percent increase in billed business reflects a 26 percent increase in average spending per proprietary basic card, partially offset by a 3 percent decrease in basic cards-in-force. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, discount revenue, net card fees and other revenues of $2.2 billion increased $186 million or 9 percent over the same period a year ago, driven primarily by the increased level of card spending, higher travel commissions and fees and higher net card fees, partially offset by decreased other revenues and reduced other commissions and fees. The 22 percent increase in billed business reflects a 25 percent increase in average spending per proprietary basic card, partially offset by a 3 percent decrease in basic cards-in-force.
Interest expense increased $13 million or 30 percent to $56 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, driven by increased funding requirements due to a higher average receivable balance and a higher cost of funds, primarily in the United States. For the six months ended June 30, 2010 interest expense increased $16 million or 18 percent to $104 million, driven by increased funding requirements due to a higher average receivable balance, partially offset by lower cost of funds, primarily in the United States.
Provision for losses decreased $25 million or 47 percent to $28 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, driven by improved credit performance within the underlying portfolio, partially offset by higher receivable levels. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, provision for losses increased $6 million or 6 percent to $106 million, driven by higher receivable levels, partially offset by improved credit performance within the underlying portfolio.
Expenses were $816 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, a decrease of $35 million or 4 percent, due to a decrease in salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses, partially offset by increased marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, expenses were $1.6 billion, reflecting an increase of $4 million, mainly due to increased marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses, partially offset by a decrease in salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses.
Marketing, promotion, rewards and cardmember services expenses increased $33 million or 45 percent and $67 million or 44 percent to $107 million and $220 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, primarily reflecting higher reward costs and marketing and promotion expenses.
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses decreased $68 million or 9 percent and $63 million or 4 percent to $709 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, primarily due to net reengineering charges during the second quarter of 2009 and the accounting benefit related to hedging the Company’s fixed-rate debt.
The effective tax rate was 51 percent and 44 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, and reflects the impact of a $44 million valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets associated with certain of the Company’s non-U.S. travel operations recorded in the second quarter. The effective tax rate was 29 and 32 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.

 

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Global Network & Merchant Services
Selected Income Statement Data
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Millions)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Revenues
                               
Discount revenue, fees and other
  $ 1,021     $ 872     $ 1,970     $ 1,679  
 
                       
Interest income
    1             2        
Interest expense
    (46 )     (44 )     (93 )     (94 )
 
                       
Net interest income
    47       44       95       94  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense
    1,068       916       2,065       1,773  
Provisions for losses
    12       33       33       68  
 
                       
Total revenues net of interest expense after provisions for losses
    1,056       883       2,032       1,705  
 
                       
Expenses
                               
Marketing and promotion
    209       94       375       158  
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses
    430       423       825       795  
 
                       
Total
    639       517       1,200       953  
 
                       
Pretax segment income
    417       366       832       752  
Income tax provision
    148       127       296       263  
 
                       
Segment income
  $ 269     $ 239     $ 536     $ 489  
 
                       
 

 

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Global Network & Merchant Services
Selected Statistical Information
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Billions, except percentages and where indicated)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
Global Card billed business(a)
  $ 175.3     $ 151.4     $ 336.3     $ 290.6  
Global Network & Merchant Services:
                               
Total segment assets
  $ 11.9     $ 10.6     $ 11.9     $ 10.6  
Segment capital (millions)(b)
  $ 1,762     $ 1,488     $ 1,762     $ 1,488  
Return on average segment capital(c)
    65.2 %     76.7 %     65.2 %     76.7 %
Return on average tangible segment capital(c)
    66.8 %     78.8 %     66.8 %     78.8 %
 
                       
Global Network Services:
                               
Card billed business
  $ 21.6     $ 17.0     $ 41.7     $ 31.8  
Total cards-in-force (millions)
    27.3       25.6       27.3       25.6  
 
     
(a)  
Global Card billed business includes activities (including cash advances) related to proprietary cards, cards issued under network partnership agreements, and certain insurance fees charged on proprietary cards.
 
(b)  
Segment capital represents capital allocated to a segment based upon specific business operational needs, risk measures, and regulatory capital requirements.
 
(c)  
Return on average segment capital is calculated by dividing the (i) one year period segment income ($984 million and $1.0 billion for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively) by the (ii) one year average segment capital ($1.5 billion and $1.3 billion for the twelve months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively). Return on average tangible segment capital is computed in the same manner as return on average segment capital except the computation of average tangible segment capital excludes average goodwill and other intangibles of $36 million and $35 million at June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Management believes the return on average tangible segment capital is a useful measure of the profitability of its business.
Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
Global Network & Merchant Services reported segment income of $269 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, a $30 million or 13 percent increase from $239 million for the same period a year ago. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, Global Network & Merchant Services reported segment income of $536 million, a $47 million or 10 percent increase from the same period a year ago.
Total revenues net of interest expense increased $152 million or 17 percent and $292 million or 16 percent to $1.1 billion and $2.1 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, due to increased discount revenue, fees and other revenues.
Discount revenue, fees and other increased $149 million or 17 percent and $291 million or 17 percent to $1.0 billion and $2.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, reflecting an increase in merchant-related revenues, driven by the 16 percent increase in global card billed business, as well as higher volume driven GNS-related revenues.
Interest expense credit increased $2 million or 5 percent and decreased $1 million or 1 percent to a credit of $46 million and $93 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, due to a higher funding-driven interest credit related to internal transfer pricing, which recognizes the merchant services’ accounts payable-related funding benefit.
Provisions for losses decreased $21 million or 64 percent and $35 million or 51 percent to $12 million and $33 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, primarily due to lower merchant-related debit balances.

 

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Expenses were $639 million and $1.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, an increase of $122 million or 24 percent and $247 million or 26 percent, respectively, due to increased marketing and promotion and salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses.
Marketing and promotion expenses increased $115 million or more than 100 percent and $217 million or more than 100 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, reflecting higher brand, network and merchant-related marketing investments.
Salaries and employee benefits and other operating expenses increased $7 million or 2 percent and $30 million or 4 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, reflecting higher professional services and technology-related expenses, offset by lower salaries and employee benefits expense.
The effective tax rate was 35 percent and 36 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively. The effective tax rate was 35 percent for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively.
Corporate & Other
Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 and 2009
Corporate & Other reported net expense of $51 million and $104 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively. Segment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $111 million and $178 million, respectively. The net expense for the three months ended June 30, 2010 reflected higher incentive compensation and benefit expense compared to prior year, partially offset by $93 million and $43 million of after-tax income related to the MasterCard and Visa litigation settlements, respectively, and $2 million of after-tax benefit related to the Company’s reengineering efforts. The income for the three months ended June 30, 2009, reflected $135 million of after-tax income related to the ICBC sale, $93 million and $43 million of after-tax income related to the MasterCard and Visa litigation settlements, respectively, and a $35 million of after-tax expense related to the Company’s reengineering initiatives.
The net expense for the six months ended June 30, 2010 reflected higher incentive compensation and benefit expense compared to prior year, partially offset by $186 million and $86 million of after-tax income related to the MasterCard and Visa litigation settlements, respectively, and $3 million of after-tax benefit related to the Company’s reengineering efforts. The income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 included $186 million and $86 million of after-tax income reflected the MasterCard and Visa litigation settlements, respectively.
OTHER REPORTING MATTERS
Accounting Developments
See “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” section of Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk to earnings or value resulting from movements in market prices. The Company’s market risk consists primarily of interest rate risk in the proprietary card-issuing and Travelers Cheque businesses and foreign exchange risk in international operations. As described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”), the detrimental effect on the Company’s pretax earnings of:
   
a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would be approximately $117 million;
   
a hypothetical 10 percent strengthening of the U.S. dollar related to anticipated overseas operating results for the next 12 months would be approximately $112 million.
These sensitivities are based on the 2009 year-end positions, and assume that all relevant maturities and types of interest rates and foreign exchange rates that affect the Company’s results would increase instantaneously and simultaneously and to the same degree. There were no material changes in these market risks since December 31, 2009.

 

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective. There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
This report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements, which address the Company’s expected business and financial performance, among other matters, contain words such as “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “optimistic”, “intend”, “plan”, “aim”, “will”, “may”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “likely”, and similar expressions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: the inability of the Company to achieve its revised on average, over time return on equity financial target of 25% or more, which will depend in part on the Company’s earnings growth, the risks of which are described herein, and future capital levels of the Company, which are still uncertain and subject to the issuance of regulatory guidelines under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Reform Act”), the Basel III regulatory initiative and possible changing interpretations by bank regulators as to the capital ratio levels at which banks would be deemed to be “well-capitalized”, as well as the number and size of acquisitions that may be consummated by the Company; the Company’s failure, over time, to return to shareholders at least 50 percent of capital generated, which will depend on its ability to grow its business and meet its on average, over time target for earnings per share growth of 12 percent to 15 percent, the risks of which are described herein, and its on average, over time target return on equity of 25 percent or more, the risks of which are described above; the Company’s net interest yield on U.S. cardmember loans not trending over time to historical levels as expected, which will be influenced by, among other things, the effects of The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (the “CARD Act”) and regulations adopted pursuant thereto, including the regulations requiring the Company to periodically reevaluate APR increases, interest rates, changes in consumer behavior that affect loan balances, such as paydown rates, the Company’s cardmember acquisition strategy, product mix, credit actions, including line size and other adjustments to credit availability, and pricing changes; the Company’s growth rate of its loan portfolio might not remain lower than the growth rate of billed business generated on the Company’s card products in the near term, which will depend in part on paydown rates and spending volumes on the Company’s credit card products, which are in turn dependent on, among other things, consumer confidence, unemployment, interest rates and general economic conditions; changes in laws or government regulations, including, in the United States, the impact of the Reform Act, which is subject to further extensive rulemaking, the implications of which are not fully known at this time; the impact of the provisions of the Reform Act permitting merchants to discount or provide in-kind incentives for the use of one form of payment versus another, which will depend in part on merchants’ inclination to implement and invest in differentiated pricing and consumers’ behavior in choosing among different value propositions offered through various payment products; the difference between the Company’s discount rate to merchants and the discount rate for debit transactions to be established by the Federal Reserve, which could put increased downward pressure on the Company’s discount rate; the Company’s ability to exceed for 2010 its on-average, over-time e