The Company's cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices or broker or dealer quotations for similar assets. These investments are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued utilizing third-party pricing providers or other market observable data. Data used in the analysis include reportable trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids and offers, benchmark yields and credit spreads. The Company validates the prices provided by its third-party pricing providers by reviewing their pricing methods, analyzing pricing inputs and confirming that the securities have traded in normally functioning markets. The Company did not adjust or override any fair value measurements provided by its pricing providers as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company did not have any investments in Level 3 securities.

There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

The carrying amounts reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for certain short-term financial instruments including accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

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Summary of Liabilities Recorded at Carrying Value and Fair Value

The 4.25% Convertible Notes and the Treximet Secured Notes are recorded at carrying value. The derivative liability and contingent consideration are recorded at fair value. Within the hierarchy of fair value measurements, the derivative liability and contingent consideration are Level 3 fair values. The fair and carrying value of our debt instruments are detailed as follows (in thousands):

The fair values of the Convertible notes were estimated using the (i) terms of the convertible notes; (ii) rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the underlying security; (iii) time until any restriction(s) are released; (iv) fundamental financial and other characteristics of the Company; (v) trading characteristics of the underlying security (exchange, volume, price, and volatility); (vi) valuation of derivative liability; and (vii) precedent sale transactions.

The fair value of the derivative liability was determined using a "with and without" scenario. Under this methodology, valuations are performed on the convertible note inclusive of all terms as well as for a convertible note that has identical terms and features but excluding the conversion option. The difference between the two valuations is equal to the fair value of the conversion option. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs would result in a significant change in the fair value of the derivative liability.

The fair value of contingent consideration is based on two components - a regulatory milestone and commercial milestone.

For the regulatory milestone, the expected regulatory earn out payment was discounted taking into account (a) the Company's cost of debt, (b) the expected timing of the payment and (c) subordinate nature of the earn out obligation.

The fair value of the commercial milestone was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. This simulation assumed a risk-neutral framework, whereby future net revenue was simulated over the earn out period using the Geometric Brownian Motion. For each simulation path, the earn out payments were calculated based on the achievement of the revenue milestone and then were discounted to the valuation date. Significant increases or decreases in these unobservable inputs and/or the probability of achievement of these milestones would result in a significant change in the fair value of the contingent consideration.

11

Treximet Secured Notes

The fair value of the Company's Treximet Secured Notes was estimated using a discounted cash flow model.

For the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), the following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for each category therein, and gains or losses recognized during the periods (in thousands).

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):

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Intangible assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

As of June 30, 2016, the weighted average remaining life for our definite-lived intangible assets in total was approximately 7.7 years.

13

In connection with the Zohydro ER acquisition (see Note 12, Business Combinations, for further information), the Company recorded, at fair value, intangible assets consisting of intellectual property valued at $98.8 million and in-process research and development ("IPR&D") intangibles valued at $4.2 million.  Intellectual property will be amortized on a straight-line basis over 18.3 years. IPR&D will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life once the receipt of regulatory approval is obtained.

During 2016, the Company recorded impairment charges of approximately $891,000 against acquired brands and approximately $611,000 against acquired developed technologies. This impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 was due to a review of the Company's product portfolio which resulted in the discontinuation of products that were not profitable. During 2015, the Company recorded impairment charges of approximately $400,000 against trademark rights, $3.0 million against IPR&D, $106,000 against patents, $10.1 million against product licenses and $10.8 million against acquired developed technologies. The Company decided during the year ended December 31, 2015 to focus its efforts on certain core products and no longer promote certain other products which are not aligned with this business strategy or due to the termination of certain contractual agreements.

Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets with definite lives for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

Amortization expense was $20.7 million and $44.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, of which, $19,000 is included in cost of product sales in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense was $22.2 million and $40.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively.

Accrued allowances consist of the following (in thousands):

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Note 7. Debt 

Debt, net of discounts and deferred financing costs, consists of the following (in thousands):

On August 21, 2015, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo, National Association, as Administrative Agent and the lenders party thereto for a $50.0 million, three-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Wells Fargo Credit Facility"), which may be increased by an additional $20.0 million in the lenders' discretion.

The Company's obligations under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility are secured by, among other things, the Company's and certain subsidiaries' inventory and accounts receivable, and are guaranteed by certain of the Company's subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, $14.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively, were outstanding under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility and classified as Credit facilities - long-term on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Availability of borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility from time to time is subject to a borrowing base calculation based upon a valuation of the Company's eligible inventories and eligible accounts receivable, each multiplied by an applicable advance rate. Borrowing availability under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility was $11.6 million as of June 30, 2016. Borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility will bear interest at the Company's election at (i) the rate of LIBOR plus 1.5% to LIBOR plus 2.0% or (ii) the Base Rate (as defined in the Wells Fargo Credit Facility) plus 0.5% to the Base Rate plus 1.0%. The applicable interest rate margin percentage will be determined by the average daily availability of borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn commitments under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility from time to time at an applicable rate of 0.25% per annum according to the average daily balance of borrowings under the Wells Fargo Credit Facility during any month. The Wells Fargo Credit Facility contains representations and warranties, affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants, and events of default (applicable to the Company and certain of its subsidiaries) which are customary for credit facilities of this type. The effective interest rate was 3.5% at June 30, 2016.

On August 21, 2015, the Company terminated the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 8, 2013, as amended, by and among MidCap Funding IV, LLC, and certain subsidiaries of the Company and repaid all outstanding loans thereunder (the "MidCap Credit Facility"). The MidCap Credit Facility provided for a $20.0 million revolving loan commitment and a $20.0 million uncommitted accordion feature. The obligations under the MidCap Credit Facility were secured by a first priority security interest in the Company's accounts, inventory, deposit accounts, securities accounts, securities entitlements, permits and cash and bore interest at a rate equal to the sum of the LIBOR (with a floor of 1.5%) plus an applicable margin of 7.50% per annum. The MidCap Credit Facility has been closed and has been replaced with the Wells Fargo Credit Facility.

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Convertible Notes:

On April 22, 2015, the Company issued $130.0 million aggregate principal amount 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes (the "4.25% Convertible Notes"). The 4.25% Convertible Notes mature on April 1, 2021, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company received net proceeds from the sale of the 4.25% Convertible Notes of $125.0 million, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. Interest on the 4.25% Convertible Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning October 1, 2015. The discounted note balance of $105.6 million and $103.8 million is recorded as long-term debt on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

The 4.25% Convertible Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture (the "Indenture"), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the "Trustee"), each of which were entered into on April 22, 2015.

The Company may not redeem the 4.25% Convertible Notes prior to April 6, 2019. However, the holders may convert their 4.25% Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding January 1, 2021 only under certain circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will deliver a number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to the conversion rate in effect on the conversion date. The initial conversion rate will be 87.2030 shares of the Company's common stock for each $1,000 principal amount of the 4.25% Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $11.47 per share. Following certain corporate transactions that can occur on or prior to the stated maturity date, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 4.25% Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate transaction. In addition to the holder option to convert, the 4.25% Convertible Notes may be redeemed upon the occurrence of certain events. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $5.0 million, which have been deferred and which are being amortized over a six-year period, unless earlier converted, in which case the unamortized costs would be recorded in additional paid-in capital. The effective interest rate on the 4.25% Convertible Notes, including debt issuance costs and bifurcated conversion option derivative (discussed below), is 9.7%.

The Company is required to separate the conversion option in the 4.25% Convertible Notes under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. During April 2015, the Company recorded the bifurcated conversion option valued at $28.5 million as a derivative liability, which created a discount on the debt. The derivative liability is marked to market through the other income (expense) section on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for each reporting period, while the discount created on the 4.25% Convertible Notes is accreted as interest expense over the life of the debt. The derivative liability is valued at $2.2 million and $9.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. If the Company obtains shareholder approval to remove the contractual limit on the number of shares that may be delivered to settle the conversion of the 4.25% Convertible Notes, the conversion feature may meet an exception from derivative accounting and no longer require separate accounting as a bifurcated derivative. As the conversion feature is accounted for as a bifurcated derivative liability, the Company was not required to consider whether the cash conversion or beneficial conversion guidance contained in ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, is applicable to the 4.25% Convertible Notes.

In addition to the bifurcated conversion feature, there are two other features that require bifurcation but contain de minimis value. Although the probability was considered remote, at the time of the transaction, that (1) additional interest would be incurred for failure to file financial statements timely or (2) the 4.25% Convertible Notes would be redeemed by the Company following the failure of the Zohydro ER acquisition to close prior to July 8, 2015. The Company will continue to monitor the timely filing of its financial statements for any additional interest that could be incurred.

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Interest expense was $2.2 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $1.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, related to the 4.25% Convertible Notes. Change in fair value of derivative liability was income of $159,000 and $7.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $8.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. Accrued interest on the 4.25% Convertible Notes was approximately $1.4 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company recorded debt issuance costs of $5.0 million, which are being amortized using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2016, $672,000 and $3.7 million are recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Convertible Notes - long-term, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2015-03. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $130.0 million related to the 4.25% Convertible Notes, respectively.

On April 16, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Inducement Agreement") with all of the holders of its 8.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (the "8.00% Convertible Notes") representing $65.0 million aggregate principal amount, pursuant to which such holders agreed to the removal of substantially all of the material restrictive covenants in the indenture governing the 8.00% Convertible Notes and to convert their notes in accordance with the provisions of such indenture in exchange for an aggregate of 2,338,129 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Inducement Shares"). The Company recorded $19.5 million as cost of inducement expense in the year ended December 31, 2015. The issuance of the Inducement Shares was made pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2). Each of the holders entering into the Inducement Agreement agreed not to sell the shares of our common stock to be issued to it upon conversion of the 8.00% Convertible Notes for 145 days (the "lock-up period") subject to exceptions, including in connection with settling existing short positions with respect to the 8.00% Convertible Notes and underwritten public offerings pursuant to existing registration rights with respect to such shares of our common stock. In addition, such holders are permitted to dispose of up to 80 percent of such shares of our common stock remaining after settling existing short positions prior to the end of the lock-up period in specified intervals.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the holders of the 8.00% Convertible Notes converted the outstanding notes at a conversion price of $3.60 per share. The Company issued 18.1 million shares pursuant to this conversion and retired the $65.0 million of the outstanding 8.00% Convertible Notes.

Interest expense was $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $302,000 and $1.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively related to the 8.00% Convertible Notes. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $0 related to the 8.00% Convertible Notes, respectively. Interest expense of $547,000 that accrued during the year ended December 31, 2015 was forfeited and recorded in additional paid-in capital. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded the remaining $5.4 million unamortized deferred financing costs related to the 8.00% Convertible Notes in additional paid-in capital.

On August 19, 2014, the Company issued $220.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (the "Treximet Secured Notes") pursuant to an Indenture (the "August 2014 Indenture") dated as of August 19, 2014 among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries (the "Guarantors") and U.S. Bank National Association (the "August 2014 Trustee"), as trustee and collateral agent.

The Treximet Secured Notes mature on August 1, 2020 and bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year (each, a "Payment Date"), beginning on February 1, 2015. On each Payment Date, commencing August 1, 2015, the Company began paying installments of principal of the Treximet Secured Notes in an amount equal to 50% of net sales of Treximet for the two consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding such Payment Date (less the amount of interest paid on the Treximet Secured Notes on such Payment Date).

17

At each month-end beginning with January 2015, the net sales of Treximet will be calculated, the monthly interest accrual amount will then be deducted from the net sales and this resulting amount will be recorded as the current portion of the Treximet Secured Notes. If the Treximet net sales less the interest due at each month-end of each six-month period does not result in any excess over the interest due, no principal payment must be paid at that time. The remaining balance outstanding on the Treximet Secured Notes will be due on the maturity date, which is August 1, 2020. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company classified $5.5 million and $15.0 million, respectively, of the Treximet Secured Notes as a current liability and $189.6 million and $194.9 million as a non-current liability, respectively.

The Treximet Secured Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Guarantors. The Treximet Secured Notes and the guarantees of the Guarantors are secured by a continuing first-priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors related to Treximet other than inventory and certain inventory related assets, including accounts arising from the sale of the inventory.

The Company may redeem the Treximet Secured Notes at its option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, on any business day, on not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days' prior notice provided to each holder's registered address. If such redemption was prior to August 1, 2015, the redemption price would have been equal to the greater of (i) the principal amount of the Treximet Secured Notes being redeemed and (ii) the present value, discounted at the applicable treasury rate of the principal amount of the Treximet Secured Notes being redeemed plus 1.00%, of such principal payment amounts and interest at the rate per annum shown above on the outstanding principal balance of the Treximet Secured Notes being redeemed assuming the principal balances were amortized at the times and in the assumed amounts set forth on Schedule A to the August 2014 Indenture. If such redemption occurs (i) on or after August 1, 2015 and prior to August 1, 2016, the redemption price will equal 106% of the outstanding principal amount of August Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (ii) on or after August 1, 2016 and prior to August 1, 2017, the redemption price will equal 103% of the outstanding principal amount of the August Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and (iii) on or after August 1, 2017, the redemption price will equal 100% of the outstanding principal amount of the Treximet Secured Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

The August 2014 Indenture contains covenants that limit the ability of the Company and the Guarantors to, among other things: incur certain additional indebtedness; pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase stock or make other distributions in respect of its capital stock; repurchase, prepay or redeem certain indebtedness; make certain investments; create restrictions on the ability of the Guarantors to pay dividends to the Company or make other intercompany transfers; create liens; transfer or sell assets; consolidate, merge or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. Upon the occurrence of certain events constituting a change of control, the Company is required to make an offer to repurchase all of the Treximet Secured Notes (unless otherwise redeemed) at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any to the repurchase date.

The August 2014 Indenture provides that an Event of Default (as defined in the August 2014 Indenture) will occur if, among other things, (a) the Company defaults in any payment of interest on any note when due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days; (b) the Company defaults in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, on any note when due and payable on the maturity date, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, or to pay the change of control repurchase price, when due and payable, and such default continues for a period of five days; (c) failure to make a repurchase offer in the event of a change in control when required under the August 2014 Indenture, which continues for three business days; (d) the Company or any Guarantor fails to comply with certain covenants after receiving written notice from the August 2014 Trustee or the holders of more than 25% of the principal amount of the outstanding Treximet Secured Notes; (e) the Company or any Guarantor defaults with respect to other indebtedness for borrowed money in excess of $8.0 million and such default is not cured within 30 days after written notice from the August 2014 Trustee or the holders of more than 25% of the principal amount of the outstanding Treximet Secured Notes; (f) the Company or any Guarantor has rendered against it a final judgment for the payment of $8.0 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) or more (excluding any amounts covered by insurance) under certain circumstances; (g) certain bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, reorganization or similar events occur with respect to the Company or any Guarantor; (h) a guarantee of the Treximet Secured Notes (with certain exceptions) is held to be unenforceable or invalid in a judicial proceeding or ceases to be in full force and effect or a Guarantor disaffirms its obligations under its guarantee of the Treximet Secured Notes; and (i) certain changes in control of a Guarantor.

18

Interest expense related to the Treximet Secured Notes was $5.9 million and $11.9 million, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $6.6 million and $13.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. Accrued interest on the Treximet Secured Notes was approximately $9.8 million and $10.5 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company recorded debt issuance costs of $7.8 million, which are being amortized using the effective interest method. As of June 30, 2016, $1.3 million and $4.1 million are recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet in Treximet Secured Notes - current and Treximet Secured Notes - long-term, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2015-03.

On April 13, 2015, the Company furnished to the holders of the Treximet Secured Notes a Consent Solicitation Statement (the "Consent Solicitation"). The Consent Solicitation sought the consent of the holders of a majority of the principal amount of the Treximet Secured Notes to amend the Indenture, dated August 19, 2014 (the "Indenture"), among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, that governs the Treximet Secured Notes to allow the Company to, among other things, incur up to $42.2 million of additional debt (the "Indenture Amendments") in exchange for a consent fee in cash equal to 1% of the principal amount of consenting Treximet Secured Notes (the "Consent Fees"). Through April 28, 2015, the Company received consent to the Indenture Amendments from holders representing approximately 98% of the principal amount of the Notes, and subsequently paid the holders approximately $2.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The cost of inducement of $403,000 and $1.3 million is recorded in Treximet Secured Notes - current and Treximet Secured Notes - long-term, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2015-03, on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2016 and are being amortized using the effective interest method.

The following table represents the future maturity schedule of the outstanding debt and line of credit at June 30, 2016 (in thousands):

On November 7, 2014, the Company entered into a controlled equity offering sales agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. ("Cantor") pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000, pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-200005), from time to time through Cantor, acting as agent. The Company will pay Cantor a commission rate of 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of the common stock sold through Cantor as agent under the Sales Agreement.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company sold 23,921,343 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement, at an average price of approximately $0.52 per share, for gross proceeds of $12.4 million and net proceeds of $12.0 million, after deducting Cantor's commission. The Company received $11.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and the remaining $700,000 was received in July 2016. As of June 30, 2016, approximately $87.6 million of common stock remained available to be sold under this facility.

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Warrants

As of June 30, 2016, the Company has approximately 469,000 outstanding warrants in connection with the acquisition of Somaxon in March 2013.

In June 2015, the Company's shareholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan"). The maximum number of shares that can be offered under this plan is 7.0 million. Incentives may be granted under the 2015 Plan to eligible participants in the form of (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options, (c) restricted shares, (d) restricted stock units, (e) share appreciation rights and (f) other share-based awards. Incentive grants under the 2015 Plan generally vest based on four years of continuous service and have 10-year contractual terms.

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

The Company currently uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of its stock options and the Monte Carlo option pricing model to determine the fair value of its performance stock options. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by the Company's stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual employee exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the periods and the assumptions used to estimate those values using the Black-Scholes option pricing mode were as follows:

The expected stock price volatility for the stock options is based on historical volatility of the Company's stock. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying cash dividends; therefore, the expected dividend rate is assumed to be 0%. The risk-free rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant commensurate with the expected life assumption. The expected life of the stock options granted was estimated based on the historical exercise patterns over the option lives.  

Stock-based compensation expense was $770,000 and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $1.2 million and $3.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented is included within the selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Stock Options

As of June 30, 2016, approximately 9.2 million options are outstanding that have been issued to current officers and employees under the Company's 2007 Stock Option Plan, the 2009 Plan and the 2015 Plan. As of June 30, 2016, there was approximately $13.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options issued to employees and directors of the Company, which is expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted-average period of 2.75 years.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company's Board of Directors awarded a total of 485,000 options ("Performance Options") to certain of the Company's executive officers. A determination of whether and how many of the Performance Options vest and become exercisable will be made on August 14, 2018 (the "Measuring Date") (the date that is three-years from the grant date) based upon the average closing bid price of the Company's Common Stock for the twenty trading days ending on the Measuring Date. If the average closing bid price of the Company's Common Stock for the twenty trading days immediately ending on the Measuring Date is (i) less than $20 per share, no Performance Options vest, (ii) $20 per share or more and less than $25 per share, then 50% of the Performance Options vest, (iii) $25 per share or more and less than $30 per share, then 75% of the Performance Options vest, (iii) $30 per share or more and less than $35 per share, then 100% of the Performance Options vest, and (iv) $35 per share or more, then 150% of the Performance Options vest. 50% of any such vested options shall be exercisable on the Measuring Date and the remaining 50% of such vested options shall be exercisable one year after the Measuring Date. Upon a change of control of the Company after the Measuring Date, any vested but exercisable Performance Options shall become exercisable. Upon a change of control prior to the Measuring Date, the Measuring Date shall become the effective date of the change of control and the amount of Performance Options that vest, if any, shall be based upon the common stock price as of the effective date of the change of control. For example, if a change of control occurs prior to August 14, 2018 and the price of the Company's Common Stock for the twenty trading days prior to the effective date of the change of control is $24 per share then each named executive officer would vest in 50% of the Performance Options.

The Company utilized a Monte Carlo Simulation to determine the grant date fair value of the Performance Options. Compensation expense is recognized over the performance period of each tranche in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The Company recorded $12,000 and $35,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 of share-based compensation expense related to these Performance Options.

The following table shows the option activity, described above, during the six months ended June 30, 2016 (share and intrinsic values in thousands):

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Restricted Stock

The following table shows the Company's non-vested restricted stock activity during the six months ended June 30, 2016 (share and intrinsic values in thousands):

As of June 30, 2016, there was $0 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock issued to employees and directors of the Company due to the acceleration of restricted stock expense related to the restructuring during the year ended December 31, 2015.

The Company reported an income tax benefit of $10,000 and tax expense of $25,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively and a benefit of $3.6 million and $8.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was 0.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to an estimated annual effective rate of 12.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The change in tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to the Company having a full valuation allowance as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. All deferred tax assets are subject to a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2015.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its U.S. net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, on a quarterly basis. The realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during periods prior to the expiration of tax attributes to fully utilize these assets. The Company weighed both positive and negative evidence and determined that due to recent losses there is a continued need for a full valuation allowance against all of the Company's deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Our gross deferred tax assets are comprised primarily of U.S. Federal net operating losses and accruals. A substantial portion of the deferred tax liability at June 30, 2016 relates to the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of the intangibles acquired in the Cypress acquisition. The deferred tax liability related to these Cypress intangibles is reduced on an annual basis by the financial statement amortization of such intangibles.

Income tax returns subject to review by taxing authorities include 2012, 2013 and 2014.

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Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is currently involved in an arbitration proceeding with GSK. GSK has claimed that the Company owes GSK damages relating to an alleged breach by the Company of a covenant contained in the Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of May 13, 2014 by and among GSK and its affiliates and the Company pertaining to a pre-existing customer agreement. The Company has asserted counterclaims, defenses and claims related to breaches of a Supply Agreement between the parties. The Company and GSK have entered into an Interim Settlement Agreement under which the Company will continue to make payments to GSK and escrow additional funds and pursuant to which the parties have submitted the matter to binding arbitration. The Company has paid to GSK approximately $10.3 million through June 30, 2016 and has deposited an additional approximately $6.2 million into an escrow account on account of the settlement of disputed amounts. The amounts paid by the Company to GSK and escrowed represent approximately 46% of the amounts GSK claims are owed to them as a result of the Company's alleged breach. The amounts paid and escrowed by the Company for GSK claims are consistent with the amounts accrued by the Company for managed care rebates and fees during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. An arbitration hearing was held in April 2016 and a second hearing is scheduled for October 2016. A decision by the arbitrators is expected no later than February 2017. While the Company intends to vigorously contest GSK's allegations that its damages are a result of the Company's breach and that they are compensable under the Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement or otherwise, any material liability resulting from this claim could negatively impact the Company's financial results.

Recro Gainseville LLC v. Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc., District of Delaware Case Nos. 14-1118, 15-413, and 15-1196; Recro Gainseville LLC v. Alvogen Malta Operations Ltd., District of Delaware Case No. 14-1364

Recro is the owner of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,228,398 ("the '398 Patent") and 6,902,742 ("the '742 Patent"), both of which expire on November 1, 2019, and U.S. Patent No. 9,132,096 ("the '096 Patent"), which expires on September 12, 2034. All three patents (collectively, "the Orange Book Patents") are listed in the United States Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA's") Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations ("Orange Book") as covering Zohydro ER. Actavis and Alvogen each filed Abbreviated New Drug Applications ("ANDAs") with the FDA seeking approval of proposed generic versions of Zohydro ER in 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg dosage strengths. Those ANDAs and amendments thereto contained certifications asserting that the Orange Book Patents are invalid and not infringed. Pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, Recro brought suit against Actavis on September 3, 2014 and May 21, 2015 for declaratory judgment of infringement of the '398 and '742 Patents, and on December 23, 2015 for declaratory judgment of infringement of the '096 Patent. In response, Actavis filed counterclaims seeking declaratory judgments of noninfringement and invalidity of all three Orange Book Patents. Pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, Recro brought suit against Alvogen on November 3, 2014 for declaratory judgment of infringement of the '398 and '742 Patents. In response, Alvogen filed counterclaims seeking declaratory judgments of noninfringement and invalidity of those two patents. All of these related cases are pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, where they are currently in the expert discovery stage. The Company continues to monitor the cases closely. Trial is currently scheduled to begin on October 3, 2016.

23

Other Commitments and Contingencies

In July 2012 and January 2013, Somaxon settled two patent litigation claims with parties seeking to market generic equivalents of Silenor.  As of June 30, 2016, remaining payment obligations owed under these settlement agreements are $1.5 million. The balance is payable in equal annual installments of $250,000 through 2019, and a payment of $500,000, payable in 2017. The current portion is recorded in other liabilities - current and the non-current portion is recorded in other liabilities - long-term on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016.

During the first quarter of 2014, the Company settled all claims arising from certain actions by Cypress under the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act prior to its acquisition by the Company. As part of the settlement, the Company agreed to pay $12.0 million, payable in annual amounts of $2.0 million until the settlement is paid in full. As of June 30, 2016, the net present value of remaining payment obligations owed under this settlement agreement are $5.3 million. The current portion is recorded in other liabilities - current and the non-current portion is recorded in other liabilities - long-term on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016.

In connection with the acquisition of Treximet, the Company is responsible for the payment of royalties to Pozen of 18% of Treximet net sales with quarterly minimum royalty amounts of $4.0 million for the calendar quarters commencing on January 1, 2015 and ending on March 31, 2018.

On March 16, 2015, the Company decided to institute an initiative to restructure operations and shut down the Charleston, South Carolina site. This step was done to consolidate operations within the Company's headquarters located in Morristown, New Jersey.

The Company incurred $0 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, and a reduction of $108,000 and a charge of $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, related to the restructuring. The charge during the six months ended June 30, 2015 was comprised of $545,000 in severance related cash expenses, and $653,000 for the modification and accelerated vesting of options and awards under existing employee agreements. Associated severance payments were paid by May 31, 2016.

A summary of accrued restructuring costs, included as a component of accounts payable and accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, is as follows (in thousands):